CHECKLIST OF LICHENS OF SHIKOTAN ISLAND (SOUTHERN KURIL ISLANDS, RUSSIAN FAR EAST) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Биологические науки»

Checklist of lichens of Shikotan Island (Southern Kuril Islands, Russian Far East)

S. V. Chesnokov1, 2, L. A. Konoreva1, 3

'Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

Vladivostok, Russia

2Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy

of Sciences, Kirovsk, Russia Corresponding author. S. V. Chesnokov, lukinbrat@mail.ru

Abstract. Information on lichens of Shikotan Island based on original and literature data is provided. Altogether 278 lichen species and allied fungi are documented, of which Xylographa hians is new to Eurasia, Candelariella subdeflexa is new to Russia, nine species are new to the Russian Far East, 28 species are new to the Sakhalin Region, 39 species are new to Kuril Islands, and 94 species are new to Shikotan Island. For each species, data on distribution in the Sakhalin Region and neighboring regions are given.

Keywords: distribution of lichens, new records, Kuril Islands.

Аннотированный список лишайников о. Шикотан (Южные Курилы, Российский Дальний Восток)

С. В. Чесноков1, 2, Л. А. Конорева1, 3

'Ботанический сад-институт ДВО РАН, Владивосток, Россия 2Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 3Полярно-альпийский ботанический сад-институт КНЦ РАН, Кировск, Россия Автор для переписки. С. В. Чесноков, lukinbrat@mail.ru

Резюме. В статье приводятся обобщенные сведения о лишайниках о. Шикотан, основанные на собственных сборах и литературных данных. Всего для о. Шикотан к настоящему времени известно 278 видов лишайников и родственных им грибов, из них Xylographa hians — новый вид для Евразии, Candelariella subdeflexa — новый вид для России, девять видов — новые для Российского Дальнего Востока, 28 — новые для Сахалинской обл., 39 — для Курильских о-вов, 94 — для о. Шикотан. Для каждого вида приведены данные о распространении в Сахалинской обл. и в соседних регионах.

Ключевые слова: новые находки, распространение лишайников, Курильские острова.

Shikotan Island is the largest island in the Lesser Kuril Chain with an area of about 260 km2. From the northeast to the southwest, the island stretches for 28 km, and the average width is 10 km (Khomenko, 2003). Administratively, Shikotan Island belongs to the South Kuril District of the Sakhalin Region and is located in the southern part of the Kuril Islands. In the northwest it is delimited from Kunashir Island by the South Kuril Strait, and in the southeast it is washed by the Pacific Ocean.

https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2022.562.413

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Shikotan Island is characterized by low mountainous and hilly terrain. The main heights range from 170 to 240 m a. s. l. The highest peak of the island is Mount Shikotan with a height of 405 m, located on its northern tip (Yuzhnye..., 1992). The climate of Shikotan is temperate maritime, influenced by the monsoons. Precipitation falls on average 1240 mm per year. The southeastern coast of the island has a cooler and more humid climate than the northwestern coast which is associated with the influence of the cold Kuril Current and the warm Soya Current on the coasts (Kho-menko, 2003). Forests occupy about 23% of the island. Dark coniferous forests formed by spruces [Picea yezoensis (Siebold et Zucc.) Carrière, P. glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast.] and fir (Abies sachalinensis F. Schmidt) predominate, in some places there are birch (Betula ermanii Cham.) forests and fragmentary larch (Larix kurilensis Mayr) sparse forests. Yew (Taxus cuspidata Siebold et Zucc. ex Endl.) and cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) also take part in the forest stand. The river valleys and floodplains are dominated by alder [Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Rupr.] forests and willow communities with the participation of rowan (Sorbus commixta Hedl.) and maple species. Most of the island is treeless, apparently due to logging and fires in the past, the vegetation is dominated by Sasa kurilensis (Rupr.) Makino et Shibata (Yuzhnye., 1992; Kho-menko, 2003; Grishin, 2008).

Despite the 120-year history of lichenological research in the Russian Far East (e. g., Elenkin, 1902; Satô, 1936a, b; Dombrovskaya, 1987; Tchabanenko, 2002; Yakov-chenko et al., 2013; Davydov et al., 2021), Shikotan Island remains a poorly explored territory. S. I. Tchabanenko reported 230 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi for Shikotan Island (Tchabanenko, 2014), but, unfortunately, a complete list of species has not been published. In the literature, there is only fragmentary information about 106 species of lichens (Satô, 1936b; Oxner, Blum, 1971; Blum, Knyazheva, 1974; Dombrovskaya, 1987, 1996; Insarov, Pchelkin, 1988; Randlane et al., 1995; Hafellner, 1997; Tchabanenko, 2002, 2014, 2018; Joneson et al, 2004; Kondratyuk et al, 2013; Ezhkin, 2018; Ezhkin, Jorgensen, 2018; Konoreva et al., 2018a, 2019, 2020, 2021; Galanina, Ezhkin, 2019; Yakovchenko et al., 2020; Aristarkhova et al., 2021; Davydov et al, 2021; Kuznetsova et al, 2021).

The aim of this paper is to summarize all information on lichens of Shikotan Island based on original and literature data.

Materials and Methods

The lichen specimens presented in the paper were collected by authors in Shikotan Island in June 2017. Most of the collections were made in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the island (Malye Kurily Reserve) (Fig. 1) mainly in various types of forest, but also on coastal rocks and rock outcrops in the interior of the island (Fig. 2). In total, we collected about 1200 specimens and determined about 800 of them. All geographical coordinates are given in the coordinate system WGS 1984. The herbarium of the Sakhalin branch of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where S. I. Tchabanenko worked, is currently not available for

revision. Therefore, a revision of specimens from the Shikotan Island was carried out in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE). The laboratory study was carried out according to the standard technique (The Lichens..., 2009) in the Laboratory of Lichenology and Bryology of Komarov Botanical Institute using a binocular stereoscopic microscope MSP 1 var. 2, transmitted light microscope Zeiss Primo Star, a standard set of chemical reagents for carrying out color spots reactions for identification of certain groups of lichen substances in thalli. The nomenclature of lichens mainly follows Yoshimura (1971), Elix, Hale (1987), Printzen, Tonsberg, (2003), Blanco et al. (2004), Frisch et al. (2006), Westberg (2007), Spisok... (2010), Spribille et al. (2014), Gagarina (2015), Mongkolsuk et al. (2015), Printzen et al. (2016), Lendemer, Harris (2017), Sheard et al. (2017), Tchabanenko (2018), Frolov et al. (2021), Westberg et al. (2021), and Flora. (2022).

All collected and identified specimens are stored in the herbaria of the Laboratory of Lichenology and Bryology, Komarov Botanical Institute (LE), Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (VBGI), Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KPABG).

Information on the presence of species in Sakhalin Region is based on published records listed below. Sakhalin Island: 1 (Sato, 1936a), 2 (Harada, Ohba, 2001), 3 (Tchabanenko, 1999a), 4 (Tchabanenko, 2002), 5 (Skirina, 2006), 6 (Titov, 2006), 7 (Galanina, 2013), 8 (Ezhkin, Galanina, 2014), 9 (Printzen et al., 2016), 10 (Skirina et al., 2016), 11 (Sheard et al., 2017), 12 (Bogacheva et al., 2018), 13 (Ezhkin, Jorgensen, 2018), 14 (Ezhkin, Schumm, 2018), 15 (Konoreva et al., 2018b), 16 (Tchabanenko et al., 2018), 17 (Kaganov, Ezhkin, 2019), 18 (Ezhkin, 2020b), 19 (Konoreva et al,

2020), 20 (Yakovchenko et al., 2020), 21 (Davydov et al., 2021), 22 (Frolov et al.,

2021). Shumshu Island: 23 (Sato, 1936b). Paramushir Island: 4 (Tchabanenko, 2002), 23 (Sato, 1936b). Simushir Island: 23 (Sato, 1936b). Iturup Island: 24 (Blum, Knyazheva, 1974), 25 (Dombrovskaya, 1987), 4 (Tchabanenko, 2002), 26 (Joneson et al., 2004), 6 (Titov, 2006), 27 (Ezhkin et al., 2015), 12 (Bogacheva et al., 2018), 19 (Konoreva et al., 2020), 28 (Chesnokov, Konoreva, 2021), 29 (Konoreva et al, 2021). Kunashir Island: 23 (Sato, 1936b), 24 (Blum, Knyazheva, 1974), 30 (Insarov, Pchelkin, 1988), 31 (Tchabanenko, 1999b), 4 (Tchabanenko, 2002), 6 (Titov, 2006), 12 (Bogacheva et al., 2018), 32 (Galanina, Ezhkin, 2019), 33 (Ezhkin, 2019), 34 (Ezhkin, 2020a). Shikotan Island: 23 (Sato, 1936b), 35 (Oxner, Blum, 1971), 24 (Blum, Knyazheva, 1974), 25 (Dombrovskaya, 1987), 30 (Insarov, Pchelkin, 1988), 36 (Rand-lane et al,, 1995), 37 (Dombrovskaya, 1996), 38 (Hafellner, 1997), 4 (Tchabanenko, 2002), 26 (Joneson et al., 2004), 39 (Kondratyuk et al., 2013), 40 (Tchabanenko, 2014), 41 (Ezhkin, 2018), 13 (Ezhkin, Jorgensen, 2018); 42 (Konoreva et al,, 2018a), 43 (Tchabanenko, 2018), 32 (Galanina, Ezhkin, 2019), 44 (Konoreva et al., 2019), 19 (Konoreva et al, 2020), 20 (Yakovchenko et al, 2020), 45 (Aristarkhova et al, 2021), 21 (Davydov et al, 2021), 29 (Konoreva et al, 2021), 46 (Kuznetsova et al, 2021). Yurii Island: 26 (Joneson et al, 2004).

