CC BY
0UDC 616.314.002.053.
"CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF ODONTOGENIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION IN CHILDREN"
SULEIMENOVA AYAULYM DANIYAROVNA, TURSYN ADEMA AZATKYZY
Students of the School of Dentistry of the Non-commercial Joint Stock Company «Karaganda Medical University» Karaganda, Kazakhstan
UMIRBEKOVNA ALMAGUL BIRMUKHANOVA Assistant at the School of Dentistry of the Non-commercial Joint Stock Company «Karaganda
Medical University»
Annotation. The study focuses on the prevalence and structure of odontogenic inflammatory diseases in children of the Karaganda region from 2019 to 2023. It highlights a high incidence of dental conditions, particularly in younger age groups (3-6 and 7-11 years). The research identifies acute odontogenic osteomyelitis and odontogenic phlegmon as the most common diseases in this population. Urban children exhibited higher treatment rates, though severe cases like odontogenic phlegmon and abscess were more frequent in rural areas. Key risk factors include the absence of primary prevention programs, complications from untreated caries, and geographic location. The study recommends implementing antenatal prophylaxis, primary prevention, timely dental interventions, and oral hygiene education to reduce disease rates.
Keywords: odontogenic inflammatory diseases, maxillofacial region, children, Karaganda, prevalence, risk factors, primary prevention, acute odontogenic osteomyelitis, dental caries, urban and rural incidence, public health.
Introduction
High prevalence of dental diseases in the RK (according to WHO data, caries incidence is 75%), loss of dental preventive priority in the republic in significantly aggravates the socio-economic significance of this problem. In this regard, the retrospective clinical and epidemiologic analysis of the prevalence of dental diseases of the BFD, identification of development risks and on their basis recommendations for preventive measures in the region are relevant to reduce the incidence of dental diseases in children.
Purpose of the study - analysis of the prevalence and structure of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region in children of Karaganda region for the period 2019-2023.
Objectives of the study:
1. To study the prevalence and determine the structure of odontogenic inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region in children of Karaganda region for the period 2019-2023.
2. Identify groups and risk factors for the development of odontogenic diseases of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region in children of the Karaganda region.
Study design:
Phase I
• Clinical and epidemiologic analysis of inpatient medical records of 426 children from 1 to 17 years of age
• Criteria for inclusion: medical histories of children of both sexes from 1 to 17 years of age with disabilities of the CHD
• Exclusion criteria: case histories of children with concomitant pathology of internal organs and systems in the exacerbation stage.
Phase II
• information gathering and processing about the HIA of the CHLO for the period 2019-2023.
• age and gander analysis of HIAs in the PHCs
• analysis of the HIAs children with disabilities by place of residence
• analysis of disabilities of the BFFs by nosological forms
• analysing the risks of development of HIAs in PHLOs.
Results of the study
1. In the period 2019-2023, 426 children were on inpatient treatment in the maxillofacial department of the multidisciplinary hospital named after Prof. H.J. Makazhanov. There is a tendency of growth in the number of patients with disorders with the highest number of children receiving inpatient treatment in 2023.
2. A total of 426 children aged 1-2 years - 39 (9.2%); 3-6 years - 155 (36.4%); 7-11 years - 160 (37.5%); 12-17 years - 72 (16.9%) were treated in the maxillofacial department of the multidisciplinary hospital named after Prof. H.J. Makazhanov during the period 2019-2023. The study revealed in the structure of HIA of the BSL that in all periods of observation, the highest number of sick children is found in the age category of 3-6 years (36.4%) and 7-11 years (37.5%).
Age data for the period 2019-2023.
звание оси 112 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
L
H m ■ — _1
2019 г. 2020 г. 2021 г. 2022 г. 2023 г. ИТОГО
x 1-3 years old 6 S 4 12 9 39
Ages 3-6 З6 27 23 21 4S 155
Ages 7-11 З0 27 42 24 37 160
-12-17 years old 12 10 9 12 29 72
3. For the period 2019-2023, children from rural areas - 152 (35.7%), from the city - 274 (64.3%) were treated in the maxillofacial department of the multidisciplinary hospital named after Prof. H.J. Makazhanov in Karaganda; thus, more urban children were on inpatient treatment than children from rural areas by 28.6%.
