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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/EJLL-17-2-40-47
Hien Le Thi Thu, The University of Education, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi Cau Giay district, Ha Noi city, Viet Nam Dung Nguyen Viet, Huyen Nguyen Thi Thu, Thai Nguyen College Of Education Thinh Dan ward, Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province, Viet Nam E-mail: [email protected]
Cloud-Based Learning Management System: A Case Study at Thai Nguyen College of Education, Vietnam
Abstract: Cloud computing is a term referring to the delivery of all information and technology related services over the Internet, thereby exempting users from making investments in manpower, technologies and infrastructure which are required to system implementation. The introduction of Cloud-Based Learning Management System has created new developmental opportunities for online training at universities, colleges and other educational institutes. This paper presents the research results achieved by a group of authors from the research theme "Research and Proposed Application of Cloud-based Learning Management System for application of E-learning in training activities to meet renovative needs and actual situations at Education Colleges in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Part ofVietnam."
Keywords: Cloud Computing, Online Training, Learning Management System.
1. Introduction based on the pilot implementation of the LMS Edmodo
In present day's education development, e-learning at Thai Nguyen College of Education, we aim to propose
plays a critical role, in addition to the conventional face- that Cloud-Based Learning Management System should
to-face teaching method, in improving the quality of be applied to enable online training activities at Educa-
training and skill refreshing for the teachers, meeting tion Colleges in the Northern Midlands and Mountain-
the renovation needs at various Education Colleges. To ous Part of Vietnam.
make online training a success at colleges, one top re- 2. Current status of information and technology
quirement is to establish a Learning Management System application in online training management at Educa-
(LMS) which is to be implemented online for purpose of tion Colleges in the Northern Midlands and Moun-
managing learning process and communication of train- tainous Part of Vietnam
ing courses to the learners. For the education colleges 2.1. An overview of E-learning
located in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Part E-Learning is the learning delivered over the Inter-
of Vietnam, building such learning management system net in the form oflearning courses and managed by learn-
(LMS) as an instrument to implement online training ing management systems which can guarantee learners' in-
remains a challenging question in need of answer due teractions and cooperation and meet their learning needs
to limited financial sources and IT infrastructure at the anytime and anywhere [6]. Based on the above definition,
education colleges. Under the framework of this paper, an e-Learning system must ensure below enablers:
— Internet access;
— Learning is delivered in form of learning courses;
— Application of learning management systems;
— Guaranteed interactions and cooperation during learning.
Typical model of an E-learning system.
The E-learning system is a teaching environment where E-learning is utilized and individuals as well as components can interact with each other comfortably, safely and be individualized for learning purpose. The E-learning system is involved in the teaching process as a teaching facility, providing the teachers with a software that enable them to create and manage an online learning course, manage students and deliver learning contents.
Figure 1. Diagram of a typical E-learning system
At the heart of an E-learning system is the Learning Management System (LMS). This includes a set of computer software tools designed exclusively for the management of teaching and learning processes. [4] This system can allow the organization, management, supervision, assignment of contents — teaching — learning activities, ltíOng giá, sum-up reports, etc. which eventually provides comprehensive management of all activities of a training program. The core value of a LMS is its capability to create an online training environment with the utilization of a diversified set of online applications — tools (Web 2.0) for teaching and learning purpose of an organization (including education institutes, corporates). This system is normally implemented over an Intranet of an organization or over the Internet, which allows many learners to take part at the same time without facing any time and location related barriers. Teachers, learners and the system administrator can have access to the LMS for different purposes while the system stable operations and effective teaching are still guaranteed. To have an effective E-learning system at colleges, meeting the requirements of a Learning Management System (LMS) will be critical.
To create and manage a learning course, the teachers in addition to working directly on the Learning Management System (LMS), will need Authoring Tools for designing and compilation of a learning's course contents which are then organized as a package using certain standard (which is normally SCORM) before being uploaded into the learning management system. In some cases, the contents of a learning course can be designed and compiled without the use of such Authoring Tools. The systems that can handle such task are the so-called Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS).
