CC BY
41Chess training system digitalization process analysis
UDC 796:004
PhD, Associate Professor I.V. Mikhailova1 PhD, Associate Professor M.A. Petrova1 PhD, Associate Professor E.D. Bakulina1 1Russian State Social University, Moscow
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
Objective of the study was to analyze the evolution of digital transformation of the types, tools, and methods of chess training that not only help achieve high sports results but also create, in terms of inclusive environment, effective conditions for the development of a harmoniously developed and socially responsible personality.
Methods and structure of the study. We conducted a content analysis of the decrees, acts and federal laws, regulatory documents of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, the World Chess Federation and the Chess Federation of Russia, the Digital Economy Development Fund, the Center for Strategic and International Studies that regulate the social practice of digitalization of the state sports training system as a key component of management transformation in the physical education and sports domain. We also generalized the first-hand and foreign scientific and practical experience of transformation of the training and competitive activities of chess players with the help of the artificial intelligence, cloud and IT architecture (including cybersecurity). The study was conducted at the premises of the Russian State Social University and other sports institutions.
Results and conclusions. The periodization of digital transformation of the chess training system based on the structural changes was presented. It should be noted that the explosive growth of digital transformation over the past twenty years has radically transformed the system of sports training in terms of all its components. Digital transformation of sports training based on the information and communication technologies, use of the synergistic potential of the artificial intelligence, cloud and information and communication architecture in achieving the necessary level of cybersecurity of the training outcome, which successfully implements a socio-educational function, makes it possible to unlock the intellectual and activity potential of a chess player, transform it into a sports result, and strengthen the image of chess sport.
Keywords: chess sport, digital transformations, artificial intelligence (AI), digitalization, ^ess training system, information and communication technologies, computerized learning.
Background. Modern chess training system may be defined as the complex multisided service determined by the sport positioning, national traditions and national and global progress trends. Presidential Decree "On the national progress goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" mentions digital transformations in the national economy and social sector including health, sports and education systems and ranks them among the key policy priorities [6]. It may be pertinent to consider at this juncture, in the context of the mainstream national polices and modern global
chess movement progress trends, the recent landslide advancement of the digital transformations in chess sport [2].
Presently the digital transformations in the national physical education and sports sector is clearly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the related deepening economic crisis. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) had to cancel the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo and virtually every other summer and winter event in 2020. The situation offers, however, a window of opportunities for chess as an intellectual sport (as
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defined by the IOC) that has in fact made a successful revolutionary transition from the offline to online reality. In 2020, the International Chess Federation (FIDE) deployed the Chess.com hightech platform with freemium accounts and initiated an online World Chess Olympiad with 163 national teams and more than 1,500 competitors including the ones with disabilities [8].
Objective of the study was to consider the ongoing digital transformations in the chess training system and their benefits for the chess sport progress, popularity and accomplishments in many aspects including equal and inclusive opportunities that secure harmonized and socially responsible progress for everyone in sport.
Methods and structure of the study. We analyzed, for the purposes of the study, the physical education-and-sports-related decrees, federal laws, legal and regulatory documents of the Strategic Research Center of the Russian Federation and Digital Economy Development Foundation [6, 7]. Of special interest was an analysis of the Physical Education and Sports Sector Digitalization Concept developed by the Ministry of Sports for the period 2019-2024, in the context of the sports training systems and physical education and sports management reforms [4]. We also made a systematic analysis of the valid regulatory and legal provisions of the Russian Chess Federation and FIDE with concern to the chess training system based on the global chess movement progress analyses [5]. We generalized the relevant policy documents, archive materials, study reports on the chess training system and systematized our own practical training and coaching service digitalization experiences having implemented the digital training technologies at the
Russian State Social University's Chess House [13]. It should be mentioned in this context that Russian State Social University task force is developing a digital eco-platform "World Chess Class Digital" viewed as a client-sensitive social project.