DATA FOR THE PERIOD 20192023, DEPENDING ON THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE
400
s 200
u 0
0 0
LU
1 Village
8 City <
2019 г. 30 54
2020 г. 28 44
2021 г. 26 52
2022 г. 23 46
2023 г. 45 78
ИТОГО 152 274
4. In the maxillofacial department of the multidisciplinary hospital named after Prof. H.J. Makazhanov for the period 2019-2023 received treatment for male children - 233 (54.7%); female children - 193 (45.3%). The incidence of BFD in males was higher in all follow-up periods, on average by 9.4%.
80 § 60 с 40 I 20 £ 0
m го
М Ж
Data for the period 2019-2023 by gender
la la ai ll
2019 г. 44 40
2020 г. 39 33
2021 г. 47 31
2022 г. 33 36
2023 г. 70 53
5. The data on the structure of HIA of PFO for the period 2019-2023 (acute purulent periostitis - 64 (15%), acute odontogenic osteomyelitis - 178 (41.8%), odontogenic abscess - 28 (6.6%), odontogenic phlegmon - 156 (36.6%). Thus, among the nosological forms of acute respiratory trauma of the maxillofacial region the main share falls on acute odontogenic osteomyelitis - 178 (41.8%).
Data on nosological forms for the period 2019-2023.
s
и
о a>
200 150 100
x 50 m io 0 m m m ш Я m ñ я _ _ L ■ ШЛ
2019 г. 2020 г. 2021 г. 2022 г. 2023 г. ИТОГО
■ Acute purulent periostitis 1 0 0 10 53 64
Acute odontogenic osteomyelitis. 34 39 43 33 29 178
■ Odontal abscess. 12 5 3 3 5 28
■ Odontal phlegmon. 37 28 32 23 36 156
Groups and risk factors for the development of HIA of the PNP and preventive measures to the risks
Factors and risk groups for the development of disabilities of the BFFs:
• Lack of a primary prevention program for dental diseases; Complications of dental caries.
• Territorial; Ages; Temporary Preventive measures to the HIA of the CHL.
• Antenatal prophylaxis; Primary prevention methods; scheduled oral hygiene
• Timely elimination of chronic foci of infections; thorough oral hygiene care. Conclusion
1. Acute odontogenic osteomyelitis (41.8%) and odontogenic phlegmon (36.6%) are prevalent in the structure of acute diseases of the BFFs, acute purulent periostitis (15%) and odontogenic abscess (6.6%) are less common. The prevalence of TMD in general is 28.6% higher in urban areas, but the prevalence of odontogenic phlegmon and odontogenic abscess is 2.2 times higher in rural areas.
2. groups and risk factors for the development of complications of TMD of BFD were identified: territorial - remoteness of the place of residence; age - 3-6 years, 7-11 years; time risks -late treatment and diagnosis of TMD of BFD of BFD, lack of a program of primary prevention of dental diseases, caries complications.
3. effective preventive measures to reduce the identified risks of HIA of the BFF are antenatal prophylaxis, methods of primary prevention, planned sanitation and timely elimination of chronic foci of infection, careful observance of oral hygiene.
USED LITERATURE
1. Petersen, P. E., & Ogawa, H. (2012). Strengthening the prevention of periodontal disease: the WHO approach. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 40(s2), 98-107.
2. Al-Mendalawi, M. D. (2019). Epidemiology of dental caries in children. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 20(1), 109-114.
3. Kim, S. G., & Jang, H. S. (2015). Odontogenic infections in children: a clinical study. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 41(5), 270-277.
4. Al-Malik, M. I., & Al-Sarheed, M. A. (2017). Patterns of odontogenic infection in children at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(8), 842-846.
5. Kidd, E. A. M., & Fejerskov, O. (2016). Dental Caries: The Disease and its Clinical Management. 3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
