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19SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 2 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
CAUSES AND EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT OF VIBRATIONS OCCURRED BY MACHINERY AND MECHANISMS
Nurzod Kamoliddin Gulnoza Gazaloy
Shavkatjon ogli Raxmat Xabibulla qizi Gulomjonovna
Abduqodirov ogli Oqyolov Jalilova Nishonova
Fergana Polytechnic Institute
ABSTRACT
This article provides a theoretical analysis of the causes of vibration and extinguishing devices that occur during the operation of machines and mechanisms. Keywords: vibration, amplitude, vibration suppression, resonance.
INTRODUCTION
During the operation of machines and mechanisms, vibrations of different amplitudes occur. Simply put, any machine or mechanism vibrates where it has motion or a drive device (engine). The reasons for these vibrations are:
• as a result of deflection of the shafts of the propulsion device (engine);
• as a result of failure of the means of transmission (clutch, shaft, shaft, etc.);
• increase in the frequency of oscillations (Hz) as a result of an increase in the number of oscillations per second of the studied quantity;
• are vibrations that occur as a result of rapidly rotating machine parts or the imbalance of the workpiece.
General methods of vibration reduction are based on the analysis of equations describing the vibrations of technological machines and mechanisms, and at the same time we can eliminate or reduce the use of vibration absorbers [1].
For simplicity, the analysis assumes that the system is affected by a distorted variable. has the following: therefore, the equation has the following form, which represents the relationship between the oscillation velocity (Vm) and the amplitude of the driving force (Fm)
V = Fm -(1)
m I-~(1)
Where: m - is the mass of the system, kg; k - coefficient of virginity of the
system, N / m; ® - is the angular frequency of the driving force, rad / s. [2]
The denominator in this equation describes the total mechanical resistance of the
system under the action of the driving force, the quantity i characterizes the active part
k
of this resistance, and the quantity (mw — —) is the reactive part.
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VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 2 I 2021 ISSN: 2181-1601
In resonance mode, when the frequency of the system vibration is equal, the
frequency of the excitation force, ®=©0=J— - the reactive resistance is zero and the
amplitude of vibrations increases sharply.
Analysis of the above equation allows us to determine the main technical measures to combat vibration, and below we will consider ways to overcome them:
1. eliminate or reduce vibration at the source of origin (eliminate or reduce Fm);
2. elimination using vibradempfer devices;
3. dynamic vibration damping devices.
Elimination or reduction of source vibration generated in machines and technological processes should be done at the design stage. In this case, special attention should be paid to the acceleration of the abrupt reduction of dynamic processes caused by the exception or maximum transmission shock [3].
The attenuation of vibration at its source is accomplished by a decrease in the variable forces present in the system. When changing dynamic variables, such variables can be reducedprocesses with static, rotating balancing parts and so on.
If there is contact with a vibrating object, the vibration signal can be reduced using remote control, automatic control. These methods require complete removal of the operator's contact with the vibrating object [4].
Vibrational vibration is based on a decrease in the level of vibration by converting mechanical vibrational energy into heat. This can be achieved:
• use as building materials for large internal friction;
• application of elastic materials to the vibrating surface;
• applying surface friction.
An effective type of vibration damping device is to dampen vibrations based on the anti-resonance principle that occurs in two-degree freedom systems. The greatest effect of dynamic extinctions is observed in their application in the conditions of resonant vibration modes. Figure 1 shows the suppression of various vibrations [5,6].
Figure 1. Vibration suppression devices. a-spring; b-rubber; v-vibration support; 1- rod, 2- fixer, 3- spring, 4- support, 5- rubber, 6- cover, 7- adjusting screw,
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8- nut, 9- plastic spring, 10- stiffness edge, 11-friction ring, 12- hole, 13.15-main shock
absorber, 14- fluid friction shock absorber.
Dynamic vibration machines are carried out by installation, and for foundations with calculated mass, the amplitude of vibrations of the main base should not exceed 0.1-0.2 mm, and for individual devices - a maximum limit of 0.005 mm [7].
ANALYSIS OF RECENT RESEARCH AND LITERATURE
It is known that the use of vibration when filling and shaking metal powder in a press shape, with preliminary compaction before pressing allows significantly reduce the pressing pressure and increase the uniformity of the resulting products, both simple and complex shapes, to reduce anisotropy during subsequent sintering [8]. For increase the efficiency of the process of compacting powders of refractory metals in oscillating molds located on vibrating tables equipped with circular or directional vibration exciters, simultaneously with a vibration effect on the powder, a static loading. This is due to the fact that vibrational impulses give metal particles of powder greater mobility, contribute to their the most dense re-laying and the formation of a new briquette with a greater density, and at the same time a static load applied from above ensures that metal particles are trapped in this position.The absence of such static loading during the pressing process can lead not to compaction, but to loosening of the compact made of metal powder.
To date, the reviewed literature contains descriptions of the loading of cement-concrete mixtures with weights and vibration loads [9]. However, these models do not take into account vibrating systems, interparticle friction and distribution ability of powder media, which will largely determine the amplitude of the disturbing forces, angular frequency of vibration, the magnitude of the loading force and energy performance of equipment. Consideration of the loading force, interparticle friction and distribution ability of metal powders in the equations of motion of the working bodies of the forming equipment will improve the accuracy of the scientific results and choose modes of vibration of a metal powder in a "hard" matrix on a vibrating table, parameters of static loading. The purpose of research and problem statement. The purpose of the work is study of dynamic processes occurring when exposed to metal powder of static loading from the punch when it preliminary compaction on a vibrating table in a "rigid" matrix, taking into account interparticle friction and distribution ability of metal powder.
CONCLUSION
It was found that vibrations generated during the operation of machines and mechanisms should be measured with vibrometers and vibration dampers should be used when the amplitude exceeds 0.1-0.2 mm
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 2 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
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