Fig. 1. Map of the study area with sampling plots. The territory of Malye Kurily Reserve is marked grey.

List of localities

Sakhalin Region, Yuzhno-Kurilsky District, Shikotan Island. Neighborhood of Malokurilsk village: 1 — 43°52'16.1"N, 146°50'36.9"E, 96 m a. s. l., fir-yew-birch forest with maple, 11 VI 2017; 2 — 43°52'17.9"N, 146°50'40.6"E, 109 m a. s. l., alder-birch forest, 11 VI 2017; 3 — 43°52'15.3"N, 146°50'43.1"E, 121 m a. s. l., thickets of maple on the slope, 11 VI 2017. Malaya Tserkovnaya Bay: 4 — 43°44'06.4"N, 146°41'08.3"E, 9 m a. s. l., coastal rocks with alder, 12 VI 2017. Neighborhood of Malaya Tserkovnaya Bay: 5 — 43°43'42.0"N, 146°40'28.4"E, 66 m a. s. l., larch forest with Sasa kurilensis, 13 VI 2017; 6 — 43°43'35.9"N, 146°40'26.8"E, 69 m a. s. l., spruce forest with Sasa kurilensis, 13 VI 2017; 7 — 43°43'32.7"N, 146°40'25.5"E, 49 m a. s. l., fir forest on the slope with birch and rowan, 13 VI 2017; 8 — 43°43'32.3"N, 146°40'25.0"E, 40 m a. s. l., fir forest with birch and fallenwood, 13 VI 2017; 9 — 43°43'31.7"N, 146°40'26.1"E, 63 m a. s. l., rocks, 13 VI 2017; 10 — 43°43'29.6"N, 146°40'24.6"E, 42 m a. s. l., rocks on bank of creek, 13 VI 2017; 11 — 43°43'26.6"N, 146°40'23.3"E, 61 m a. s. l., rocks, 13 VI 2017; 12 — 43°43'14.7"N, 146°40'22.2"E, 65 m a. s. l., larch forest, 13 VI 2017. Notoro Mountain: 13 — 43°46'10.8"N, 146°41'56.0"E, 232 m a. s. l., rocks, 14 VI 2017; 14 — 43°46'14.7"N, 146°41'46.5"E, 245 m a. s. l., alder-motley grass forest in creek valley, 14 VI 2017; 15 — 43°46'13.5"N, 146°41'43.5"E, 304 m a. s. l., overgrown rocks, 14 VI 2017. Creek valley between

Fig. 2. Studied localities in Shikotan Island: A — alder floodplain forest with rowan and maple in neighborhood of Notoro Mountain, B — fir-spruce forests in neighborhood of Tserkovnaya Bay, C — mossy rocks with rare trees on left bank of Gorobets River valley, D — larch forest with Sasa kurilensis in neighborhood of Malaya Tserkovnaya Bay, E — yew grove with cork tree, birch, and fir in "Phellodendrovaya roshcha" Natural Monument, F — rocks in neighborhood of Malaya

Tserkovnaya Bay.

Tserkovnaya Bay and Notoro Mountain: 16 — 43°45'31.4"N, 146°41'49.0"E, 52 m a. s. l., spruce forest with alder along creek, 14 VI 2017; 17 — 43°45'18.8"N, 146°41'43.9"E, 60 m a. s. l., spruce-fir floodplain forest with aspen, 14 VI 2017; 18 — 43°44'58.6"N, 146°41'39.7"E, 17 m a. s. l., willow floodplain forest, 14 VI 2017. Neighborhood of Tserkovnaya Bay: 19 — 43°44'16.5"N, 146°41'06.7"E, 30 m a. s. l., spruce-fir forest, 15 VI 2017; 20 — 43°44'17"N, 146°41'02"E, 38 m a. s. l., yew grove with fern, 15 VI 2017; 21 — 43°44'13.8"N, 146°41'05.5"E, 33 m a. s. l., old willow on glade, 15 VI 2017; 22. — 43°44'11.6"N, 146°41'05.6"E, 39 m a. s. l., spruce forest with alder near the stream, 15 VI 2017; 23 — 43°44'04.4"N, 146°41'17.9"E, 7 m a. s. l., coastal rocks, 15 VI 2017; 24. — 43°44'03.9"N, 146°41'23.3"E, 16 m a. s. l., alder forest, 15 VI 2017. Neighborhood of Gorobets Mountain: 25 — 43°48'37.9"N, 146°42'58"E, 28 m a. s. l., mossy rocks on the left bank of Gorobets River, 16 VI 2017; 26 — 43°46'44.8"N, 146°42'27.6"E, 71 m a. s. l., alder-maple floodplain forest with rowan, 16 and 17 VI 2017. Neighborhood of Notoro Mountain: 27 — 43°46'43.0"N, 146°42'16.1"E, 75 m a. s. l., alder floodplain forest with rowan and maple, 17 VI 2017; 28 — 43°46'50.4"N, 146°42'16.9"E, 72 m a. s. l., birch forest with maple undergrowth, 17 VI 2017; 29 — 43°46'51.0"N, 146°42'13.7"E, 75 m a. s. l., yew-fir forest near the stream, 17 VI 2017. Neighborhood of Malaya Tserkovnaya Bay, mountain with a height of 219 m: 30 — 43°44'21.1"N, 146°40'27.9"E, 198 m a. s. l., rocks, 17 VI 2017. Otrada River valley: 31 — 43°50'55.1"N, 146°51'06.6"E, 55 m a. s. l., willow-alder floodplain forest with Sambucus sp., 19 VI 2017; 32 — 43°50'29.0"N, 146°51'31.4"E, 77 m a. s. l., willow-alder floodplain forest, 19 VI 2017; 33 — 43°50'11.6"N, 146°51'58.1"E, 108 m a. s. l., fir forest, 19 VI 2017; 34 -43°49'45.0"N, 146°53'22.7"E, 75 m a. s. l., fir-birch forest with hydrangea, 19 VI 2017. Vicinity of Cape Krai Sveta: 35 — 43°50'29.0"N, 146°54'35.4"E, 48 m a. s. l., concrete bunkers on the shore, 19 VI 2017. Neighborhood of Malokurilsk village, "Phellodendrovaya roshcha" Natural Monument: 36 — 43°52'09.5"N, 146°50'40.0"E, 86 m a. s. l., yew grove with cork tree, birch and fir, 20 VI 2017.

Results

An annotated list of species of Shikotan Island is presented below. The species reported for the first time for the island are marked with "*", Kuril Islands with "**", Sakhalin Region with "!", Russian Far East with "!!", Russia with "!!!", Eurasia with "!!!!"; lichenicolous fungi with "#", non-lichenized fungi with "+". Each species is accompanied with the list of substrates and localities. For the species known from the Sakhalin Region abbreviations of the islands are listed: Sakhalin — Sakh, Shum-shu — Shum, Paramushir — Par, Simushir — Sim, Iturup — Itu, Kunashir — Kun, Shikotan — Shik. References are given after each abbreviation (in brackets), numbers correspond to those in the list of publications (see Material and Methods). For the species new for the Sakhalin Region nearest localities are cited. Collector names are abbreviated as follows: S. Chesnokov — SC, L. Konoreva — LK. For specimens found in the herbarium of LE, label data are given in full. Special comments are provided when needed.

!#Abrothallus bertianus De Not. — 5, on thallus of Melanohalea septentrionalis on twigs of Larix kurilensis, LK 310, LE L-18649. The nearest known localities are in Khabarovsk (Zhur-benko, Tugi, 2013) and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al, 2019) territories.

**Acarospora fuscata (Ach.) Arnold — 13, on stone, SC 168, LE L-18592. — Sakh (4).

A. veronensis A. Massal. — 30, on stone, LK440, LE L-15311. — Shik (20).

*Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris — 7, 26, 28, 31, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Acer sp., and Betula ermanii, SC 156, 199, 214, LK 431, 434, KPABG, LE L-18894, L-18904. — Sakh (14, 18), Kun (33, 34).

!Agonimia tristicula (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — 6, 34, on bark of Betula ermanii, Picea sp., SC 153, 217, LE L-18579, L-18641. The nearest known localities are in Primorye (Urbanavichus, 2013) and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al., 2014) territories.

