CHIZMACHILIK DARSLARIDA INTERFAOL METODLAR QO‘LLAB O‘QUVCHILARINING FAOLLIGINI OSHIRISH Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

CHIZMACHILIK DARSLARIDA INTERFAOL METODLAR QO'LLAB O'QUVCHILARINING FAOLLIGINI OSHIRISH

Madinaxon Xotamovna Nasirova

Toshkent shahar Chilonzor tumani 162-maktab oliy toifali o'qituvchisi

ANNOTATSIYA

Maqolada chizmalarni chizish va ularni turli usullar bilan o'qish hamda ularga didaktiv yondashish, o'quvchilarning chizmachilikdan olayotgan bilim, ko'nikmalarini tekshirish, dars jarayonida ularning faolligini oshirish maqsadida o'qitishning zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalaridan foydalanish uslublari bo'yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Kalit so'zlar: innovatsiya, texnologiya, chizmachilik, makon, fazo, shakl, konstruktsiya, tatbiq etish, uzluksizlik, samaradorlik, evristik o'qitish texnologiyasi, grafik savodxonlik.

INCREASING STUDENT ACTIVITY BY USING INTERACTIVE METHODS

IN DRAWING CLASSES

Madinakhon Khotamovna Nasirova

Teacher of the highest category of school 162, Chilanzar district, Tashkent

ABSTRACT

This article includes the modern technology of learning the subject of drawing. As well as the didactic approach to drawings, testing of knowledge and skills, students on the subject of drawing, gives guidelines on how to use modern pedagogical technologies and teaching methods in order to increase the activity of students during classes on the subject of drawing

Keywords: innovation, technology, drawing, space, the form, design, introduction, receivership, heuristic learning technology, graphic literacy.

KIRISH

Ta'lim-tarbiya jarayoniga innovatsion yondashish o'quvchilarda yangi tajriba egallashga intilishni rivojlantiriah, ijodkorlik va tanqidiy fikrlashni ular ongiga singdirish, tafakkur qilish orqali zamonaviy fikrlash, kelajakka intilishni tarbiyalash tushuniladi1. Hozirgi kunda ta'lim jarayonida o'qitishning zamonaviy metodlari keng

1 N.X.Gulomova, D.A.Yuldasheva Chizmachilik (umumiy o'rta ta'lim maktablari uchun metodik qo'llanma) -T.: "Zuxra baraka biznes" 2017, 8 bet

qo'llanilmoqda. O'qitishning zamonaviy metodlarini qo'llash o'qitish jarayonida yuqori samaradorlikka erishishga olib keladi. Bu metodlarni har bir darsning didaktik vazifasidan kelib chiqib, o'rganib tanlash maqsadga muvofiq bo'ladi. An'anaviy darsni saqlab qolgan holda uni o'quvchilar faoliyatini faollashtiradigan turli-xil metodlar bilan boyitish o'quvchilarning o'zlashtirish darajasi o'sishiga olib keladi.

ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI VA METODOLOGIYA

Interfaol («Inter» - bu uzaro, «act» - xarakat qilmoq) - o'zaro xarakat qilmoq yoki kim bilandir suxbat, muloqot tartibida bulishni anglatadi. Boshqacha so'z bilan aytganda, o'qitishning interfaol uslubiyotlari - bilish va kommunikativ faoliyatni tashkil etishning maxsus shakli bo'lib, unda ta'lim oluvchilar bilish jarayoniga jalb qilingan bo'ladilar, ular biladigan va o'ylayotgan narsalarni tushunish va fikrlash imkoniyatiga ega bo'ladilar.

Ta'lim amaliyotida foydalanilayotgan har bir interfaol metodni sinchiklab o'rganish va amalda qo'llash o'quvchilarning fikrlashini kengaytiradi hamda muammoning to'g'ri yechimini topishlariga ijobiy ta'sir ko'rsatadi. O'quvchilarning ijodkorligini va faolligini oshiradi [1-6]. Turli xil nazariy va amaliy muammolar interfaol metodlar orqali tahlil etilganda o'quvchilarning bilim, ko'nikma, malakalari kengayishi va chuqurlashishiga erishiladi.

