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11SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 6 I 2021 _ISSN: 2181-1601
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF LIVER CANCER
Dilfuza Otabek qizi Otajonova
Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy 4th year student of vocational
education at the Faculty of Pediatrics Otaj onovad99@gmail .com
ABSTRACT
The liver is the largest secretory gland in the human body and performs many functions in the body. This article explores the most common types of liver cancer that are currently a global problem and are highly evolving.
Keywords: Liver cancer, Hepatitis C, gene mutation, metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: We do not know the exact causes of liver cancer, but risk factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, liver infections such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C, other medical and genetic conditions, and other concerns. The lack of screening screening for liver cancer at the moment is the best approach to detecting liver cancer at a more treatable stage, making us aware of risk factors early, knowing the signs and symptoms.
Liver cancer can affect both children and adults, but occurs in adults. There are several types of liver cancer, but the following risk factors are called liver cancer and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma). Studies have shown that liver cancer and bile duct cancer are on the rise worldwide and are the leading cause of cancer in some areas. General risk factors
A series of cancer gene mutations begin when a cell becomes out of control. There are several mechanisms by which this has not been confirmed in liver cancer. It is known that several factors increase the risk of developing the disease. Some of them are very important, while others can only carry a small amount of risk. While experts don't know if they're really related to them, other risk factors are also taken into account. Known risk factors: Race and sex
Liver cancer in Asia and the Pacific is more likely to develop than in other regions, mainly due to the hepatitis epidemic in these regions. Liver cancer often develops in the Caucasus. Liver cancer is more common in men than in women. Hepatitis B infection
Chronic hepatitis B infection is a major risk factor for the development of liver cancer and is a major cause of many liver cancers in Africa and Asia. Hepatitis C infection
Hepatitis C is a major risk factor for the development of liver cancer and is currently the leading cause of liver cancer in the United States, Europe and Japan. Unlike hepatitis B,
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most people are not infected with the virus and it becomes a progressive disease. 10-30 percent of infected people contribute to the development of cirrhosis. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition similar to alcoholic liver disease, but with a different mechanism of fat accumulation in the liver (fatty liver). The risk of liver cancer with NAFLD is almost four times higher in the general population. Closely related, metabolic syndrome can also be a risk factor for liver cancer. Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression increases the risk of other cancers, such as liver cancer. HIV / AIDS is associated with a five-fold greater risk of developing liver cancer. Recipients of organ transplants are twice as likely to develop liver cancer as the general population, and the risk is also higher for recipients of liver transplants. Lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus)
The reason for this is unclear, but people with red breasts are more than twice as likely to develop liver cancer. Diabetes mellitus
People with diabetes are at risk for liver cancer. Interestingly, the diabetic drug Glucophage (metformin) may reduce this risk. Chemical exposure (and occupational hazards)
A number of chemical effects are associated with the development of liver cancer and are possibly carcinogens. Sclerosing cholangitis
Sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic liver disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, including colitis of the colon and ulcers). Sclerosing cholangitis leads to inflammation of the gallbladder and injury to the abdominal cavity, so it sticks to the liver of the bile duct, so there is also scarring. Between 10 percent and 15 percent of people with the disease develop cholangiocarcinoma (biliary bowel cancer). Results:
Aflatoxin exposure
Despite being a unique risk factor in the United States, it is important worldwide. Aflatoxin B1 is a toxin produced by fungi (genus Aspergillus) that grow on foods such as wheat, soybeans and corn. The toxin damages the p53 gene in liver cells - a tumor syndrome gene that helps repair damaged DNA and prevent the growth of harmful cells. Studies are ongoing to determine whether aflatoxin causes factor formation in liver cancer spontaneously or in association with hepatitis B. Genetics
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Liver cancer works in families (even if there is no specific genetic disease) and increases your risk of being related to the disease (on both sides). If you have a first-degree relative, such as a parent, sibling, or child, the risk is greater. Some known genetic diseases also affect risk, including: Hemochromatosis
Hereditary hemochromatosis (an iron overload disease) is often characterized by the breakdown and storage of iron in the body's liver. Occasionally, this condition usually leads to cirrhosis and liver failure (other medical problems).
The risk of liver cancer in people with hemochromatosis is 20 times higher than in the general population. Treatment (periodic removal of blood) can reduce the risk of problems, but many may not be aware of the condition until problems have arisen. Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis has become a genetic component because it works in families. It is a progressive, autoimmune disease that leads to bile structure in the liver, biliary tract damage, liver damage, and cirrhosis. Chronic biliary cirrhosis is associated with a higher risk of liver cancer, similar to chronic hepatitis C. Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease is a rare genetic disease characterized by accumulation of copper in the body and is a risk factor for liver cancer. Other hereditary diseases
Other hereditary diseases that may increase the risk of liver cancer include alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, porphyria cutanea tar, and glycogen storage disorders. Conclusion:
The most common cause of liver cancer today is alcohol and malnutrition.
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