2.2. The importance of E-learning in facilitating teaching and learning activities at Education Colleges in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Part of Vietnam
Currently there are in total 33 Education Colleges in Vietnam, out of which 8 are located in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Part of Vietnam, namely: Cao Bang College of Education, Dien Bien College of Education, Ha Giang College of Education, Hoa Binh College of Education, Lang Son College of Education, Lao Cai College of Education, Thai Nguyen College of Education and Yen Bai College of Education. The main duties of these colleges are to provide training and refresh skills for teachers at kindergartens, Primary and Secondary Schools with School to College Education Level in order to meet local and regional teaching hu-
man resources.
To improve the quality of training and refresh knowledge provided for the teachers in meeting today's renovation needs, one of the central tasks assigned to the Education Colleges in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Part of Vietnam is to develop training programs in close link with innovative teaching and leaning methods. Where learners should be given a central role and the teaching process should be driven by learners' background characteristics. Therefore, requirement for the teachers regarding innovative teaching method will be: Teachers must organize awareness improvement activities for learners, set learning objectives, work as instructors to give guidelines for discussions, provide support for awareness improvement activities, coaching and arbitration during learning process. Teachers need to motivate learners to take lead in knowledge acquisition so that they can raise their voices and attitude and argue their points. After that, the teachers will be able to test and evaluate their knowledge acquisition in order to properly adjust their teaching method and contents.
Given such practical needs, the combination of face to face teaching during class hours and E-learning to
support lecturers and students during their teaching and learning processes will be a practical solution since the E-learning method by nature can successfully meet the above mentioned needs. Details are as below:
— In the role of an instructor, the teacher will present and communicate learning contents on the E-learning website and at the same time prepare learning program, provide details about objectives and duties that students need to accomplish and request students to strictly follow the predetermined procedure. During teaching and learning process, with the score data stored on the system, the teacher will be able to control the entire learning process.
— In the role of a facilitator, the teacher will give students the chance to take lead in preparation of learning plan through big exercises, homework exercises and selection of appropriate forms to achieve their learning objectives. Students complete and submit their exercises via the online learning management system in accordance with the schedule established by the teacher. The teacher may support the students with online discussions and be ready to give help when requested. The teacher will have chance to supervise students' learning process and make timely adjustments if the role they play is not strong enough.
— In the role of a coach and arbitrator: With the learning results achieved by the students stored on the E-learning system, the teacher will understand the performance of teaching and learning process and the learners' expectations, enabling the teacher to make timely improvements and adjustments of teaching and learning modality and method to increase effectiveness.
2.3. Existing conditions for implementation of e-learning at Education Colleges in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Part of Vietnam
At present, all the education colleges have not applied specialized E-learning systems to deliver online teaching. The enablers for application of E-learning systems to support teaching and learning activities at the colleges will include: Human resources (including system administrators, teachers and learners) and IT enabling infrastructure. Including:
— Human resources
According to a typical E-Learning system (Figure 1), three objects will be involved in the the learning management system in different roles. Details are as below:
• System administrator: Is the person responsible for administration of the entire learning management system (LMS) with below duties: Creation of learning courses, teacher authentication, granting of user ac-
counts, creation of environment, provision of technical support for teachers and learners. The system administrator will have thorough understanding of training program, training management business, good IT skills in general and learning management system administration in particular.
• Teacher: Is the key person to deliver learning courses via the learning management system. Apart from learning activities and materials developed in accordance with predetermined teaching scenarios which simulate the same learning activities as in the conventional face to face teaching method to help learners with their self-learning, the teacher will also work directly with the learning management system functions to set learning orientations, give notices, warnings, evaluation, instructions and support for the learners in a frequent and timely manner.
