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31Complex Systems of Charged Particles and their Interactions with Electromagnetic Radiation 2019
CHARGED PARTICLES OF DUST, ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES AND THE GENERATION OF VORTICES IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS
O.A. Sinkevich1,2, N.G. Gusein-zade3
i
National Research University «MPEI», Moscow Russia Joint Institute for High Temperature. Moscow Russia
2
2
Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
The presence of solid charged particles (dusts) in a gaseous medium can have a significant impact on the occurrence of electrical discharges and the dynamics of vortex motion in the atmospheres of the Earth, Mars, Jupiter and other planets. These processes can have an impact on the conduct of various technical processes (landing, moving and taking off of spacecraft, placing observation stations, etc.) on the surface of planets. Similar phenomena in the Moon atmosphere require special analysis. Here we briefly consider the features of the occurrence and development of electrical discharges in the atmosphere of the Moon under mechanical action on its surface.
The quantitative analysis of the processes of electrical discharge occurrence and their role in the generation of vortex perturbations in the gas atmospheres of planets is based on the equations of gas dynamics and electrodynamics of continuous media, considering that in the gas atmosphere there are solid particles moving with speed Vd, density nd, mass m and that carry a charge eZ In the simplest case, the equation describing the generation of a vortex under the influence of charged particles in a gas has the form:
-f- O = (eZ/)vndxE, ^<< 1, V-E = e(z+nd+-z nd-), dt \ / P) n0 £
dndj ^
+ Pd]EVnd] - DjAndj = N+ j (E, P,nd ), j = +,
Here ^ = Vxv is the vorticity of gases, E - electric field intensity, s- dielectric constant of the medium, Dd, /d are the charged particles coefficient diffusion and mobility, respectively,
N+(V, Vd.P-, nd) is the source of charged particles.
There is a large difference in the processes of electrical discharges development and the generation of a vortex for the atmospheres of the Earth, Mars and the Moon. This is primarily due to the
fact that even with the same value of charge and density of charged particles, the ratio ndn ^p differs by many orders of magnitude. If the Earth's atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, then the Moon's almost absent atmosphere consists of neon-20, helium, and hydrogen [1]. In the Moon's atmosphere there is practically no convective movement of the gaseous medium. Solid particles arise from dusts covering the surface of the Moon when micro and macro meteorites strike. . However, when mechanically acting on the surface of spacecraft moving across the surface of the Moon, dust clouds may occur, in which the gaseous medium is only a small part of the total weight. When mechanically acting on dust, dust particles are charged (for example, by the triboelectric effect). Particles of different sizes acquire a different electric charge [2]. In some cases, due to the different mass of particles, their separation occurs and the formation of a condenser. In other modes of development of a dust cloud, the possibility arises of the development of an electrical discharge in a cloud of dust. In some cases, between layers of dust carrying a differently charged charge, an electrical discharge may occur.
^ O = (eZ/ )vnd x E, ^ >> 1, V-E = e ( z+nd+~ z nd-), dt \ /mono! no sv + ;
dV, ez
Le-g-y
dt m j
f \
^ m 7 ^ V j--V j
v mi
j =
References
[1] Stern S. Alan. //Rev. Geophys. 1999. V. 37/ N4/ pp. 453—491.
[2] Wang, Z., Lin, L., Chen, J., Niu, S., Zi, Y Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Springer. 2016. 517 p.
