CC BY
14
UDC 616.314-001.4
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORAL CAVITY ORGANS AND TISSUES IN YOUNG PEOPLE ENGAGED IN BODYBUILDING
1 Altai State Medical University, Barnaul
2 Omsk State Medical University, Omsk
V.O. Buchneva1, O.V. Oreshaka1, V.B. Nedoseko2
The article presents an analysis of indicators characterizing the state of the dental status of young people who are independently involved in sports exercises with weights in gyms. According to the obtained results, the surveyed contingent of individuals were predominantly characterized by non-carious lesions of hard dental tissues in the form of their increased abrasion, more often localized, functional disorders of the temporomandibular joints, as well as inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues.
Key words: dental status, bodybuilding, increased abrasion of hard tissues of teeth, temporomandibular joint.
In recent years, healthy lifestyle has been actively promoted in our country. One of its directions, especially among young people, is the formation of a correct, beautiful physique [1, 2].
To achieve their goals, young people go to the gym and improve their physical performance using various specialized equipment, often with large weights [3]. In some cases, the uncontrolled use of weights can have a negative impact not only on the organism as a whole, but also on the state of the dental system [4, 5].
At the same time, the influence of sports loads with the use of weights on the dental status of young people remains insufficiently studied [6].
Objective: to assess the condition of the oral cavity organs and tissues in young people engaged in bodybuilding for the further development of a complex of preventive and therapeutic measures.
Materials and methods
The observation group included 20 males aged from 20 to 29 years, training in the gym for 3-4 years with a frequency of 3-4 times a week.
The comparison group consisted of 20 males of the same age who did not regularly perform any sports.
For the detection of carious cavities, conventional (examination, probing) methods were used with recording the localization of carious cavities, fillings and extracted teeth. The intensity of tooth decay caries was determined by counting the indices of the CFE and CFEf. Non-carious lesions of hard dental tissues were also determined. To assess the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the Green-Vermilion Index was used (Green, Vermilion, 1964). The prevalence of the inflammatory process in the gums was determined by the PMA index modified by Parma (1960). Gingival bleeding was evaluated by the Muhleman index (Muhlemann, H. R., Son S., 1971) modified by Cowell (Cowell C. R. et. al, 1975). Acid resistance of tooth enamel was determined by the method of V.R. Okushko, L.I. Kosareva, I.K. Lutskaya (1984) by means of the
enamel resistance test (ERT). There was performed the palpation and auscultation of the TMj.
To check the significance of differences between the quantitative data in the independent groups, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used, the differences were considered significant by p<0.05.
Results and discussion
Based on the life anamnesis, it was found that the examined patients did not have chronic somatic diseases.
Against this background, an analysis of the results showed that the values of the CFE index in young people in the observation group engaged in physical exercises with weights amounted to 4.8 ± 0.4, and the CFEf - 6.3 ± 0.6. Sufficiently high rates of intensity of carious lesions were mainly determined by the number of fillings. At the same time, similar indicators characterizing the intensity of carious lesions in the comparison group turned out to be significantly higher and were respectively 5.1 ± 0.5 and 7.4 ± 0.4.
In most young people, both in the observation group and the comparison group, the hygienic condition of the oral cavity corresponded to a good level, namely, the values of the Green-Vermillion index were 0.8 ± 0.2 for the former, and 1.1 ± 0.2 for the latter. The values of ERT-test in young people involved in bodybuilding were 27.0 ± 5.8, and in those from the comparison group - 21.6 ± 4.0, which in both cases corresponded to the normal acid resistance of tooth enamel.
Estimation of papillary-marginal-alveolar index in the observation group showed that they constituted 33.1 ± 3.41%, which corresponded to the moderate severity of gingivitis and confirmed the presence of inflammatory changes in the gums. In the comparison group, the values of this indicator were significantly lower - 9.07 ± 0.98%, and corresponded to mild severity of gingivitis.
Against this background, young people from the observation group also showed a significant
increase in the values of the Muhleman-Cowell index, which characterizes bleeding of the gums under 1.1 ± 0.4 points against the same in the comparison group - 0.1 ± 0.04 points.
In assessing the state of hard dental tissue in a quarter of the surveyed young people involved in bodybuilding, an increased generalized abrasion of the first degree, mostly of a horizontal form, was detected, and in six people - an increased localized abrasion in the anterior tooth group of the first degree was detected. Thus, in half of the examined individuals from the observation group, the presence of increased erasability of particlar form was revealed. In the comparison group, non-carious lesions of hard dental tissues were not found.
Dysfunctional disorders in the temporoman-dibular joints were detected in 12 of 20 amateur athletes. They manifested asynchronous, asymmetrical displacement of the condyles in the tem-poromandibular joint during opening of the mouth and zigzag movement of the lower jaw relative to the midline of the face, not accompanied by pain and extraneous noise.
Thus, the dental examination of young people engaged in physical exercises with weights revealed the presence of increased erasability of hard dental tissues in most of them, combined with functional disorders of the TMJ, and in some cases, inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues.
In this regard, the timely prevention and treatment of dental disorders in representatives of this sport is of paramount importance. Our research continues in this direction.
References
1. Pogozhev G., Pogozheva L. Rules of health and longevity from academician Bolotov. St. Petersburg, 2015.
2. Kostyuk Z.M., Ponomareva A.G., Tsarev V.N., Krivoshchapov M.V. Investigation of dental pathology specific in athletes of different sports. Sports science bulletin. 2014; 2: 38-41.
3. Tikhonov V.F., Sukhovey, A.V. Leonov D.V. The basics of kettlebell lifting: learning motor actions and training methods. Tutorial. M.: Soviet Sport, 2009: 133.
4. Buchneva V.O., Oreshaka O.V. Dental status of persons involved in sports (literature review). University proceedings. Volga region. Medical sciences. 2017; 2 (42): 124-134.
5. Buchneva V.O., Oreshaka O.V. Impact on the state of the dental status of young people bodybuilding. Success of Modern Science and Education. 2017; 9 (4): 18-19.
6. Shakhlina L.N. Physical rehabilitation. Modern aspects. Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports. 2012; 9: 98-113.
Contacts
Corresponding author: Buchneva Valeriya Olegov-na, Resident of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul. 656038, Barnaul, Lenina Prospekt, 40. Tel.: (3852) 242616. Email: science@agmu.ru
Author information
Oreshaka Oleg Vasil'evich, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul.
656038, Barnaul, Lenina Prospekt, 40.
Tel.: (3852) 242616.
Email: oreshaka@yandex.ru
Nedoseko Vladimir Borisovich, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Omsk State Medical University, Omsk.
644099, Omsk, ul. Lenina, 12. Tel.: (3812) 957001. Email: rector@omsk-osma.ru