• Learner: This person holds a central role during E-Learning based teaching process. Learning courses need to be designed as such to allow learners to take the central role. During learning process, the learners will accomplish learning activities in accordance with the designed teaching scenarios and take lead in exploring new knowledge and skills from the courses. Besides, the learners will also be provided with instructions and support when needed or given chance to participate in discussions and sharing via the online cooperation functionality.
— IT enabling infrastructure
• For education institutes:
Will buy or hire sufficiently powerful server to sustain system stable operation in case a large number of teachers and learners access the learning management system at the same time. The server will be installed with the learning management system (LMS) to manage the entire online learning process.
• For teachers and learners:
The IT enabling infrastructure at these colleges merely meets the needs for computer skill practices by the functional departments, using computers of moderate system configurations and performance. Software applications currently installed on these computers at computer skill practice departments are only the basic ones with limited number of licensed specialized IT softwares since they are expensive to buy and costly to maintain. High end equipment such as high performance servers and those used in the laboratories have not been invested properly by the colleges. Furthermore, given current organizational structure at the colleges, the number of IT staff each college is very limited with 1-2 persons in each college.
Given this fact, the establishment and operation of an e-learning based learning management system (LMS) using the existing IT enabling infrastructure for e-learning system will not be feasible since it will require huge investment in making available IT enabling infrastructure and human resources to install, operate and maintain the system. One pressing question for the education colleges to implement and apply the E-learning system is that they will need a LMS that can operate smoothly and meet all actual training needs meanwhile existing IT enabling infrastructure can still be utilized and affordable to the colleges. The application of Cloud-Based Learning Management System will be an excellent answer to such question.
3. Cloud-Based Learning Management System (LMS) solution
3.1. Cloud computing technology. Cloud computing is a term referring to the delivery of all information and technology related services over the Internet, thereby exempting users from making investments in manpower, technologies and infrastructure which are required for system implementation. Thereby, cloud computing helps to minimize deployment costs and time, allowing users of concentrated cloud computing platform to focus their maximum resources on their specialized tasks"
As indicated by reference [4], cloud computing includes three service provision models, depending on specific customers as below:
Infrastructure as a Service: This provides customers with processing resources, storage, network and other basic computer resources. The customers then are able to deploy and run software at their discretion, including operating systems and applications. Customers will not manage or control cloud computing understructure but they do control operating systems, storage and deployed applications and also control to some extent the network components.
Platform as a Service: This provides customers with the capabilities to deploy on the cloud computing infrastructure their own applications by using programmable languages, libraries, services and tools supported by third parties. Users will not need to manage or control cloud computing understructures such as virtual servers, networks, operating system, storage but they are able to do configuration for their application running environment.
Software as a Service: This allows customers to utilize software services provided by the service providers and deployed on the cloud computing infrastructure. Applications can be accessible from different devices via the
thin client interface, for example, a web browser (such as web-based email), or via the program interface. Customers will not manage or control cloud computing under-structures such as networks, servers, operating system, storage, etc. with the exception that they can configure certain user limitation applications.
3.2. Cloud-Based Learning Management System (LMS)
Based on the viewpoints by Dimitris Kaplanis [2], Marie Dufresne [5], Eoghan [3], Caroline [1], we summarize the main advantages of Cloud-Based LMS as below:
— Setup cost saving and quick implementation
When selecting a Cloud-Based LMS, the setup cost
could be significantly reduced since education institutes will not need invest in new servers, infrastructure and equipment, upgradation of operating systems and buying software licenses as they did before for the conventional LMS. Particularly, with free of charge trial offered by many service providers today, education institutes are able to choose the best solution that fits their training needs the most.
— The system is operated, updated and maintained professionally.
With cloud-based LMS, education institutes do not need so many IT staff in their organizations to undertake the operation, update, upgradation and maintenance of their LMS. These tasks will be overtaken by the LMS service providers. The service providers have their own IT staff to undertake the tasks 24/7 hours, making sure software with best service and readiness is delivered to the customers.
