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9seng Rb1 in Alzheimer 's Disease Rat Model by comparing the Morris water maze learning and memory behavior of the rat model of ventricle injection of AP1-42 with the group with administration of ginseng Rb15.
Effects on AP production. To detect AP accumulation, a cell-based model system was used to the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line, in which human APP 695wt was transfected. Chen et al. proved that some gin-senosides, with a dose-dependent manner, reduced the concentration of AP in the culture supernatant6.
Effectsoncholinergicsystem.InPC12cells,Xueetal.haveshownthatRb1andRg1increasedthereleaseofneurotransmitters by means of regulating the phosphorylation of synaptophysins in PKA-dependent and independent ways, respectively7.
In summary, ginseng and ginsenosides have many effects to the central nervous system which closely related to Alzheimer's disease. Due to the multi-target effect of ginseng and ginsenosides, they have become the ideal candidates for the treatment of AD. Nowadays, here are already many prescriptions have been applied to the study of Alzheimer's disease. Kai-Xin-San(KXS)8 and Sheng-Mai-San(SMS)9, which have been shown to take ginseng as the main drug, have been wildly used in the study of AD and have achieved encouraging results.
References:
1. Van G V, An S S. Emergence of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease[J]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2016, 360:141-152.
2. Zhidong Liu, Aihua Zhang, Hui Sun, Ying Han, Ling Kong, Xijun Wang. Two decades of new drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease. RSC Advances.2016 Dec 16;1-4.
3. Tohda C, Matsumoto N, Zou K, et al. Abeta(25-35)-induced memory impairment, axonal atrophy, and synaptic loss are ameliorated by M1, A metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type saponins.[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2004, 29(5):860.
4. Tu L H, Jie M, Liu H P, et al. The neuroprotective effects ofginsenosides on calcineurin activity and tau phosphorylation in SY5Y cells.[J]. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2009, 29(8):1257-1264.
5. Wang Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, et al. Anti-neuroinflammation effect of ginsenoside Rbl in a rat model of Alzheimer disease[J]. Neuroscience Letters, 2011, 487(1):70.
6. Chen F, Eckman E A, Eckman C B. Reductions in levels of the Alzheimer's amyloid P peptide after oral administration of ginse-nosides[J]. Faseb Journal, 2006, 20(8):1269-71.
7. Xue J F, Liu Z J, Hu J F, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 promotes neurotransmitter release by modulating phosphorylation of synapsins through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway.[J]. Brain Research, 2006, 1106(1):91.
8. Chu H, Zhang A, Han Y, et al. Metabolomics approach to explore the effects of Kai-Xin-San on Alzheimer's disease using UPLC/ ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2016, 1015-1016:50.
9. Lu S, Han Y, Chu H, Kong L, Zhang A, Yan G, Sun H, Wang P, Wang X. Characterizing serum metabolic alterations of Alzheimer's disease and intervention of Shengmai-San by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. [J]. Food Funct, 2017 Apr 5.
CHINMEDOMICS IN PRECISION TREATMENT OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Honglian Zhang, Hui Sun, Xiaohang Zhou, Xijun Wang*
Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China. E-mail:
Abstract Syndrome differentiation is the basic method of Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment and symptom is basis of syndrome differentiation in the framework of holistic view, which provides flexible treatment for different person with the aid of TCM diagnosis and treatment. And the individualized administration is consistent with requirements of clinical precision treatment. However, the fuzziness of TCM syndromes greatly reduces the accuracy of TCM treatment. How to explore the nature of the disease, to achieve precise prevention and precise treatment becomes a hot topic, which is eager to have its own research methods and technical systems in line with its own characteristics. In 2012, Mr. Wang put forward methodology named Chinmedomics that can be used as a link between traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical science. Chinmedomics provides an effective way for accurate diagnosis and accurate evaluation of formula effectiveness by discovering syndrome biomarkers based on technical research. Finally, precise prevention and precise treatment can be achieved.