MUHOKAMA

O'quvchilarni chizmalarni o'qishga o'rgatishni tezlashtirish uchun quyida, didaktikali innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalar taklif etiladi. Ushbu taklif etilayotgan interfaol metodlar bir mavzudan ikkinchi mavzuga, bitta grafik tushunchani ikkinchisiga o'tishni ta'minlaydi [7-16]. Mavzularni osonroq va chuqurroq egallashga yordam beradi hamda o'quvchilarni dars jarayonini diqqat bilan kuzatishga undaydi. Bunda o'quvchilarning psixik o'zgarishlariga mos turli innovatsion didaktik metodlarni qo'llab, ko'zlangan natijalarga erishish mumkin. Fanlarni o'qitish jarayonida interfaol metodlardan foydalanish o'ziga xos xususiyatga ega.

1 - misol. Kim tez o'qiydi va chiza oladi3.

O'yinning sharti. Detaining bitta ko'rinishi orqali qolgan ko'rinishlarini shartli belgilar yordamida o'qish va chizish.

Maqsad. O'quvchilarga chizmachilikda qo'llanadigan shartli belgilar orqali detalning shaklini tasavvur qilishni o'rgatish va ularning chizmalarini o'qish kompetentlilikni rivojlantirish.

2 HmMyxaMegoB P. A6gyKogHpoB A. napgaeB A. TatnHMga ннновацнон TexHonoraanap (TaMHM Myaccacanapn negaror-yKHTyBHHnapH ynyH aManHH TaBCHanap).-T.: Hcretgog, 2008.- 15 6.

3 N.X.Gulomova, D.A.Yuldasheva Chizmachilik (umumiy o'rta ta'lim maktablari uchun metodik qo'llanma) -T.: "Zuxra baraka biznes" 2017, 56 bet

Jihozlar. O'yin qatnashchilarining hammasiga yetarli tarqatma materiallar va plakat. O'quvchilarga ko'maklashish maqsadida chizilgan 1.1-chizma plakat.

1.1- chizma

O'yinning tafsiloti. O'qituvchi tarqatma materiallarni o'quvchilarga bittadan berib chiqqandan keyin, detalning bitta ko'rinishi tasvirlangan chizmani ko'rsatib, "Uning ustdan ko'rinishini shartli belgilar yordamida chizasizlar" deb ta'kidlaydi, ya'ni ko'rsatma beradi. Agar o'quvchilar masala shartini bajarishda qiynalishsalar, o'qituvchi oldindan chizib qo'yilgan 1.1 - chizmadagi misolni sinf doskasiga ilib qo'yadi va bir oz o'tgandan keyin uni olib qo'yadi.

Eslatma. O'yinni plakat-chizma orqali o'tkazsa ham bo'ladi. Buning uchun plakat-chizmada tarqatma materiallardagi bitta ko'rinishdagi chizmalar kattalashtirib bajariladi hamda ularga mos keladigan ustdan ko'rinishlari chizilgan ko'rinishlar bajarilib, aralashtirib qo'yiladi. O'quvchilardan birini taklif qilib aralashtirib qo'yilgan chizmalar ichidan tanlangan detalning ustdan ko'rinishini topish so'raladi. O'yin shu tartibda davom ettiriladi [17-24].

NATIJA

O'yin shartini tez bajargan o'quvchilar rag'batlantiriladi va yo'l qo'yilgan xatolar haqida va uni bartaraf etish yo'llarini aytadi.

Interfaol metodlar tashkil etilgan dars jarayonida quyidagi ijobiy holatlar vujudga keladi:

• xotira va diqqatning uzviy aloqadorligi oshadi;

• o'quvchining o'quv materiallariga va chizmachilik faniga qiziqishi ortadi;

• o'quvchi bilan o'qituvchi orasida muloqot tezlashadi;

• o'quvchilaming o'zaro xarakati tezlashadi; XULOSA

O'qituvchi o'quvchilarning psixologiyasiga aynan interfaol metodlardan foydalanib darslarni tashkillashtirsa, har bir darsida ko'zlagan maqsadiga erishishi mumkin. Bordiyu bu ishga loqaydlik bilan qarab mashqlarni sust va zavqsiz o'tkazsa, o'quvchilarning qiziqishi yo'qoladi [25-30].

Interfaol metodlar qo'llanilishidan maqsad shundaki, bunda o'quvchilarning o'tilgan mavzularni oson o'zlashtiradi va ta'lim jarayonining faol ishtirokchisiga aylanadi.

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