Improved information access by users
Cloud-based LMS provides more flexible information access for both learners and teachers. They can have access from any device with Internet access (tablets, laptops or mobile phones, etc.) in order to log in the LMS and perform their tasks. For the learners, they can access their authorized accounts to learn and gain on-the-go knowledge anytime and anywhere. For the teachers, they can easily upload to the system learning contents, provide new learning courses, have discussions with learners and evaluate learning results of the learners, etc.
— Data security
Cloud-based systems shall have high security level to give their customers trust. To ensure data security for their systems, the LMS service providers use various methods to ensure data security for users with separate encoding procedures for data security purpose. They must comply with industrial standards and be subject to frequent independent tests. If a running server fails,
backup servers will immediately take over the ongoing tasks to prevent user service interruptions.
— Cost predictability
There are currently hundreds of LMS service providers who deliver their services at different prices in the market. However, most of the cloud-based LSM service providers deliver a subscriber fee scheme based on the number of users and there is no other cost incurred from system maintenance or upgradation. Education institutes will only pay at the corresponding number of system users, which means it is possible to estimate periodical costs payable for the utilization of the system.
— More data storage space for users
One of the most significant advantages to using a cloud-based LMS is that you won't need to store information on your computer or device. All of the data will be uploaded directly to the LMS, which frees up space on user devices.
Flexibly customizable and scalable
Many cloud-based LMS allows the administrators to make such customizations as: changing program color, templates, turning on and off functions, adjusting icons, themes, etc. to fit with an institutes needs. At the same time, the cloud-based LMS are capable of flexibly and quickly meeting training needs as an education institute has rapidly increasing system users.
4. Pilot application of LMS Edmodo to facilitate training activities at Thai Nguyen College of Education — outcomes.
Figure 2: Edmodo operational interface on mobile devices
4.1. Overview of Edmodo
Edmodo is a cloud-based LMS which connects system members like a social media platform does (similar to Facebook). Found in 2008 by Nic Borg, Jeff O'Hara and Crystal Hutter, after a period of development, Edmodo has now become the world's largest educational social network with more than 76 million users, coming from different countries in the world, with the most from the US and English speaking countries.
4.2. Pilot application of LMS Edmodo to facilitate training activities at Thai Nguyen College of Education
Based on the training needs and research and pilot teaching using various online learning management systems (LMS), starting in school year 2014-2015, our research team decided to use Edmodo as an LMS to integrate online learning into a 2 component learning program: IT application in teaching for Primary Education and Vietnamese language teaching method for Primary Education discipline students at Thai Nguyen College of Education. In the school year 2014-2015, we had applied this for students in the below Primary Education College classes: K13A, K13D. In school year 2015-2016, the below Primary Education College classes: K14A, K14C. Edmodo based online learning process has been implemented in the following steps
Step 1: Establish Edmodo based administrator rights for Thai Nguyen College of Education. Establish Edmodo based teacher accounts. Create virtual classes for corresponding two components: IT application in teaching for Primary Education and Vietnamese Language Teaching Method
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Step 2: Instruct students how to create individual accounts, connect individual accounts with the virtual classes and how to use Edmodo for learning purpose.
Step 3: Deliver learning activities through Edmodo based virtual classes.
During implementation process, we utilized Edo-modo to provide support and manage the learning from home by the students for two components: IT application in teaching for Primary Education and Vietnamese Language Teaching Method Below are the main learning activities implemented in an Edmodo based virtual class:
— Activity 1: Provide students with useful electronic materials as references:
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Figure 4. Teacher sent out video lecture to students for reference
Through the Note function provided by Edmodo, we sent out notes to instruct students on how to get access to the electronic materials namely: E-learning video lectures, material files in.pdf,.ppt format to for student's references, preparation of content before class hours as well as refreshment of skills during home learning. These materials have been carefully selected and therefore they are very useful references for students
— Activity 2: Assign homework, control and evaluate homework result, discuss and answer learning questions by students.