Alectoria lata (Taylor) Linds. — Shik (30).

A. sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa — 19, on bark of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., LK370, LE L-18943. — Shik (40).

*Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz et Tehler — 31, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, LK 455, VBGI 92517. — Sakh (15, 18), Kun (33, 34).

*Amandinea coniops (Wahlenb.) M. Choisy ex Scheid. et H. Mayrhofer — 13, on stone, SC 166, LK346, KPABG, LE L-18869, L-18932. — Itu (28).

**A. punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins et Scheid. — 35, on rotten wood, SC 220, LE L-18644. — Sakh (15).

**Anamylopsora pulcherrima (Vain.) Timdal — 30, on stone, SC 206, 207, LE-L18624, L-18627. — Sakh (19).

!Anaptychia bryorum Poelt — 13, 15, on soil over the stone, LK 345, 357, KPABG, LE L-18937. The nearest known locality is in Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002).

*A. isidiata Tomin — 1, 4-7, 9-12, 16, 19, 21, 24-28, 31, 35, on bark of Abies sachalinen-sis, Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, Picea sp., Salix sp., Sambucus sp., Sorbus commixta, on moss over stone, on stone, on soil, SC 138, 146, 152, 156, 158, 159, 165, 181, 189, 190, 192, 194,195,210,211,212,360, 422, LK308,311,328,337,339,341,377,383,395,411, 421, 424, 431, 454, 455, 469, KPABG, LE L-18855, L-18862, L-18877, L-18917, L-18929, VBGI 92454, 92481, 92483, 92494, 92507, 92513, 92538, 92543. — Sakh (1, 4, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (4, 12, 23, 31, 34).

**A. palmulata (Michx.) Vain. — 26, on bark of Acer sp., SC 195, 196, LE L-18891. — Sakh (1, 4).

Anthracothecium speciosum Zahlbr. — Shik (4).

*Anzia colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb. — 26, on bark of Acer sp., SC 196, LE. — Sakh (4, 10), Itu (12), Kun (4, 30, 31).

*A. japonica (Tuck.) Müll. Arg. — 21, 26, 27, on bark of Padus ssiori (F. Schmidt) C. K. Schneid., Salix sp., SC 201, LK383, 427, KPABG, LE L-18620, L-18678, L-18685. — Sakh (17), Itu (4), Kun (4).

**Arthonia ruana A. Massal. — 14, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, SC 171, LE L-18873. — Sakh (14, 16, 18).

*A. spadicea Leight. — 4, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, SC 146, VBGI 92455. — Sakh (16), Itu (28).

!!A. vinosa Leight. — 36, on bark of Taxus cuspidata, LK 473, LE L-18707. The nearest known locality is Republic of Buryatia (Urbanavichene, Palice, 2016).

!Athallia holocarpa (Hoffm.) Arup et al. — 23, on stone, SC 186, LE L-18611. — The nearest known localities are in Primorye (Tchabanenko, 2002) and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al, 2019) territories.

!!Bacidina chloroticula (Nyl.) Vezda et Poelt — 34, on wood of Abies sachalinensis, LK 466, LE L-18704. The nearest known locality is in the Republic of Komi (Hermansson et al, 2006).

**B. phacodes (Körb.) Vezda — 9, on bark of Sambucus sp., LK328, VBGI 92534. — Sakh (15).

**Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent. — 15, on soil, SC 172, LE L-18599. — Sakh (1, 4).

*Biatora albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. et Carestia — 5, 8, 26, 27, 36, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Larix kurilensis, Phellodendron amurense, Populus tremula, Sorbus commix-

ta, SC 194, 199,221, LK310,323, 414, KPABG, LE L-18616, L-18893, VBGI 92466, 92546. — Sakh (7, 16, 18), Itu (28).

Biatora meiocarpa (Nyl.) Arnold — Shik (30).

**B. pacifica Printzen et al. (Fig. 3A) — 27, on bark of Acer sp., LK 418, LE L-18683. — Sakh (9).

!!B. pontica Printzen et Tonsberg (Fig. 3B) — 4, 25, 27, 36, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Be-tula etmanii, LK307, 416, 429, 474, KPABG, LE L-18648, L-18682, L-18686. This is the third record for Russia after the report from the Republic of Adygea (Urbanavichus, 2010) and the Chelyabinsk Region (Urbanavichene et al, 2013).

**B. subduplex (Nyl.) Räsänen ex Printzen — 10, 19, 25, 30, on mosses, plant debris, on bark of Alnus hirsuta and Abies sachalinensis, LK 332, 372, 411, 444, KPABG, LE L-18696, L-18953. — Sakh (18).

*B. vernalis (L.) Fr. — 1, 16, 27, 32, on mosses on bark of Alnus hirsuta and Acer sp., LK288, 295, 422, SC360, KPABG, LE L-18906, VBGI 92564. — Sakh (1, 4, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (33, 34).

*Bilimbia sabuletorum (Schreb.) Arnold — 25, 30, on soil and mosses, LK 402, 409, SC 192, 208, KPABG, LE L-18628, L-18681, VBGI 92532. — Sakh (15, 18), Kun (33, 34).

Brigantiaea ferruginea (Müll. Arg.) Kashiw. et Kurok. — 1, 10, 19, 20, 28, 31, 34, 36, on corti-colous bryophytes grown on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, Phelloden-dron amurense Rupr., Picea sp., Taxus cuspidata, SC 138,152,178,181,183,214,217,221, LK340, 366, 431, KPABG, LE L-18606, L-18636, L-18911, L-18960, VBGI 92468, 92486. — Shik (38).

*B. nipponica (M. Sato) Hafellner — 1, 6, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Picea sp., LK292, SC 152, KPABG, LE L-18578, L-18915. — Sakh (7, 18), Kun (12, 33, 34).

B. purpurata (Zahlbr.) Hafellner et Bellem. — Shik (38).

*Bryocaulon divergens (Ach.) Kärnefelt — 30, on soil, LK 440, SC 206, LE L-18622, L-18692. — Sakh (2, 4), Sim (23).

B. pseudosatoanum (Asahina) Kärnefelt — 5, 17, 19, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Aralia elata, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., SC 149, 178, LK 174,316,370,372,376, KPABG, LE L-18653, L-18944, VBGI 92451, 92490; Cape Voloshin, larch forest, [43°42'N, 146°39'E, on larch], 25 VIII 2010, Tchabanenko 074-shk, LE L-7770. — Shik (30, 40, 45).

Bryoria americana (Motyka) Holien — Shik (30).

*B. nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — 5, on bark of Picea sp., LK 309, LE L-18918. — Sakh (4), Kun (4, 31).

**B. nitidula (Th. Fr.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — 30, on soil, SC 206, LK 444, LE L-18623, L-18694. — Sakh (2, 4).

Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd — 4, 26, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Padus ssiori, SC 146, 201, VBGI 92452, 92508. — Shik (30).

*B. erubescens Arnold — 14, 22, 28, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, Sorbus commixta, SC 184, LK350, 433, KPABG, LE L-18961. — Sakh (7, 12, 18), Itu (27), Kun (4, 30, 31, 34).

*Calicium glaucellum Ach. — 1, 5, 18-20, 34, on wood, bark and branches of Taxus cuspidata, on wood of Abies sachalinensis, on bark of Larix kurilensis, SC 139,150,181, LK365,375,382, 465, KPABG, LE L-18702, L-18882, VBGI 92458, 92500, 92505. — Kun (4, 31).

*C. salicinum Pers. — 31, on bark of Sambucus sp., SC210, LE L-18631. — Sakh (14), Kun (4, 31).

!Caloplaca caesiorufella (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — 35, on soil, LK 469, LE L-18706. The nearest known localities are in the Kamchatka Territory (Himelbrant et al, 2014) and Chukotka Autonomous Area (Frolov, Gagarina, 2020).

Fig. 3. Rare lichen species of Shikotan Island: A — Biatorapacifica (LE L-18683), B — Biatora pontica (LE L-18648), C — Candelariella subdeflexa (VBGI 92485), D — Leucodermia boryi (LE L-18881), E — Megalospora tuberculosa (VBGI 92487), F — Xylographa hians (LE L-18655). Scale bars: A, D — 1 mm, B, C — 0.5 mm, E — 2.5 mm, F — 1.5 mm.

*Caloplaca cerina (Hedw.) Th. Fr. — 10, 19, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Salix sp., Sambucus sp., LK 337, 377, SC 215, LE L-18638. — Sakh (4, 12, 18), Itu (27), Kun (33).

*C. gordejevii (Tomin) Oxner ex Khodos. — 1, 7, 9-11, 17, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 36, on bark of Acer sp., Abies sachalinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, Salix sp., Sambucus sp., on mosses and plant debris, SC 137,138,156,165,175,192,217, LK328,337,398,418,424,431,455,477, KPABG, LE L-18887, L-18958, VBGI 92482, 92513, 92521, 92537. — Sakh (12, 16, 18), Itu (28), Kun (34).