Results and discussion. The chess training system digitalization process is driven by the following resources, models and concepts: B. Skinner's programmed teaching concept; P.Y Galperin's intellectual progress and concept staged formation model; W. Stern psychographing method; computerized chess training methods by A. Turing, C. Shannon, M.M. Botvinnik and G.K. Kasparov; growing modern AI/ IT/ communication/ cloud technologies by F Rosenblatt, D. Rumelhart, D. Hassabis, M. Lai etc. [1]. It should be emphasized that the ongoing chess training system digitalization is advanced by the synergized IT/ communication, cloud and BigData technologies applied in the relevant chess databases including ChessBase and ChessAssistant, plus resources of the modern AI "AlphaZero" and neural networks [3]. Note that the modern chess training system digitalization process secures the online environments effectively complementing the offline ones rather than opposing them. Given in Table 1 hereunder is the chess training system digitalization history analysis.
Our own coaching and teaching experience accumulated at the Chess House of Russian State Social University gives us the grounds to believe that the modern chess training system digitaliza-tion technologies secure fast individual progresses with special benefits for the personality development agenda and equal progress opportunities in the sport. The radical ongoing digitalization of the chess training system methods, models and tools has heavily contributed to the amazing progress of
Table 1. Chess training system digitalization history analysis: key points
Period Innovations Applications Developers
1985 till now ChessBase project BigData service for chess training system and tournaments ChessBaseGmbH, Germany
1991 World Wide Web project Chess trainings and competitions Berners-Lee, United Kingdom
1996 till now ChessAssistant project BigData service for chess training system and tournaments Convekta, Ltd, Russia
19961997 DeepBlue vs. World Champion Match 3.5- 2.5 win byDeepBlue IBM, Japan
1996 till now Chess play-and-learn software projects Chess trainings and competitions ChessBaseGmbH, Germany; Convekta, Ltd, Russia
1999 till now Chess game portals ICC; PlayChess; Chess Planet; Chess.com for chess trainings and competitions USA, Germany, Russia
2017 till now AI AlphaZero project BigData service for chess training system and tournaments DeepMind, USA
2020 Magnus Carlsen Chess Tour: global online event Chess tournament in a digital environment International Chess Federation, Magnus Carlsen
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the chess sport at Russian State Social University. This social formally unsporting university has lately been very successful in training many gifted chess players including the national team members.
The ongoing chess training system digitalization process, however, needs to be further supported by the Ministry of Sports by extensive regulatory provisions with the road maps for the Federal Sports Training Standards revision in application to chess. The valid FSTS approved in 2015 has outdated since then with their archaic chess training system that needs being digitalized in every its element [2]. Regretfully, the theoretical and practical provisions for the chess training system digitalization process in the Chess Sport Development Program of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024 are limited by only the cheating control provisions for chess tournaments.
Conclusion. The chess training system digitalization service with its IT/ communication, AI, cloud and cyber security components and benefits for the inclusive social and educational services offers great opportunities for an individual intellectual resource mobilization for progress and success in modern chess sport. The persistent efforts to improve the available online chess play-and-learn systems with the relevant cloud/ IT/ communication services has fast simplified the chess training system process and made it more efficient. Progress of the chess training system digitalization service, however, is still limited by the shortage of top-skilled training personnel having the modern digital competencies testable by the relevant test systems (KPI). It is a high time for the Ministry of Sports to create the relevant ITC and cloud service registers. The national academic education system should take efforts to renew and complement the chess training service by modern digital training and progress test elements. The efforts to train the chess sport reserve need to be facilitated by the Federal Sports Training Standards revisions in the context of the modern chess training system digitalization trends and the global and national economic and epidemiological situations.
References
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4. Order "On approval of the Concept of digi-talization of the state system of training and management in physical education and sport sector of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation for the period 2019-2024. Official website of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource] Available at: https://minsport.gov.ru/documents/ ministry-orders/ (Date of access: 24.08.2020)
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8. FIDE Online Olympiad 2020 [FIDE Online Olympiad 2020]. Official website of the International Chess Federation [Electronic resource] Available at: https://olymp.fide.com / (Date of access: 24.08.2020)
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