Through the homework assignment function provided by Edmodo: Assignment, Quiz we requested students to complete below homeworks
Figure 5. Teacher assigned homework and requested students to complete and submit homework through the system
+ Brainstorming homeworks using the format to test open knowledge, which normally requires students to present their personal comments and viewpoints on certain knowledge based subject matter. — Lesson plan preparation A kind of homework that involves all teaching skills and knowledge and is obligatory and critical to any teaching student. Open homework of this kind, after being completed and submitted online through Edmodo system, will help maximize student ability to conduct own recherches and creative competence.
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Figure 6. Teaching practice video recording submitted by students to teacher though the Edmodo system
+ A kind of homework that requires students to complete laboratory skill tests and submit Video file format deliverables to the teacher.
With Edmodo, the teacher requested students to conduct on their own one hour teaching session and record (or ask a classmate to record) it using personal smart phone and then send the video via the Edmodo for the teacher's evaluation. In real implementation, students were very interested in this method. Students formed into groups of 3 to 5 to give comments and help each other when they did their homework. They then uploaded deliverables to the Youtube.com, and then get and send the file link to the teacher. In order to successfully record one hour teaching session, every student has to prepare carefully, from lesson planning, teaching facilities and dress to getting teaching and lecturing skills ready. Therefore, in completing a recording of one hour teaching session, students will have to prepare knowledge and practice their skills many times.
+ For multiple choice homework, For the learners, doing multiple choice homework over the Internet is really more interesting than manually doing it on paper previously. This helps to provide students with improved self-promotion and self-learning attitude. For the teachers, this saves much of time for the teacher to evaluate and score multiple choice homework. With Edmodo, a summary of the correct/incorrect answers of each student against respective questions, number of students with high scores or same score, etc. will be automatically calculated and generated by the system which makes its easy for the teachers to evaluate the student performance. After receiving the scores given by the system, the students will be able to view in detail their homework
result, number of incorrect and correct choices and the final answers for respective questions. Combined with the comments given by the teachers, the students will be able to understand their strengths and weaknesses in their knowledge.
+ Homework submission deadline management
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Figure 7. Homework submission deadline management interface
For the Assignment, Quiz. homework In uploading to the system to give access to the students, the teachers may customize homework submission deadline based on real time clock. As the deadline is over, the system will automatically lock up the homework and give notice to those students with late submissions. This is a very useful functionality provided by Edmodo system, which helps the teachers to effectively manage homework submission deadline. For all virtual classes on the Edmodo system, as the homework is uploaded, the students will receive a notice telling them requirements and submission deadline. On deadline homework submissions will be evaluated and receive comments. In contrast, late homework submissions will not be accepted and the system will send a notice to the teachers. With the homework deadline management function, the teachers will give direct warnings and reminder to the students. Experience shows that students if receiving early warnings have better attitude and become more active in next homework assignments.
Activity 3: Students prepare learning content before class hours
Through the Edmodo system, questions for discussions — a kind of learning content — together with other important reference materials are uploaded to the virtual classes as an obligatory part of the learning course. The students therefore become more active and interested in content preparation and helping to improve learning performance in next class sessions. Topics for discussion as homework are also assigned to the stu-
dents to complete and upload to the system before each class session. The teachers on the other hand only supervise this activity instead of directly involving in. Student teams carry out question and answer session, give comments and evaluate the answers on their own. Upon lecture completion, other student teams give comments based on the predefined criteria namely content, format and delivery style, etc. of the lecturing team. Cross team comments will help students understand strengths and weaknesses in their team lecture and draw lessons for the next one.