*C. stillicidiorum (Vahl) Lynge — 32, 35, on mosses and soil, LK 461, SC 219, KPABG, LE L-18700. — Itu (19).

!!!Candelariella subdeflexa (Nyl.) Lettau (Fig. 3C) — 19, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, SC 178, VBGI 92485. In the world, the species is known from North America (Westberg, 2007), Europe (Westberg, Clerc 2012; Westberg et al., 2021), North Africa (Westberg, Clerc, 2012), Asia (Kocakaya, Halici, 2015), and New Zealand (Galloway, Hafellner, 2002). Candelariella subdeflexa is characterized by biatorine apothecia, the gray squamulose thallus with a layer of conidiophores on the lower surface (Westberg, 2007). The recently described species C. blasti-diata is closely related and differs in the presence of blastidiate squamules and a less well-developed conidiophore layer (Yakovchenko et al, 2017).

*C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. — 13, on stone, LK346, LE L-18931. — Sakh (3, 4), Kun (4, 31).

Cetrelia braunsiana (Müll. Arg.) W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. — Shik (30).

C. collata (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. — Shik (30).

Cetreliopsis asahinae (M. Sato) Randlane et A. Thell — 2, 24, 27, 31, on bark and branches of Alnus hirsuta, LK292,395, 426, 458, KPABG, LE L-18959. — Shik (36).

*Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll. Arg. — 10, on rotten wood, LK333, VBGI 92540. — Sakh (15, 18), Kun (4, 31, 34).

*C. chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. — 1, 18, on burnt stump of Taxus cuspidata, on rotten wood, SC 139, LK365, LE L-18942, VBGI 92459. — Sakh (4), Kun (4, 31).

*C. furfuracea (L.) Tibell — 10, 29, on stone and bark of Betula ermanii, SC 160, 203, LE L-18867. — Sakh (4), Kun (31).

*Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. — 11, 13, on soil, SC 163, 170, LE L-18587, L-18594. — Sakh (1, 4, 18), Shum (23), Par (23).

*C. coccifera (L.) Willd. — 6, 13, on soil over stone, LK 320, 345, LE L-18926. — Sakh (1, 4), Par (23).

*C. coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. — 4, 5, 10, 14, 20, 29, 31, on mosses, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., on the fallen Taxus cuspidata, LK332, 378,379, 438, SC 146, 149, 171, 214, KPABG, LE L-18871, L-18965, VBGI 92457. — Sakh (4, 7, 12, 18), Kun (4, 12, 34), Par (4).

**C. digitata (L.) Hoffm. — 7, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, SC 157, LE L-18585. — Sakh

(4).

*C. gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti — 5, on bark of Larix kurilensis, SC 149, KPABG. — Sakh (4, 19), Kun (31).

*C. mitis Sandst. — 10, on soil, LK336, LE L-18656. — Sakh (18), Itu (25).

**C. portentosa (Dufour) Coem. — 10, on soil, LK336, LE L-18657. — Sakh (4).

*C. rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. — 5, 11, on soil, SC 163, LK 314, LE L-18588, VBGI 92554. — Sakh (1, 4, 7, 18), Sim (23), Itu (25).

!C. rangiformis Hoffm. — 30, on stone, SC 209, LE L-18629. The nearest known localities are in Primorye and Khabarovsk (Tchabanenko, 2002) territories.

C. stricta (Nyl.) Nyl. — Shik (30).

**C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss — 13, 30, on soil and plant debris, SC 170, LK 446, KPABG, LE L-18593. — Sakh (19).

!C. uncialis (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. subsp. biuncialis (Hoffm.) M. Choisy — 13, on soil, SC 170, LE L-18595. The nearest known locality is in Kamchatka Territory (Himelbrant et al.,

2014). Cladonia uncialis s. lat. is known for the Sakhalin Region from the Sakhalin, Kunashir (Tchabanenko, 2002), and Paramushir (Sato, 1936b) Islands.

*Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins — 12, on bark of Larix kurilensis, LK 334, VBGI 92497. — Sakh (18), Itu (28), Kun (34).

*Coccocarpia palmicola (Spreng.) Arv. et D. J. Galloway — 11, 19, 20, 21, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Abies sachalinensis, Salix sp., Taxus cuspidata, SC 164, 180, 181, LK372,383, KPABG, LE L-18589, L-18602, L-18671. — Sakh (1, 4, 17, 18), Kun (4, 30, 31).

Coenogonium isidiatum (G. Thor et Vezda) Lucking et al. — 13, 15, on soil and plant debris, SC 167, 172, LE L-14438, L-14439. — Shik (42).

C. luteum (Dicks.) Kalb et Lucking — 22, on stone, LK386, LE L-18679. — Shik (30).

*C. pineti (Ach.) Lucking et Lumbsch — 1, 21, 25, 30, 36, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Salix sp., Taxus cuspidata, on plant debris, LK 288, 383, 411, 444, 472, KPABG, LE L-18914, VBGI 92519. — Sakh (10, 18), Itu (28).

*Collema flaccidum (Ach.) Ach. — 25, on mosses over stone, SC 190, VBGI 92495. — Sakh (1, 4), Kun (4, 31).

*C. pulcellum Ach. — 1, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 27, 31, on bark of Acer sp., Salix sp., Sambucus sp., on wood of Picea sp. LK287,337,362,375, 421, 422, 453, 454, SC 137, 165,210, KPABG, LE L-18569, L-18902, L-18941, VBGI 92483, 92511, 92542, 92543. — Sakh (12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (33, 34).

*C. subflaccidum Degel. — 10, 25, 27, 31, on bark of Acer sp., Salix sp., Sambucus sp., on mosses, LK337, 399, 422, 451, SC210, KPABG, LE L-18949, VBGI 92541, 92543. — Sakh (12), Itu (12), Kun (4, 31).

!Cresponea chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea et Torrente — 17, on rotten wood of Picea sp., LK 174, LE L-18600. The nearest known locality is in the Jewish Autonomous Region (Skirina,

2015).

!!C. premnea (Ach.) Egea et Torrente — 28, on bark of Betula ermanii, LK 435, LE L-18689. The nearest known locality is in the Kemerovo Region (Baumgertner, 2022).

Dermatocarpon polyphyllizum (Nyl.) Blomb. et Forssell — 13, on stone, LK 345, LE L-15310. — Shik (20).

!Enchylium tenax (Sw.) Gray — 25, 35, on stone, on soil, LK470, SC 193, LE L-18974. The nearest known locality is in Chukotka Autonomous Area, Wrangel Island (Afonina, Dobrysh, 2000).

!Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. — 25, on stone, SC 193, LE. The nearest known locality is in Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002).

!!Ephebe lanata (L.) Vain. — 15, 30, on stone, SC 173,208, VBGI 92472, 92477. The nearest known locality is in Republic of Buryatia (Urbanavichus, Urbanavichene, 2004).

*Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale — 19, on bark of Picea sp., SC 181, LE L-18604. — Sakh (1, 4, 12, 18), Kun (4, 23, 31).

**Flavoplaca flavocitrina (Nyl.) Arup et al. — 25, on stone, LK 412, LE L-18954. — Sakh (20).

**Fuscopannaria confusa (P. M. Jorg.) P. M. Jorg. — 25, on mosses over stone, SC 190, LE L-18566. — Sakh (13).

*Gyalolechia flavovirescens (Wulfen) Sechting et al. — 13, 25, on stone, LK346, SC 190, 191, KPABG, VBGI 92491. — Sakh (4), Kun (4, 31).

*Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis. — 6, 12, 20, on bark of Picea sp. and Taxus cuspida-ta, LK341, SC 181, KPABG, LE L-18662, L-18878. — Sakh (3, 4), Kun (4, 30, 31, 34).

**Hypogymnia arcuata Tchaban. et McCune — 5, on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK 310, LE L-18922. — Sakh (8).

H. hokkaidensis Kurok. — Voloshina Cape, larch forest, 43°43'37.5"N, 146°40'28.5"E, on Larix sp., 25 VIII 2010, Tchabanenko 074-shk, LE L-7769; pass to Tserkovnaya Bay, 43°46'40.4"N, 146°42'15.2"E, 94 m a. s. l., birch forest, on Betula ermanii, 28 VIII 2010, Tchabanenko 099-shk, LE L-7740. — Shik (40).

*H. nikkoensis (Zahlbr.) Rass. — 5, on bark of Larix kurilensis, SC 149, LE. — Sakh (4), Kun (4, 30, 31).

*H. pseudophysodes (Asahina) Rass. — 10, 19, on bark of rotten tree and Abies sachalinen-sis, SC 162, 178, KPABG, VBGI 92484. — Sakh (2, 4, 18), Itu (28), Kun (4, 31, 34).

*H. sachalinensis Tchaban. et McCune — 10, on bark of rotten tree, SC 162, KPABG. — Sakh (4, 7, 18), Itu (27), Kun (4, 34).

H. vittata (Ach.) Parrique — 9, 20, 33, on bark and branches of Abies sachalinensis, Taxus cuspidata, on stone, LK382, SC 159, 183, 216, KPABG, LE L-18609, L-18639, VBGI 92504. — Shik (30).

*Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. — 18, on wood, LK364, VBGI 92499. — Sakh (1, 4, 18), Kun (4, 31).

*Lecanora allophana Nyl. — 9, 22, 36, on bark of Sambucus sp., Sorbus commixta, SC 184, LK328, 477, LE, VBGI 92521, 92536. — Sakh (1, 3, 4, 12), Itu (12, 27), Kun (4, 12, 30, 31).

L. chlarotera Nyl. — Shik (30).

*L. cinereofusca H. Magn. — 1, 19, 22, 27, 33, 34, 36, on bark of Acer sp., Aralia elata, Abies sachalinensis, Betula ermanii, Padus ssiori, Phellodendron amurense, Sorbus commixta, LK 370, 422, 428, SC 180, 184, 216, 217, 221, KPABG, LE L-18884, L-18910, VBGI 92470, 92551. — Sakh (19), Itu (19).

**L. gangaleoides Nyl. — 6, 13, 30, on stone, LK346, 350, 441, SC 154, 166, KPABG, LE L-18582, L-18666. — Sakh (4, 20).

L. impudens Degel. — Shik (30).

**L. intricata (Ach.) Ach. s. lat. — 30, on stone, SC 207, KPABG, LE L-18898. — Sakh (14, 18).

L. pachycheila Hue — 2, 8, 16, 27, 28, 36, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, Phellodendron amurense, SC 221, 292, 360, LK323, 418, 431, KPABG, LE L-18687, L-18939, VBGI 92467, 92557. — Shik (30).

**L. polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. — 6, on stone, SC 154,320, LE L-18584. — Sakh (18, 19).

*L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. — 1, 6, 10, 17, 19, 27, 28, 31, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Betula ermanii, Picea sp., Populus tremula L., Salix sp., Sambucus sp., SC 140, 210, LK 337, 377, 414, KPABG, LE L-18946, VBGI 92545. — Sakh (7), Itu (28), Kun (4).

**L. sulphurea (Hoffm.) Ach. — 30, on stone, LK448, LE L-18698. — Sakh (19).

*L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. — 30, 35, on rotten wood and branches, LK 444, 470, LE L-18695. — Sakh (1, 3, 7, 12, 18), Itu (12, 27), Kun (12, 30, 31, 34).

!Lecidea auriculata Th. Fr. — 10, on stone, SC 160, LE. The nearest known localities are in Primorye (Tchabanenko, 2002) and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al, 2019) territories.

*Lendemeriella aureopruinosa I. V. Frolov et al. — 9, 13, on stone, LK 325, 350, SC 159, KPABG, LE L-18927. — Sakh (22), Itu (28).

Lepra commutata (Müll. Arg.) Lendemer et R. C. Harris — Shik (30).

L. multipuncta (Turner) Hafellner — Shik (30).

!Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau — 15, 30, on soil and stone, SC 173, 208, VBGI 92474, 92478. The nearest known locality is Kamchatka Territory (Himelbrant et al., 2014, 2019, 2021).

*Leptogium burnetiae C. W. Dodge — 3, 31, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Salix sp., Sambucus sp., LK299, 454, 459, SC210, KPABG, LE L-18647. — Sakh (18), Itu (28), Kun (12, 33, 34).

*L. cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb. — 9, 14, 16-20, 22, 25-27, 31, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Al-nus hirsuta, Salix sp., Sambucus sp., Taxus cuspidata, on wood of Picea sp., on mosses, on stone, SC 171, 175, 181, 183, 192, 199, LK 324,328,360,362,375,384, 418, 421, 452, 453, 454, 460, KPABG, LE L-18872, L-18876, L-18888, VBGI 92511. — Sakh (4, 7, 12, 18), Itu (28), Kun (4, 12, 34).

*L. saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. — 31, on bark of Sambucus sp., SC 212, LE L-18633. — Sakh (4, 18), Itu (4), Kun (4, 31).

**Lethariella togashii (Asahina) Krog — 12, 33, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Larix kurilensis, LK335, SC216, LE L-18640, L-18661. — Sakh (4, 5, 10, 17).

!Leucodermia boryi (Fée) Kalb (Fig. 3D) — 20, on bark of Taxus cuspidata, SC 181, LE L-18881. The nearest known localities are in Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002) and the Jewish Autonomous Region (Skirina, 2015a).

Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.: Fr.) Redhead et al. — 5, 12, 17, on rotten wood of stump and mosses, on bark of Larix kurilensis, SC 176, LK315,334, LE L-18601, L-18652, L-18660. — Shik (21).

Lobaria gyrophorica Yoshim. et al. — Shik (40).

*L. isidiophora Yoshim. — 1, on bark of Acer sp., SC 137, LE L-18568. — Kun (4, 24, 30, 31).

L. japonica (Zahlbr.) Asahina — Shik (30).

L. meridionalis Vain. — Shik (23).

*L. orientalis (Asahina) Yoshim. — 12, 20, 28, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Picea sp., Taxus cuspidata, LK341, 434, 461, SC 181, KPABG, LE L-18701, L-18963. — Sakh (4, 18), Itu (12), Kun (4, 12, 31, 34).

*L. quercizans Michx. — 20, on bark of Picea sp., on fallen tree, LK 378, LE L-18675. — Sakh (4, 18), Itu (12), Kun (4, 12, 30, 31, 34).

*L. scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. — 7, 9, 21, 32, on stone, on bark of Betula ermanii and Salix sp., LK383, 460, SC 156, 159, KPABG, LE L-18699, L-18864. — Sakh (1, 4, 18), Itu (12), Kun (12, 33, 34).

L. spathulata (Inumaru) Yoshim. — 1, 4, 7, 9, 26, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, Sambucus sp., LK288,328, 460, SC 146, 156, 196, KPABG, LE L-18859, VBGI 92456, 92535. — Shik (30).

L. tuberculata Yoshim. — Shik (24).

Lopadium disciforme (Flot.) Kullh. — 5, 6, 8, 10, 16, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 31, 36, on bark of rotten tree, Abies sachalinensis, Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Phellodendron amurense, Picea sp., Popu-lus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus commixta, Taxus cuspidata, on branches of Larix kurilensis, SC 148, 149, 150,152, 162, 183, 184, 189,196, 199,214,221, LK309,310,323,359,378, 414, 422,453, KPABG, LE L-18853, L-18886, L-18919, VBGI 92465, 92498, 92511, 92545. — Shik (30).

Loxospora ochrophaea (Tuck.) R. C. Harris — Shik (30).

Megalaria laureri (Hepp ex Th.Fr.) Hafellner — Shik (30).

Megalospora porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris — Shik (41).

Megalospora tuberculosa (Fée) Sipman (Fig. 3E) — 1, 5, 19, 20, 28, 29, 33, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., Taxus cuspidata, LK 293, 309, 366, 437, SC 138, 149, 178, 183, 204, 216, KPABG, LE L-18573, L-18883, L-18897, L-18909, VBGI 92487, 92502. — Shik (30).

*Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. — 8, 9, 30, on stone, SC 189, 207, LK 325, KPABG, LE L-18625. — Sakh (1, 2, 4), Sim (23).

*Melanelixia huei (Asahina) O. Blanco et al. — 4, 24, 31, on bark and branches of Alnus hirsuta, SC 189,211, LK308, 458, LE L-18612, L-18632. — Sakh (4), Itu (28), Kun (4, 31).

*Melanohalea olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. — 4, 24, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, LK 395, SC 146, VBGI 92453, 92506. — Sakh (1, 3, 4, 7, 12, 18), Sim (23), Itu (27), Kun (4, 31, 34).

*M. septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al. — 5, on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK310, LE L-18649. — Sakh (3), Itu (28).

*Menegazzia nipponica K. H. Moon et al. — 1, 33, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, SC 140, 216, KPABG, LE L-18576. — Sakh (15, 18), Itu (28), Kun (12, 33, 34).

*M. subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant. — 1, 5, 6, 19, 20, 22, 28, 29, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Aralia elata, Betula ermanii, Picea sp., Sorbus commixta, Taxus cuspidata, on branches of Larix kurilensis, SC 140, 152, 181, 184, 204, LK310, 370, 433, KPABG, LE L-18610, L-18651, L-18688. — Sakh (18), Kun (12, 33, 34).

M. terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. — 1, 26, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Padus ssiori, Sorbus commixta, SC 138, 194, 201, LE L-18572, L-18615, L-18619. — Shik (30).

Micarea adnata Coppins — 36, on wood and bark of Taxus cuspidata, LK 473, SC 222, LE, VBGI 92520. — Shik (44).

**M. denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. — 1, 25, on wood, LK297,396, LE. — Sakh (15, 18).

M. hedlundii Coppins — 18, 29, on wood of Taxus cuspidata, LK 363, 436, SC 205, LE. — Shik (44).

M. lignaria (Ach.) Hedl. — 30, on mosses, LK 447, LE. — Shik (44).

**M. melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. — 36, on wood of Taxus cuspidata, SC224, LE. — Sakh (15).

*M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. — 35, on wood, LK470, LE L-18970. — Itu (29).