Key words: Chinmedomics, Precision Medicine, precise prevention, precise treatment
Introduction "Precision Medicine" (PM) program has become the focus of global attention, the majority of researchers and doctors to support it, and the core is precision. [1] The goal of individualized treatment plan proposed by TCM is also in order to achieve accurate and effective prevention as well as precise treatment. [2] As an applied science that integrates both the theory and technology from systems biology and serum pharmaceutical chemistry, Chinmedomics can identify syndrome biomarkers and establish effective formula evaluation system, and simultaneously find pharmacodynamic substance basis. [3] Utilization of Chinmedomics can effectively reveal the biological markers, which improves the scientific value of Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice by revealing the common clinical syndromes and formula as well as promoting the accurate diagnosis and clinical treatment experience. [4]
1. To provide scientific basis for accurate prevention Theory of preventive treatment is an important principle of TCM. The basic principles include prevention before disease onset, disease prevention, preventing disease from exacerbating and prevention of disease repetition defense complex. It would be effective to combine traditional medicine with modern technology that assists in finding the representative biomarkers of disease according to the occurrence and development of disease before or after the lesion. Then, scientific prevention or early intervention can be done to achieve health prevention, control and accurate prevention. Chinmedomics utilizes modern analysis technology and multi component analysis methods to practice systematic study of the trajectory of the occurrence and development of a disease Therefore, the most representative biomarkers can be found and identified, which provides scientific basis for the realization of precise prevention. For example, typical Jaundice syndrome (JS) in patients with liver disease can't be early predicted by conventional method. In contrast, the application of new technology combined with multivariate data analysis methods based on Chinmedomics identified 44 markers contributed on JS and characterize JS progression. [5]
2. To provide the basis for precision therapy Both "differentiation thinking different treatments for same disease" and "same treatment for different diseases" are the treatment of TCM syndrome and the embodiment of the traditional theory of syndrome differentiation, which highlights the advantages of Chinese medicine treatment. The traditional syndrome differentiation is to grasp the essence of the disease from the macroscopic point of view, and to carry out the individualized treatment according to the difference of pathogenesis. Chinmedomics clarifies active substances related to clinical effect by the study on the overall efficacy and material basis for the efficacy of Chinese medicine formula and pharmacodynamic material basis, which provides an effective way to evaluate the effectiveness of TCM. For example, the methods based on Chinmedomics took insight into the metabolic mechanism of scoparone existing in Yinchenhao (Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) on biomarkers for inhibiting Yanghuang syndrome. [6]
PM reflects the people-oriented concept of medical care, colleagues have been speculating about how to apply TCM accurately in the process of individual treatment during clinical practice. Chinmedomics is an important part in the big data era of PM. In the development of TCM accurate treatment, Chinmedomics can play an active role in accurate prevention of disease prediction, diagnosis of "precision therapy" and precise formula to help establish the precise Chinese medical model.
References:
[1] ZHENG Y, QING J, SONG Y, et al. Standardization efforts enabling next-generation sequencing and microarray based biomarkers for precision medicine [J]. Biomarker Med, 2015, 9(11):1265- 1272.
[2] Zhou Y M, Chen Lin, Bo Lin et al. Individualized treatment of Chinese medicine and precision medical treatment,Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2016,57,(12):1073~1077.
[3] Wang X J, Zhang A H, Sun H, et al. Chinmedomics :Newer theory and application. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 2016, 8(4):299-307
[4] Zhang A H, Sun H, Yan g, et al. The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine based evaluation and pharmacodynamics discovery technology. [J]. World science and the modernization of Chinese medicine, 2016, 18 (5): 719-723.
[5] Wang X, Zhang A, Han Y, et al. Urine metabolomics analysis for biomarker discovery and detection of jaundice syndrome in patients with liver disease. Mol Cell Proteomics, 2012, 11(8):370-380.
[6] Fang H, Zhang A, Yu J, et al. Insight into the metabolic mechanism of scoparone on biomarkers for inhibiting Yanghuang syndrome. Sci Rep, 2016, 6: 37519.
THE PROGRESS OF VIRAL MYOCARDITIS ON TREATMENT OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
AND WESTERN MEDICINE
Hongwei Song, GuangLi Yan, Hui Shi, Xijun Wang*
Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China. E-mail:
Abstract Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a kind of limit or diffusivity inflammation of cardiomyopathies related to viral infection, which is one of the diseases that seriously affect people's quality of life.This paper summarized the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis and the progress of Chinese and Western medicine treatment recent years,by comparing the different methods and clinical efficacy of them, highlighting the current advantages and interpret the theoretical basis of Chinese herbal medicines treatment of VMC, in order to provide a reference on preventing and curing VMC and improving the quality of patients with myocarditis.Meanwhile,it also lays the foundation for promoting the modernization and internationalization of Chinese herbal medicines, and finding the possible therapeutic basis of Chinese medicine.
Key words: Viral myocarditis, Chinese and Western treatment, Syndrome Differentiation, Chinmedomics
The concept and mechanism of VMC VMC is an acute and chronic inflammatory reaction caused by viral infection, which occurs in young adults[1]. There are about 30 pathogenic viruses of VMC, of which Coxsackie virus (CVB) is the most common[2], Myocardial cells are infected after a week, autoimmune, cellular immunity and humoral immune response mediated cardiomyocyte damage will mainly destroy the body,and manifest as a wider range of myocardial necrosis and interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, and then cause myocardial cell apoptosis[3].