As shown by our statistics, in the first month of Edmodo system pilot application for existing conventional class, 15.7% of the students of subject IT application in teaching for Primary Education had read teacher's requirements from Edmodo system and prepared themselves before class hours, whole the same figure of 17.3% was saw among the students of the subject Vietnamese Language Teaching Method. However, after a period of frequent check and giving warnings to students, the results recored in the 3rd month of Edmodo system pilot application were very promising. 82.5% of students of subject IT application in teaching for Primary Education had studied and prepared learning contents before class hours meanwhile the same figure for the other subject is also very positive: 84.8%
4.3. Overall performance evaluation of Edmodo system pilot implementation
After a period of Edmodo system pilot implementation, we have made evaluations over the LMS as below:
— Advantages: Totally free of charge use; No administrator is required to operate and maintain the system; No limit for the number of teacher and student users. Edmodo is very fast setup and startup of a virtual class; User friendly interface.; Flexible access from different devices and high system stability; Strict connectivity management; Huge online storage space, flexible connection to many useful cloud-based tools namely Microsoft 365 and Google Driver. Integrated Microsoft Office online; Testing, evaluation and monitoring of learning performance of the students become easier with useful tools: Assignment, Quiz, Poll, Gradebook and Badges, etc.
— Disadvantages: System does not support SCORM standard; The Poll is still simple; The system only supports simple interface customization (color change)
— Student feedbacks
Feedback collection has been organized among the students in classes with Edmodo system pilot implementation. We obtained the results as below:
No. Survey content Total number of students Student feedbacks
Agree Disagree
Quantity Percent-age% Quantity Percent-age%
1 Edmodo has user friendly interface 152 148 97.4 4 2.6
2 The use of Edmodo system for testing and evaluation of student learning performance ensures equal and unbiased results 152 143 94.1 9 5.9
3 The use of Edmodo system makes students feel more interested in learning as compared with conventional learning method. 152 146 96.1 6 3.9
4 Edmodo assisted learning helps students have better learning performance 152 147 96.7 5 3.3
Statistics show that: Most of students feel interested in using Edmodo system as well as the benefits brought about by Edmodo for their learning. For Disagree feedbacks (accounting for small percentage), after conducting further interviews, we found that this was attributable to poor IT skills among some students which makes its less effective in the utilization and looking for learning reference materials, doing tests through the Ed-modo system. To tackle this limitation, we will provide additional training for the students to improve their IT skills in the coming time.
Based on the above statistics analysis, it could be concluded that a Cloud-Based Learning Management System like Edmodo is a perfect choice for implementation to facilitate the online training at Thai Nguyen College of Education.
5. Conclusion
With many superior functionalities, the application of a cloud-based LMS — Edmodo in this case, to facilitate online training at education colleges has initially shown promising benefits, ranging from economic viability, high system performance to innovative roles of teachers and students, new learning material delivery approach, way of organizing class activities and testing and evaluation of learning performance of learners. If properly selected and operated, cloud-based LMS could become a feasible solution to facilitate online training at not only education colleges but also universities and colleges across the country.
References:
1. Caroline (2014), Top 5 benefits of cloud-based Learning Management Systems: URL: https://www.learnupon. com/benefits-of-cloud-based-learning-management-systems/
2. Dimitris Kaplanis (2014), 8 Top Benefits of Using a Cloud-based LMS URL: https://elearningindustry. com/8-top-benefits-of-using-a-cloud-based-lms
3. Eoghan (2017), Benefits of a cloud-based Learning Management System: URL: https://www.learnupon. com/benefits-cloud-based-lms/
4. Huynh Quyet Thang (main author) (2014), Cloud Computing Textbook, Hanoi University of Technology Publishing House
5. Marie Dufresne (2016), 8 Benefits of Using a Cloud-Based LMS URL: http://www.skillbuilderlms.com/cloud-based-lms-benefits/
6. Noodle (2015), The 32 Most Innovative Online Educational Tools to Use in — 2015, URL: https://www.noodle. com/articles/32-innovative-online-tools-to-use-in-2015