M. nigella Coppins — 5, on wood of Larix kurilensis, LK314, LE. — Shik (19).

M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins et R. Sant. — 1, 5, 11, 20, 25, 31, 32, on plant debris, on rotten wood, on wood and bark of Taxus cuspidata, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, SC 163, LK 291,314,379, 413, 455, 462, LE, VBGI 92479, 92516, 92563. — Shik (29).

M. prasina Fr. s. str. — 1, 10, 19, 25, 26, 29, 33, 34, 36, on rotten wood, LK297,333,367,396, 400,439,463,464,465,472, SC 139, 177,205,224, KPABG, LE L-18895. — Shik (30).

*Mycobilimbia tetramera (De Not.) Clauzade et al. — 32, on mosses on bark of Acer sp., SC215, LE L-18907. — Itu (28).

Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix et Hale — Shik (30).

**M. entotheiochroa (Hue) Elix et Hale — 28, on bark of Betula ermanii, SC 203, LK 431, KPABG, LE L-18621. — Sakh (8).

M. leucotyliza (Nyl.) Elix et Hale — 19, on bark of Picea sp., SC 181, LE L-18607. — Shik (40).

*M. subaurulenta (Nyl.) Elix et Hale — 1, 17, 26, 27, 31, on bark of Acer sp., Salix sp., Sorbus commixta, SC 137, 138, 175, 194, LK 418, 453, KPABG, LE L-18571, L-18614, L-18850, VBGI 92512. — Sakh (8, 12, 18), Kun (31, 34).

!Myriolecis dispersa (Pers.) Sliwa et al. — 25, 35, on stone, LK 399, SC 219, LE L-18950. The nearest known localities are in Primorye (Skirina, 2015b) and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al., 2014, 2019) territories.

*Nephroma helveticum Ach. — 16, 25, 26, 27, 31, on bark of Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Salix sp., on mossy rock, SC 196, 213, 360, LK 397, 422, 452, 457, KPABG, LE L-18635, L-18680, L-18968. — Sakh (4, 12), Itu (4), Kun (4, 31).

*N. resupinatum (L.) Ach. — 11, 16, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Salix sp., SC 175, 360, LE L-18590. — Sakh (1, 4), Itu (28), Kun (4, 31, 34).

Nephromopsis endocrocea Asahina — pass to the Cape Krai Sveta, 43°50'11.0"N, 146°52'2.1"E, 103 m a. s. l., mixed forest, on Abies sp., 21 VIII 2010, Tchabanenko Sakh-2447, LE L-7765.

N. laii (A. Thell et Randlane) Saag et A. Thell — Shik (40).

N. ornata (Müll. Arg.) Hue — Shik (40).

Nipponoparmelia laevior (Nyl.) K. H. Moon et al. — 6, 19, 26, 27, 33, 36, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Padus ssiori, Phellodendron amurense, Picea sp., Sorbus commixta, on wood of Alnus hirsuta, LK 376, 416, SC 152, 194, 201, 216, 221, KPABG, LE L-18613, L-18854, VBGI 92469, 92509, 92548. — Shik (30, 40, 43).

N. perplicata S. Y. Kondr. et al. — 6, 14, 31, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Picea sp., Salix sp., LK350, SC 153,213, KPABG, LE L-18580, L-18634. — Shik (39, 43).

N. pseudolaevior (Asahina) K. H. Moon et al. — Shik (39, 40, 43).

*Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. — 10, 11, 15, 19, 26, 27, 31, 32, on bark of Salix sp., Sambucus sp., on soil, on wood of Picea sp., LK337,375, 422, 453, 455, 460, SC 165, 173, 195, 197, 214, KPABG, LE L-18890, VBGI 92473, 92483, 92514, 92542. — Sakh (12, 15), Itu (28), Kun (12, 33, 34).

Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb. — Shik (30).

**O. frigida (Sw.) Lynge — 13, on soil, SC 170, LE L-18596. — Sakh (4, 18).

*O. tartarea (L.) A. Massal. — 6, on stone, SC 154, LE. — Sakh (1), Shum (23), Par (23).

O. trochophora (Vain.) Oshio — Shik (30).

O. yasudae Vain. — 20, on bark and wood of Taxus cuspidata, LK 379, SC 183, LE, VBGI 92503. — Shik (30).

Oropogon asiaticus Asahina — 13, 15, on soil, SC 170, LK 353, KPABG, LE L-18010. — Shik (40).

Pannaria lurida (Mont.) Nyl. — 1, 6, 12, 27, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Picea sp., Salix sp., LK 287,341, 422, 459, KPABG, LE L-18856, L-18913. — Shik (13).

Parmelia adaugescens Nyl. — near Mt. Notoro, 43°47'01.0"N, 146°41'17.3"E, 153 m a. s. l., fir forest, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, 14 VIII 2010, Tchabanenko 013-shk, LE L-7777; pass to Dimitrova Bay, 43°49'17.9"N, 146°49'24.2"E, 140 m a. s. l., mixed forest, on Picea ajanensis, 25 VIII 2010, Tchabanenko Sakh-2443, LE L-7778.

P. fertilis Müll. Arg. — 2, 5, 6, 20, 22, 27, 31, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., Populus tremula, Sorbus commixta, Taxus cuspidata, LK 292, 414, 424, SC 149,153, 181, 183, 184,211,214, KPABG, LE L-18879, L-18956, VBGI 92463, 92547, 92558. — Shik (30).

P. omphalodes (L.) Ach. — 9-11, 13, 15, 25, 30, on stone, SC 159, 160, 162, 163, 170, 173, 190, 209, LK 332, 336,344,345,353,399, 444, KPABG, LE L-18664, L-18868, L-18900, L-18966, VBGI 92473, 92493. — Shik (25).

P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. — 13, 15, 30, on soil and stone, SC 170,209, LK353, 448, KPABG, LE L-18597, VBGI 92475. — Shik (25).

*P. shinanoana Zahlbr. — 6, 10, 11, 13, 15, 30, on soil, plant debris, mosses and stone, LK 320, 336, 358, SC 154, 163, 167, 207, KPABG, LE L-18591, L-18938. — Sakh (1, 4, 18), Kun (4, 31).

Parmelia squarrosa Hale — 5, 6, 10, 13, 19, 20, 27-29, on bark of rotten tree, on bark of Acer sp., Betula ermanii, Salix sp., Taxus cuspidata, on branches of Larix kurilensis, on soil, on mosses, SC 148, 149, 150, 153, 162, 181, 204, LK 310, 311, 337, 347, 378, 379, 418, 433, KPABG, LE L-18933, L-18962, VBGI 92462, 92542, 92543. — Shik (30).

Parmeliella parvula P. M. Jorg. — Shik (13).

!P. thriptophylla (Ach.) Müll. Arg. — 27, on bark of Acer sp., LK 422, LE L-18684. The nearest known localities are in Primorye [Tchabanenko, 2002, as P. corallinoides (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.] and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al., 2014) territories.

*Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold — 5, on wood, LK314, VBGI 92552. — Sakh (4, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (33, 34).

Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. — Shik (36).

P. canina (L.) Willd. — 13, 15, on soil, LK347,357, KPABG, LE L-18935. — Shik (23).

P. degenii Gyeln. — 12, 20, on bark of Picea sp. and Taxus cuspidata, LK 321, 341, SC 181, KPABG, LE L-18880, VBGI 92496. — Shik (35).

P. horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. — Shik (35).

P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyeln. — 10, 13, 15, 25, on stone, on soil over stone, on mosses, SC 160, LK331,344,347,357,401,405,410, KPABG, LE L-18934, L-18951, L18952. — Shik (23, 35).

*P. malacea (Ach.) Funck — 25, on mosses, SC 192, LE L-18889. — Sakh (4, 12), Kun (4, 31).

P. neckeri Hepp ex Müll. Arg. — Shik (4, 35).

**P. neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. — 16, 20, 36, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Taxus cuspidata, on mosses, SC360, LK379, 472, LE L-18676, VBGI 92518. — Sakh (4).

P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. — 10, 26, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, on mosses, SC 197, LK 332, LE L-18618. — Shik (23, 35).

P. praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf — 10, 15, 25, 28, 31, 32, on bark of Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Salix sp., on mosses and soil, LK 339, 354, 356, 411, 434, 452, 453, SC 172, 192, 213, KPABG, LE L-18874, L-18903, L-18936, L-18964. — Shik (4, 35).

Pertusaria kamtczatica (Savicz) Zahlbr. — Shik (4, 30).

P. pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. — 25, 26, on bark of Acer sp., on plant debris, LK 398, SC 195, KPABG, LE L-18617. — Shik (30).

!P. trochiscea Norman — 13, on soil and plant debris, LK 345, LE L-18665. The nearest known locality is in Republic of Sakha (Poryadina, 2005).

*+Phaeocalicium compressulum (Szatala) A. F. W. Schmidt — 4, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, SC 146, VBGI 92452. — Itu (6).

