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Town-planning factors reflect the situation of a certain area in a functional-planning structure of the city and include the following indices: presence of engineering communications, or capacity to their construction, transport availability, belongings to a particular functional zone and historical -cultural value of assessed district.
Ecological factors of land assessment are the presence of green plants and their area, noise level, waste volume, radiation level, pollution of air, water, soil, placing sanitary-protection, water-protection zones, and danger of flood, landslide, subsidence, earthquake, and closeness of ground waters.
The main problem of establishing market price is the absence of above mentioned indices that is connected with insufficient development of the land market.
1. Land code of Russian Federation. (ed. 29.12.2010) // Russian Newspaper. 2010. December31.
2. Petrov V. I. Assessment of cost of the land plots. Manual. Ed. By Fedotova M.A. M., 2007.
3. Resolution of Ministry of property of RF at 06.03.2002 № 568-p (edition at 31.07.2002) «On approval of methodological recommendations for determining the market price of the land plots» URL: http://www.consultant.ru/online/base/?req=doc; base=LAW;n=38786.
4. Romm A.P. Methodological bases of the estimation of the urban lands // Audition Register. 1999. № 3. URL: http:// www.appraiser.ru/default.aspx?SectionId = 42&Id = 1 669& mode=doc.
5. Russian Federation .Laws on evaluation activity in RF Federal law at 29.07.1998, № 135-03 // Consultant -plus. Version prof.
6. Russian Federation .Resolutions on establishing a federal standard of assessment “Aim of assessment and types of costs (OCO № 2) »: Decree of the RF Government at 20.07.2007, № 255-nn // Consultant plus. Version Prof...
удк 331.101.262:37 A.V. Kochemazov
CHANGE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES MARKET AS A FORMATION FACTOR OF THE JOB OFFER (on the example of Volga federal district)
Article considers the changes of structure of the educational resources .The author analyzes the educational level of the employed and unemployed population of Privolzhsky federal district in comparison with data across the Russian Federation. He has defined the problem of formation of a labor market in interrelation with development of the educational resources market.
Key words: the market of educational resources, a labor market, the labor, the employed population, the jobless population.
A.B. Кочемазов
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ РЫНКА ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ КАК ФАКТОР ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ РАБОЧЕЙ СИЛЫ (на примере Приволжского федерального округа)
Статья посвящена изменениям структуры рынка образовательных ресурсов. Автором проанализирован уровень образования занятого и безработного населения Приволжского федерального округа в сравнении с данными в целом по Российской Федерации. Определены проблемы формирования рынка труда во взаимосвязи с развитием рынка образовательных ресурсов.
Ключевые слова: рынок образовательных ресурсов, рынок труда, рабочая сила, занятое население, безработное население.
The world community understands more and more the increasing role of a human capital. Many scientists do researches in this area. In period of establishing of postindustrial society the educational resources are regarded as strategic resources, i.e. knowledge determines the pace of society development. Educational resource becomes a necessary premise of effective functioning and renovation of production. The quality of educational resources market management is becoming more important. The role of highly qualified labor and creative personality increase and at the same time the links between spheres of personnel training and production become more complicated.
According to the World Bank analysts, production constituent of GDP of developed countries - is only 18-20%, the rest 80% depends on quality of the objects of educational resources market. Labor qualification level is one of the key factors, influencing the formation of a basic element of labor market - job offer. Analyzing the situation of educational structure of the population of Privolzhsky federal region (PFR), one may note the following peculiarities. In general the educational level of current structure of employed population (2008 year) of PFR is identical to the Russian trends [4] (table 1).
T a b l e 1
Educational level of the structure of employed population in 2008 year.
(according to the data of selective investigation of employment problems in % to results)
Education
Hi ghe r Incomplete higher Secondary vocational Initial profes- sional Secondary compulsory ed ucation General compulsory Not having general compulsory
Russian Federation 27,1 1,6 26,7 18,7 20,9 4,6 0,5
Privolzhsky federal region 23,7 1,5 25,9 21,7 22,6 4,2 0,5
Republic of Bashkortostan 20,7 0,9 26,5 25,5 21,5 4,4 0,7
Mary El republic 24,2 1,0 26,7 28,5 16,3 3,1 0,2
Republic of Mordovia 26,7 1,2 25,1 18,9 21,8 4,1 2,2
Republic of Tatarstan 25,0 2,4 23,0 20,7 26,0 2,6 0,4
Udmurt republic 24,6 2,2 25,4 16,3 25,0 6,2 0,3
Chuvash republic 22,0 1,2 20,2 24,7 25,5 5,4 0,8
Perm region 22,6 1,2 25,6 26,9 17,7 5,6 0,4
Kirov region 19,1 1,9 28,8 25,2 19,2 5,4 0,5
Nizhny Novgorod region 25,2 1,6 26,9 16,2 25,2 4,4 0,5
O re nbu rg reaion 17,9 1,1 25,6 35,6 14,7 4,7 0,5
Penza region 27,7 2,0 26,0 18,0 22,7 3,3 0,4
Region of samara 27,6 1,2 25,9 18,3 22,6 4,0 0,4
Saratov region 24,9 1,5 27,8 17,5 24,7 3,1 0,6
Ulianovsk region 22,6 1,1 29,8 14,3 28,2 3,8 0,2
These data show that in the structure of employed population the biggest share is the category of people with vocational education (25,9% in PFR; 26,6% in RF). All the rest subjects of Povolzhsky Federal region have practically the same picture. Ulianovsk region (29,8%), Kirov region (28,8%), Saratov region (27,8%) are distinguished from this point of view. Higher education occupies the second place in the educational structure. Penza region, Samara
region and Republic of Mordovia are distinguished by their unique position of the indices of higher education. Kirov region is on the lowest level. The employed population with secondary compulsory education is on the third position in a general structure. It is a bit higher than across Russia (20,9%) [3].
