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Boboev D.Sh. assistant
Department of "Cargo transportation systems " Tashkent State Transport University Uzbekistan, Tashkent Bozorov R.Sh. assistant
Department of "Cargo transportation systems" Tashkent State Transport University Uzbekistan, Tashkent Shermatov E.S. assistant
Department of "Cargo transportation systems" Tashkent State Transport University Uzbekistan, Tashkent
CHOOSE TYPES OF TRANSPORT AND IMPROVE THEIR COOPERATION IN THE PROCESS OF DELIVERY OF CARGO
Annotation: The article shows the types of transport during the delivery of goods, their current transport status and the selection of optimal options for quality service methods during delivery after receipt of products. Factors that cause long-term delays in the delivery of goods have been identified, and measures and proposals have been developed to eliminate them. In addition, the process of cargo delivery was analyzed and proposals were made for the construction of common logistics centers that will serve all modes of transport to ensure the cooperation of modes of transport in overcoming the shortcomings of the existing system.
Keywords: Types of transport, delivery of goods, forms of transportation, cargo turnover, economic indicators, transport status, general logistics center, unified transport policy, control in the field of transport, single purpose, single transport document.
Nowadays, the need for transportation for passengers and carriers around the world is increasing day by day. To meet this demand, additional measures are being developed and implemented in each mode of transport. [1]
The Ministry of Transport is the working body for the development and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of development of cooperation between road, rail, air and river transport. Implementation of a single tariff policy in the field of transport by the Ministry of Transport to the relevant organizations on modes of transport; development of proposals for the development of international transport corridors, improvement of the logistics system and reduction of costs for business entities in the use of transport and
logistics services; development of a unified state transport policy; control in the field of transport; A number of key tasks have been assigned, such as ensuring the national interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the world market of transport services. Performing these tasks makes the work of transport users much easier.
Carrying out operations for the transportation of goods in different types of transport, taking into account the technical and economic characteristics, will further increase efficiency.
An important part of logistics operations on the material flow route is carried out using various means of transport. The most important aspects for customers using transportation are that the right amount of goods can be transported to the right point, at the right time, with the optimal route and the lowest cost.
When choosing a mode of transport for the transport of a particular product, information about the characteristics of different types of transport is collected and transportation processes are organized. The disadvantages and advantages of road, rail, water, pipeline and air transport will be analyzed from a logistical point of view and the choice of mode of transport will be considered.
The issue of choosing the type of transport is solved in connection with the organization and maintenance of the most convenient level of logistics stocks, the choice of type of packaging and wrapping, and other similar issues.
Transport participates in various technological processes, performs the functions of the logistics system and acts as an independent transport sector of logistics. If we look at the statistics, we can see that the volume of cargo and cargo turnover in our country is growing from year to year (Table 1). Given the analysis of freight flow growth, it is important to improve modern transportation methods to meet the demand for vehicles.
Economic growth indicators Unit of measurement 2016 2020 2025 2030
Cargo volumes in all modes of transport mln.t 1603,5 1841 2132 2797
For examples :
car 1473,7 1680 1949 2570
air 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,07
PiPe 62,2 80 95 105
railway 67,6 81 88 122
In it:
- cal mln.t 3,7 5,5 6,6 7,8
- oil loads 10,7 12,8 14,8 16,3
- ferrous metal, ore 7,2 7,6 8,4 9,7
- mineral fertilizers 4,4 5,5 7,2 9
building materials 10 12,8 14 16
- cement 5,5 6 7,6 10
- forest loads 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,02
- raw cotton and fiber 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
grain and cereals 1,3 1,8 2,4 3,6
other cargo 24,3 28,7 26,5 49,1
Freight turnover performed on all modes of transport bilion. tkm 88 106 128 162
»yM^agaH:
car 36 40,7 47,6 57,5
air 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
pipe 28,9 37 50 55
railway 22,9 28 30 34
Table 1. Analysis of load current growth.
Eapna TpaHcnopT Tvpnapiifla TainimraH iok x,a:acMJiapii, MÜH T
2030 ■
2025 ■
2020 ■
2016 1
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
TCMIip nyn ■ KyByp 1 ■ xap.o ■ a BTOMO oiiji
Figure 1. Analysis of cargo volumes in all modes of transport, mln.t..