!Phaeophyscia hirtella Essl. — 32, on bark of Acer sp., SC 215, LE L-18905. The nearest known locality is in Khabarovsk Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002).

*P. hirtuosa (Kremp.) Essl. — 11, 19, 24, 31, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Sambucus sp., SC 165, 189, 210, 212, LK377, 454, KPABG, LE L-18672, L-18901, VBGI 92481, 92483. — Sakh (3, 4, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (4, 12, 31, 34).

*P. hispidula (Ach.) Essl. — 32, on bark of Acer sp., SC 215, LE L-18637. — Sakh (1, 4, 12, 18), Itu (28), Kun (33, 34).

*P. rubropulchra (Degel.) Moberg — 16, 19, 27, 31, on bark of Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Sambucus sp., SC 210, 360, LK 377, 422, KPABG, LE L-18673. — Sakh (3, 4, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (4, 31, 34).

Phlyctis argena (Ach.) Flot. — 1, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, SC 140, LE L-18574. — Shik (30).

*Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. — 35, on stone, SC 219, LE L-18642. — Sakh (18), Itu (19).

!P. phaea (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson — 25, on stone, SC 190, VBGI 92491, 92492. The nearest known locality is in Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002).

*P. stellaris (L.) Nyl. — 19, on bark of Sambucus sp., LK377, LE L-18674. — Sakh (3, 4, 12, 18), Kun (33, 34).

*Physconia grumosa Kashiw. et Poelt — 25, on mossy stone, SC 190, VBGI 92494, 92495. — Sakh (8, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (12, 33, 34).

**P. muscigena (Ach.) Poelt — 25, on mosses, LK399, LE L-18948. — Sakh (4).

!P. perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg — 9, on stone, SC 158, LE L-18861. The nearest known locality is Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002; Skirina, 2015b).

*Pilophorus cereolus (Ach.) Hellb. — 10, on stone, LK329, SC 160, LE L-18586. — Kun

(4).

!Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tonsberg — 5, on rotten wood, LK 314, VBGI 92553. The nearest known locality is in Kamchatka Territory (Himelbrant et al., 2014, 2019).

!P. icmalea (Ach.) Coppins et P. James — 25, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, LK396, VBGI 92531. The nearest known localities are in Primorye (Skirina, 2015b), Khabarovsk (Yakovchenko et al., 2013), and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al, 2014, 2019) territories.

Platismatia interrupta W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. — 5, 7, 20, 33, on bark of Abies sachalinen-sis, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., on mosses, LK309,379, SC 149,157,216, KPABG, LE L-18908. — Shik (46).

*Polyblastidium hypoleucum (Ach.) Kalb — 1, on bark of Acer sp., SC 137, KPABG, LE L-18570. — Sakh (1, 3, 4, 12, 18), Itu (28), Kun (4, 31, 34).

*Polycauliona candelaria (L.) Fröden et al. — 30, on stone, LK448, LE L-18698. — Itu (28).

**Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel et Knoph — 1, 25, 30, on stones near creek, SC 141, 207,208, LK 400, KPABG, LE L-18851, VBGI 92476. — Sakh (16).

*P. contraponenda (Arnold) Knoph et Hertel — 1, on stone, LK 295, LE L-18646. — Itu (28).

**P. crustulata (Ach.) Hertel et Knoph — 13, on stone, LK344, KPABG, LE L-18663. — Sakh (16).

HP. soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) J. R. Laundon — 30, on stone, LK 445, LE L-18697. The nearest known localities are in regions of Southern Siberia (Spisok..., 2010).

Protopannaria pezizoides (Weber) P. M. Jorg. et S. Ekman — 15, 35, on soil, LK 357, SC 219, LE L-18643, L-18667. — Shik (13).

**Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner — 6, on stone, LK 319, SC 155, KPABG, LE L-18857. — Sakh (4).

*Pseudocyphellaria perpetua McCune et Mi^dl. — 6, 12, 19, 20, 22, 31, 32, on bark and wood of Picea sp., on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Salix sp., Taxus cuspidata, LK341,375,384,452,459, 460, SC 153, 183, KPABG, LE L-18947, VBGI 92461. — Sakh (7, 18), Kun (33, 34).

Pyrenula japonica Kurok. — Shik (30).

Ramalina almquistii Vain. — 9, 10, 13, 30, on stone, SC 159,161,166,207, LK324,331,346, KPABG, LE L-18863, L-18870. — Shik (25).

R. conduplicans Vain. — 16, 18, on bark of Alnus hirsuta and Salix sp., SC 360, LK 362, KPABG, LE. — Shik (26).

*R. dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. — 5, 31, on branches of Alnus hirsuta, on bark of Picea sp., LK311, 458, LE L-18924. — Sakh (3, 4, 7, 18), Itu (26, 27), Yurii (26), Kun (4, 34).

Ramalina inflata (Hook. f. et Taylor) Hook. f. et Taylor — Shik (30).

R. pertusa Kashiw. — Shik (26).

R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. — Shik (26).

R. roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaer.) Hue — 10, 11, 27, on bark of Sambucus sp., on rotten tree, on branches of Alnus hirsuta, SC 162, 165, LK 426, KPABG, VBGI. — Shik (26, 30).

R. subbreviuscula Asahina — Shik (25).

*Ramboldia elabens (Fr.) Kantvilas et Elix — 5, on wood of Larix kurilensis, LK314, 316, LE L-18654, VBGI 92555. — Sakh (15), Kun (31).

HRamonia himelbrantii Gagarina — 35, on wood, LK470, LE L-18971. The nearest known locality is in Republic of Sakha (Chesnokov et al, 2017).

*Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. — 30, on stone, LK443,448, KPABG, LE L-18693. — Sakh (1, 4, 18), Itu (4).

**R. grande (Flörke ex Flot.) Arnold — 6, on stone, LK319, SC 155, KPABG, LE L-18925. — Sakh (4).

!Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körb. — 23, on stone, LK388, LE. The nearest known localities are in Khabarovsk (Yakovchenko et al, 2013) and Primorye (Tchabanenko, 2002) territories.

R. excrescens Vain. — 27, 32, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Populus tremula, LK 414, 462, VBGI 92544, 92561. — Shik (32).

R. hypobadia Sheard — 14, 31, 34, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Salix sp., SC 171, LK453, 466, KPABG, LE L-18703. — Shik (32).

*R. subparieta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — 5, 19, 21, 27, 32, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., Populus tremula, Salix sp., SC 150, 181, LK311,383, 414, 462, KPABG, LE L-18605, L-18923, VBGI 92544, 92560. — Sakh (7, 10, 11), Itu (28), Kun (32).

R. xanthophaea (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — 2, 21, 26, 27, 31, 32, 34, 36, on bark of Alnus hirsuta, Bet-ula ermanii, Padus ssiori, Phellodendron amurense, Populus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus commixta, LK 292, 383, 414, 424, 427, 455, 462, SC 194, 197, 199, 214, 217, 221, KPABG, LE L-18892, L-18957, VBGI 92464, 92515, 92544, 92547, 92550, 92559, 92562. — Shik (32).

Ropalospora chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman — Shik (30).

**R. lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt — 15, 30, on stone, SC 173, 207, KPABG, LE L-18899, VBGI 92471. — Sakh (14, 18).

Rusavskia elegans (Link) S. Y. Kondr. et Kärnefelt — 9, 25, on stone, LK324,399, SC 159, 190, KPABG, LE L-18865, L-18973, VBGI 92491, 92492. — Shik (23).

**+Sarea resinae (Fr.) Kuntze — 1, 5, on resin of Abies sachalinensis, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., SC 140,149,150, LK309, KPABG, LE L-18575. — Sakh (16).

**Schaereria fuscocinerea (Nyl.) Clauzade et Cl. Roux — 6, 30, on stone, SC 155, 207, LK 319,320, KPABG, LE L-18626. — Sakh (14, 18).

*Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex Stenh.) Vezda — 5, 35, on wood, on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK310, 470, LE L-18972. — Sakh (19), Itu (28).

*Scutula circumspecta (Vain.) Kistenich et al. — 6, on bark of Picea sp., SC 153, LE L-18581. — Kun (4, 30).

*#Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.: Fr.) De Not. — 25, 26, on thallus of Pertusariapertusa, LK 398, SC 195, KPABG, LE L-18617. — Sakh (3, 7, 12), Kun (4, 6, 31).

*+Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein — 14, 31, on bark and branches of Alnus hirsuta, SC 171, LK 458, LE L-18598. — Sakh (6, 16), Kun (6, 31).

Stereocaulon apocalypticum Nyl. — Shik (4).

!S. arenarium (L. I. Savicz) I. M. Lamb — 30, on stone, SC 209, LE L-18630. The nearest known locality is in Kamchatka Territory (Dombrovskaya, 1996).

S. condensatum Hoffm. — Shik (37).

S. depreaultii Delise ex Nyl. — Shik (37).

S. intermedium (Savicz) H. Magn. — Shik (37).

*S. octomerum Müll. Arg. — 10, 15, on soil, among mosses, LK 336, 358, LE L-18659, L-18668. — Sakh (4, 25), Itu (4, 25), Kun (4, 25).