The educational level structure of unemployed population differs from the employed one. Table 2 data show, that the unemployed population primarily possesses secondary education and particularly the lack of vocational training determines this status [4].The share of unemployed population with secondary vocational education is also high. If we compare situation with unemployed, possessing higher education, we may conclude, that the last is in a more advantageous situation. The share of unemployed population with incomplete secondary and primary (initial) vocational training both in PFR and in Russia in general is rather big. The given situation testifies that unemployed with higher level of qualification have more chances to keep a job place.
Given statistic data show that the last decades there is a tendency of shifting of educational structure of labor resources towards higher education as a result stable increasing of graduates of higher schools and simultaneous lowering of the rate of graduates with secondary and primary vocational training [1]. These processes are illustrated in figures 1, 2 and 3.
T a b l e 2
Structure of educational level of the unemployed in 2008 year
(according to selective data of employment problems, of the investigation, % of the result)
Unemployed with education
Higher Incomplete higher Vocational Primary vocational Seco ndary (compulsory) General compulsory Not havi ng general compulsory
Russian Federation 11,4 3,3 19,3 19,5 33,3 11,6 1,5
Privolzhsky federal district 11,3 3,0 20,8 22,9 32,1 9,0 0,9
Republic of Bashcortostan 10,9 2,6 20,4 31,0 30,1 3,9 1,0
Marii El ReDublb 11,8 2,8 21,1 31,9 23,7 8,8
Republic of Mordovia 15,9 2,3 28,7 26,2 22,0 3,0 1,8
Republic of Tatarstan 17,9 1,6 18,9 16,4 34,9 9,3 1,1
Udmurt ReDublic 7,9 43 21,6 19,5 34,8 11,9
Chuvash Republic 12,4 1,6 22,4 26,1 31,2 6,3
Perm region 9,7 1,2 17,6 27,4 29,8 12,9 1,4
Kirov region 10,7 20,4 28,3 29,6 8,9 2,0
Nizhny Novgorod region 12,6 4,0 21,9 14,2 35,2 11,6 0,5
Orenburg region 5,5 1,0 30,1 40,0 16,3 7,2
Penza region 10,5 8,2 14,9 20,0 39,2 6,6 0,6
Samara region 9,5 6,7 19,2 19,7 35,4 8,8 0,6
Saratov region 16,6 4,4 20,7 14,2 32,9 8,8 2,5
Ulianovsk region 5,4 2,2 21,6 13,2 46,9 10,7
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Figure 1. Number of qualified workers trained by primary vocational establishments, thousands people. m - RF ■ - VFR
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
5 5 135 8.5
I
635,1
401,1 403,2 !
L 33,8 H 166,4 171,3
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
Figure 2. The number of specialists trained by secondary special establishments, thousands people.
■ - RF ■ VFR
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990
1995
2000
I \ I
401,1 403,2
2006
2CC7
271,3
2C08
Figure 3. Number of graduates trained by higher educational establishments, thousands people.
■ - RF H - VFR
The current trends will remain, that is stipulated, first of all, by structural changes of able-bodied population, that increased by generation born in 1980 -s, and, secondly due to orientation of 17-18 year old males tend to get higher education, that will inevitably affect the educational resources market.
The redundant inflow of the specialists with higher education on the market may create extra tension. Therefore it is very vital today to discuss these social issues as subjects of priority [5].
From one hand, the increasing level of education economically active population ameliorates their professional qualification structure, upgrading competitive characteristics. Improving of personnel structure from the point of social mobility - is rather a positive indicator. From the other hand, the educational resources market lag behind to meet the requirements of current economic state of affairs (transition to new technologies) and creates shortage of specialists of higher qualification, capable to train new staff. Besides, study in higher or secondary educational establishment is socially significant phenomenon from the point of settling the youth employment problems.