TCMiip iivji ■ icy By p ■ x,aBO
Figure 2. Cargo turnover analysis, bln.tkm.
Figure 3. Most transported cargo
If we pay attention to the above data, the largest part of the volume of transported cargoes constitutes the main branches of industry. Consequently, the unsatisfied demand for cargo transportation has a negative impact on the country's economy. Passenger and cargo transportation is carried out by different types of transport, which work together in a single destination.
In the current period of deep and large-scale economic reforms in Uzbekistan, the transport sector is becoming increasingly important. The main
task of transport is to fully meet all the needs of the population and economic entities for transportation, timely and quality transportation, ensuring the efficient and regular operation of the transport system. [2]
Transport, especially railway transport, plays a very important role in the life of any society and remains one of the key factors in shaping its state borders, domestic and foreign markets. Transport unites all sectors of the economy, production and economic sectors
Railway and road transport are the leaders in terms of freight traffic by modes of transport. With this in mind, it is important to make effective use of the advantages of railway and road transport and to overcome the existing shortcomings.
Compared to other modes of transport, railways have less negative impact on the environment and energy consumption of transport operations is low. At the same time, the share of fuel, depreciation costs, taxes and fees in the cost structure is several times higher, and the share of drivers' wages, which is the most effective means of incentives, is less than 3 times. [3]
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of modes of transport.
Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of modes of transport, all modes of transport have advantages and disadvantages over other modes of transport in certain categories.
The distribution of transport operations between modes of transport depends on many factors, the availability of this mode of transport in the regions and their feasibility.
The cost of transportation, the need for capital investment, the quality, speed, regularity, convenience of transportation, maintenance of cargo status, carrying capacity, labor productivity, metal and fuel consumption are of great importance.
The cost of transportation by rail is low, 3-5 times lower than by road and 12-15 times lower than by air. Compared to other modes of transport, railways have less negative impact on the environment, ecological situation and energy consumption of the transportation process. The speed of transporting goods over short distances by road is much higher than that of transporting goods by rail and water. The cost of developing waterways is very low, and the carrying capacity and capacity of watercraft is very large.
One of the important features of air transport is the ability to quickly establish regular connections between the desired routes along the shortest and most direct route. The initial capital expenditure on pipeline transport is about twice as low as on road and rail. As with other modes of transport, there will be no loss of cargo and no waste. The load capacity of the pipes is very large, and in practice the amount of oil pumped through the pipes of 720-820 mm is equal to the capacity of single-track railways. [4]
One of the most pressing issues today is to ensure their interoperability by taking full advantage of the advantages of each mode of transport. Fulfillment of these tasks will create great opportunities for meeting the needs of passengers, providing them with convenience and overcoming the existing problems in the transportation of goods.
In short, the logistics center for the selection of the type of transport should have information on the technical and economic characteristics of different modes of transport and the availability of a single operator for the transport process, a single transport document, a single tariff rate, the central scheme of the series participants should ensure uniform and high responsibility for the load. To overcome the above-mentioned problems and ensure the cooperation of modes of transport, it is necessary to build common logistics centers that will serve all modes of transport.
References:
1. "Analysis of the efficient use of wagons in the process of delivery of goods by rail" / Shikhnazarov J.A. , Boboev D.Sh.. // Academic Research in Educational Sciences. 05.2021 й. 210-216 бет. [1]
2. K. Turanov, A. Gordienko, S. Saidivaliev, S. Djabborov. Movement of the wagon on the marshalling hump under the impact of air environment and tailwind. E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 164, 03041 (2020). [2]
3. O.S. Turdimatov, Z.G. Mukhamedova. Legal basis of efficient use of wagons. (Monograph) Publishing House "Main Library of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan" Tashkent, 2017, 200 pages. [3]
4. Shorustamov A.SH., Qobulov J.R. and others. "Fundamentals of Railway Transport" T., "Science and Technology", 2019. [4]
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6. www.lex.uz. - National database of legislation of the Republuc of Uzbekistan.
7. www.uzrailway.uz.