S. pileatum Ach. — Shik (37).

S. pseudodepreaultii Asahina — environs of Krabozavodskoye, right side of the bay, rocks among a forb meadow with Sasa kurilensis and juniper patches, on soil, 31 VII 1981, Dombrovskaya 59, LE L-7542. — Shik (4, 37).

S. rivulorum H. Magn. — Shik (4, 37).

S. sasakii Zahlbr. — Shik (4, 37).

S. saviczii Du Rietz — Shik (40).

S. spinosum Dombr. — Shik (4, 37).

S. sterile (Savicz) I. M. Lamb ex Krog — Shik (37).

S. subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. — Shik (4, 37).

**Sticta fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach. — 10, 17, 18, 32, on bark of Salix sp., on mosses, LK337, 362, 460, SC 162, 175, KPABG, LE L-18875, L-18940, L-18969, VBGI 92543. — Sakh (10, 17).

S. nylanderiana Zahlbr. — 12, on bark of Picea sp., LK341, LE L-18930. — Shik (24).

*S. wrightii Tuck. — 20, on bark of Taxus cuspidata, SC 183, LE L-18608. — Sakh (18), Itu (12), Kun (12, 23, 33, 34).

**Strigula affinis (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris — 26, 33, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Acer sp., SC200, 216, LE L-18896. — Sakh (15).

*Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner — 2, 14, 26, 27, 36, on bark of Acer sp., Alnus hirsuta, Padus ssiori, Phellodendron amurense, SC 171,201,221, LK292,418, 427, KPABG, LE L-18955, VBGI 92470, 92510, 92549, 92556, 92557. — Sakh (18), Itu (12), Kun (4, 34).

Tetramelas triphragmioides (Anzi) A. Nordin et Tibell — 5, 8, 19, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Larix kurilensis, Picea sp., LK 323, 366, 376, SC 149, 178, 180, KPABG, LE L-18603, L-18670, VBGI 92489. — Shik (30).

!!Thelopsis flaveola Arnold — 9, on bark of Sambucus sp., LK328, LE L-18567. The nearest known locality is in Republic of Adygea (Urbanavichus et al., 2020).

**Thelotrema bicinctulum Nyl. — 19, on bark of Picea sp., SC 181, LE. — Sakh (16).

*T. lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. — 1, 7, 19, 36, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Betula ermanii, LK292,376, 476, SC 156, KPABG, LE L-18860, L-18945. — Sakh (7, 12, 18), Itu (12), Kun (12, 31, 32).

!Toniniopsis bagliettoana (A. Massal. et De Not.) Kistenich et Timdal — 35, on soil, LK 469, LE L-18705. The nearest known localities are in Primorye, Khabarovsk (Tchabanenko, 2002), and Kamchatka (Himelbrant et al, 2014) territories.

!Trapeliopsis viridescens (J. F. Gmel.) Coppins et P. James — 18, on rotten wood, LK 364, LE L-18669. The nearest known locality is in Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002).

**Tuckermannopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln. — 5, on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK 310, KPABG, LE L-18650. — Sakh (4).

!Umbilicaria cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Frey — 9, on stone, LK325, SC 158,159, KPABG, LE L-18866. The nearest known locality is in Kamchatka Territory (Himelbrant et al, 2014, 2019).

Usnea diffracta Vain. — 1, 5, 7, 10, 19, 20, 26, 33, on bark of Acer sp., Aralia elata, Betula ermanii, Padus ssiori, Salix sp., Taxus cuspidata, on bark and wood of Abies sachalinensis, Picea sp., on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK287,309,310,339,370,375, SC 138, 148, 156, 181, 201, 216, KPABG, LE L-18858, L-18912, L-18920, VBGI 92501. — Shik (30, 40).

U. glabrata (Ach.) Vain. — 5, on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK310, LE L-18921. — Shik (30).

U. longissima Ach. — 5, 10, 19, on bark of Abies sachalinensis, Salix sp., on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK339, SC 148, 178, KPABG, LE L-18852, VBGI 92488. — Shik (30).

U. rubicunda Stirt. — 5, 19, 20, on bark of Aralia elata, Taxus cuspidata, on branches of Larix kurilensis, LK370, SC 148, 181, KPABG, LE L-18577. — Shik (30, 40).

!Varicellaria lactea (L.) I. Schmitt et Lumbsch — 9, on stone, LK 325, LE L-18928. The nearest known localities are in the Amur Region, Primorye and Khabarovsk territories (Tcha-banenko, 2002).

V. velata (Turner) I. Schmitt et Lumbsch — Shik (30).

!Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. — 25, on stone, LK 409, LE. The nearest known locality is in Primorye Territory (Tchabanenko, 2002).

**Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale — 9, 10, 30, on stone, LK 324,336, 450, SC 158, KPABG, LE L-18658, L-18967. — Sakh (8, 18).

X. stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti et D. Hawksw. — 6, 23, 30, on stone, SC 154, 186,319, KPABG, LE L-18583, L-18691, L-18885. — Shik (25).

HHXylographa hians Tuck. (Fig. 3F) — 5, 34, on wood, LK317, 468, KPABG, LE L-18655. In the world, the species is known from North and South America (Spribille et al., 2014). Xy-lographa hians is characterized by ascomata regenerating from the edges of spent excipular shells in multiple directions, to form chains or stars, which new ascomata darker due to gray pigment compared to the central part (Spribille et al, 2014). Xylographa hians can be distinguished from all other species of Xylographa by the combination of short ascomata, long, wide ascospores and abundant gray pigment, the latter especially in pycnidia and the excipula of new ascomatal initials.

!!X. trunciseda (Th. Fr.) Minks ex Redinger — 20, on wood of Taxus cuspidata, LK 379, LE L-18677. The nearest known locality is in Trans-Baikal Territory (Chesnokov, Konoreva, 2015).

Discussion

In total, we have identified 229 species of lichens, including Xylographa hians — new to Eurasia, Candelariella subdeflexa — new to Russia, Arthonia vinosa, Bacidina chloroticula, Biatora pontica, Cresponea premnea, Ephebe lanata, Porpidia soredizodes, Ramonia himelbrantii, Thelopsis flaveola, and Xylographa trunciseda — new to the Russian Far East, 28 species are new to Sakhalin Region, 39 species are new to Kuril Islands, and 94 species are new to Shikotan Island. In total, 273 species of lichenized, two lichenicolous, three non-lichenized fungi are known for Shikotan Island now. Most of the lichen species reported here are common in the Russian Far East. About 50% of the species are typical for the boreal zone. However, some lichens more common in tropical and subtropical regions (i. e., Anzia japonica, Brigantiaea ferruginea, Cetreliopsis asahinae, Coenogonium isidiatum, Heterodermia obscurata, Lethariella to-gashii, Leucodermia boryi, Megalospora tuberculosa, Menegazzia nipponica, Myelochroa leucotyliza, Oropogon asiaticus, Pannaria lurida, Polyblastidium hypoleucum, Strigula

affinis, Thelopsis flaveola, Thelotrema bicinctulum) were also found in Shikotan Island, which makes its lichen biota unique. All these species were found in epiphytic lichen communities.

Although forests occupy only about 23% of the island, they are the main source of lichen diversity (about 53% of lichens are represented by corticolous and lignicolous species). Most of the island is treeless and is not available for lichen colonization, due to the continuous cover of Sasa kurilensis and tall herb cover. Exceptions are seaside cliffs and rocky outcrops within the island, where there are enough microniches free from vegetation. To such habitats the remaining groups of lichens (saxicolous, terri-colous, muscicolous) are confined. Thus, the lichen flora of Shikotan Island can be characterized as boreal involving tropical and subtropical species.

Among the South Kuril Islands, Shikotan Island ranks third in area (260 km2), significantly behind Iturup (3187 km2) and Kunashir (1490 km2) islands. In addition, the Iturup and Kunashir islands are more than 70% occupied by forests. However, Shikotan Island is not inferior in the number of identified lichen species (278) to the Iturup (223) and Kunashir (373) islands. This is due to the different accessibility of the islands for researchers. Thus, lack of roads, difficult-to-pass Sasa kurilensis thickets on the Iturup Island make large areas inaccessible for research, therefore most lichen collections were made in the central and southern parts of the island. Kunashir and Shikotan are more accessible to researchers.

Acknowledgments

The work of SC was supported by the grant of the President of the Russian Federation no. МК-4984.2021.1.4 "Subtropical species of lichens in the flora of the Russian Far East"; the work of LK was carried out in the frame of institutional research projects "Cryptogamic biota of Pacific Asia: taxonomy, biodiversity, species distribution" of the Botanical Garden-Institute of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors are grateful to S. I. Tchabanenko and A. A. Taran for their help in organizing the expedition to Shikotan Island. We would like to thank two reviewers for their valuable comments that helped to improve this paper.

References / Литература

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