The current context implies to consider the problem of formation of labor market in interconnection with development of educational resources market. As a result of changes of general situation on the labor market caused by the transition to a complete employment system and reformation of sphere of education, social links were broken, educational system and sphere of labor became unbalanced.
Under conditions of formation of educational resources market institution in Russia there is a transformation of labor relations system, employment structure, change of demand for labor forces in general, for separate social-professional, social-demographic groups of employees in the regions.
The given processes are deeply rooted. Market economy affects the character of labor relations, releasing labor from non-eco-nomic restrictions of freedom. The educational resources market in the frames of the current economic system makes its subjects oriented on creative search for more preferable conditions of buying and selling and realization of labor forces potential.
At the same time the current state of Russian economy deters development of labor relations and has not released them from the influence of the formed schemes. Qualification structure of educational resources market of modern Russian economic system develop in the way of prereform period tendencies. That means that during the period of market transformation it has not changed substantially. Analysis of qualification structure of labor forces allowed to assess the structure of employed population of Russia compared to the USA during the period of the late 1980-s - middle of 1990-s. It is rather significant, that the share of highly qualified workers in Russian economy amounts to 7, 6%, while in the USA - 5,5%. At the same time, Russian economy loses in respect of unqualified
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labor, the share of which is two times higher (22,1 and 10,4% respectively).
The high proportion of unqualified labor has not practically changed during the years of reforms. Thus, under rather ambiguous conditions on the educational resources market and labor market the behavior of their subjects remain unsupported by external and internal incentives of creative self-realization. The current qualification structure of educational resources market proves this. These Russian-wide tendencies are typical for Russian regions.
The estimation of qualification constituency of the current Russian economy (the same trends are typical for PFR) enables to speak about its contradictory character. If the quality of labor force doesn't meet entirely the needs of market conjuncture, then demand, on the contrary, toughens its conditions. In recent years a serious transformation takes place in this direction. The employers, oriented on high-technological productions, experience a great need in highly qualified workers. It is especially obvious in industry. But the modern system of personnel training and retraining doesn't have scientific and material-technical base adequate to the forming demand. Thus, educational resources market with its qualification constituent of the individuals is lagging behind the emerging demand.
The important feature of the modern period of development of Russia is a continuing shift of the graduates of the educational establishments to the category of the ablebodied population, that was determined by a high birthrate in 1980-s. The current trends will remain for the com-
ing 5 years that will substantially increase the tension on the market of PFR. This situation causes a disproportion in the process of formation of the educational resources market. The main issue is that undeveloped educational resources market can't meet the increasing demands, and the further growth of the share of the young ablebodied population will worsen the whole situation. Hereby the important role in the interaction of educational resources market and labor market is played by the sphere of reproduction of labor potential, aimed at maintenance of a certain level of training, qualification and retraining, etc. [2]. These issues require searching new approaches and new methods of the interaction of all actors of the educational resources market and labor market (business, educational structures, employees), in other case it will face a threat of the redundant inflow of the insufficiently qualified labor force.
1. Dinnes VA, Rusanovsky VA. Educational regional system // Saratov region: the experience and development strategies. Saratov: SSSEU, 2004.
2. NikitovA.V. Structural -functional reorganization in Russian system of education// SSCEU bulletin. 2011. № 2 (36).
3. The survey of employment of the population: statistic. Ed./ RF State Committee on Statistics. M., 2010. Volume 1.
4. Russian regions : stat. Ed. In 2 volumes/ State committee of statistics of Russia. M., 2010. V.1.
5. Rudacov M.N. Labour Market: laws and mechanisms of functioning. Petrozavodsk, 2009.
УДК 338.24 A.V. Kuznetsov
NECESSITY OF MANAGEMENT OF THE STRATEGIC CAPACITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS
The author gives reasons of necessity of management of the strategic capacities of the industrial organizations. The article reveals the essence of the strategic capacities. It is proved that strategic capacity must possess a stable content of production process under competitive conditions.
Key words: strategic capacity, strategic management, production, resources, competencies.
A.B. Кузнецов
НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИМ ПОТЕНЦИАЛОМ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Обосновывается необходимость управления стратегическим потенциалом производственных организаций. Раскрывается сущность стратегического потенциала. Показано, что стратегический потенциал производственной организации в условиях конкуренции должен обладать постоянством содержания в производственном процессе.
Ключевые слова: стратегический потенциал, стратегическое управление, производство, ресурсы, компетенции.
The current state of industrial sphere determines the need of formation in domestic industrial organizations a particular management system, providing the competitiveness and stable functioning under terms of acute competition.
Such system should be characterized by a high degree of branch development, studying the market, creating new
market structure, differentiating production functions and distribution system. Such direction of branch activity may become a basis for formation a huge strategic potential of industrial organization. According to I. Ansoff “strategic decisions are mainly connected rather with external than internal problems of the company, particularly decisions on nomenclature of produced products and choice of the mar-
