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CAUSE OF FALSE POSITIVE OF AUTOMATIC FIRE NOTIFICATION SYSTEM AND IMPROVEMENT PLAN IN KOREA
Kong Ha Sung,
Ph.D., associate professor, lecturer in Kyungil University, Seoul, Korea [email protected]
Keywords: Automatic fire notification system, fire detector, example of false positive, case study, fire safety warden.
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The study found out the cause of false positive and suggested improvement plan for case study for decreasing false positive of automatic fire notification system in Korea. The main cause of false positive was negligence of management of fire safety warden, dust invasion inside of smoke detector, not handling with care of automatic fire notification system of user, not considering installation place of fire detector. For preventing false positive, firstly, fire safety education strengthening for fire safety warden, secondly, providing penalty and intensive for fire safety warden for a thorough inspection of fire protection, thirdly, setting period of use of smoke detector, fourthly, fire safety education & training strengthening of user, lastly, keeping thoroughgoing supervision of fire protection system constructor.
In this study, we have searched for improvement plan after investigating the fundamental cause of malfunction (false operation) visiting to directly to an on-the-spot and surveying with the fire fighting targets as the center that malfunction of the automatic fire notification system of apartment area, factory area, and hospital area in the big cities such as Seoul, Daegu, Gyeongbuk province, and Bu-san occur frequently from Jan. 5th., 2015 to Jan. 13th., 2015 on the basis of an on-the-spot survey for the purpose of improvement so that all automatic fire notification systems in Korea may be not malfunctioned.
1. Malfunction cases of automatic fire notification systems.
1.1. «A» super high-rise apartment.
In this building the fires have broken out frequently 25 times in 2014 for various reasons why the inadaptable smoke detectors were installed at a location where fall under the influence of strong wind with the target of super high-rise apartment buildings that malfunction of the smoke detector have occurred unusually frequently in 2014 as a 51 storied super high rise apartment building where 288 households dwell in.[1-2]
1.2. «A» factory.
In this building as a factory building that a gross floor area is 72,000 square meters and have 250 employees and manufacture the outer cases, because there are a working area together with welding area where machine equipments are not only operated fully for 24 hours and is full of smoke usually, but also temperature and humidity are high, 8 times malfunctions have been occurred in 2014.
1.3. «B» factory.
In this building as a factory building that a gross floor area is 3000 square meters and have 42 employees and
manufacture automotive parts, on account of not only malfunction of a smoke detector due to the fumes of petroleum oil stove in a office within factory, but also on account of a transmitter breakage due to the fault of a forklift driver, 3 times malfunctions of a smoke detector have been occurred in 2014 since completion of factory building.
1.4. «C» factory.
This factory of a factory site of 660-1320 square meters together with 20 other companies are contiguous in an area, and just only one transmitter are connected with 20 smoke detectors of 20 companies, and a firefighting control center is designated to be in charge of fire management. On account of a defective smoke detector, malfunctions of a smoke detector have been occurred 3 times in 2014.[3-4]
1.5. «A» welfare center for the elderly.
As the elderly medical welfare facility that a gross floor area is 1,097 square meters, and the number of persons to be accommodated is 74, and have 16 staffs, this building that 5 and 6 story have been extended have accommodated elderly stroke patients, dementia patients and also senior citizens. By the way, malfunction has been occurred by pressing down a transmitter in the process of a collapse of products that have been stacked aside a transmitter and also malfunction that has been occurred on account of the water leak in alarm check valve have occurred 3 times in 2014.
1.6. «A» hospital.
As a geriatric hospital and nursing home that a gross floor area is 4,300 square meters, and the number of persons to be accommodated is 125, and have 125 staffs and as a building that have been completed in March, 2008, during the sweet potatoes baking in a microwave oven that has been equipped on corridors and wards of every floor of the hospital that the smoke detectors have been equipped, malfunction that has
been occurred because deep smoke flowed into the smoke detector have occurred 2 times in 2014.
1.7. «A» senior care center.
Not only as a in-home care facilities for the elderly that a gross floor area is 1,000 square meters, and the number of persons to be accommodated is 49, and have 15 staffs, but also as a building that have been completed in 1997, malfunctions of a smoke detector has occurred 3 times in 2014 not only because water flowed into a differential smoke detector and area of contact point of a smoke detector was corroded, but also because a fire safety warden opened the smoke detector. [5-6]
2. Cause of malfunction of automatic fire notification system and improvement plan in Korea.
Cause of malfunction of automatic fire notification system and improvement plan that arranged on the basis of an on-the-spot survey for facilities that a lot of malfunctions of the automatic fire notification system are occurred are as follows.
2.1. Negligence of the fire safety warden Main cause of malfunction is due to carelessness. In case of management for petroleum oil stove, because moisture have flown into a differential detector due to negligence of management of the fire fighting safety warden in
Table 1
Cause of malfunction of automatic fire notification system and improvement plan
Facility name The number of malfunction yearly Cause Improvement plan
«A» Super high-rise apartments 27 times The lack of consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system Reinforcement for user's fire safety education & training
Non-consideration for installation Environment of the smoke detector Thoroughgoing supervision against the supervision company for fire-fighting facilities
«A» Factory 8 times Non-consideration for installation Environment of the smoke detector Thoroughgoing supervision against the supervision company for fire-fighting facilities.
«B» Factory 3 times Negligence of management of the fire safety warden Reinforcement for user's fire safety education & training.
The lack of consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system Reinforcement for user's fire safety education & training.
«C» Factory 3 times Dust invasion within the smoke detector Durability period settings of the smoke detector
«A» Welfare center for the elderly 3 times Negligence of management of the fire safety warden. Penalty against the fire safety warden or incentive offer.
The lack of consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system. Reinforcement for user's fire safety education & training.
«A» Hospital 2 times The lack of consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system. Strengthening for user's fire safety education & training.
«A» Senior care center 3 times Negligence of management of the fire safety warden. Penalty against the fire safety warden or incentive offer.
Data Source: data to be cited from Cheon Il Ryeon etc.(2014) [7]
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senior care center, insufficient inspection for fire protection system such as an alarm check valve in «A» welfare center for the elderly, and inadequate education for users, a receiving sensor that receive a sudden signal of fire hazard was malfunctioned. strengthening for user's fire safety education & training that is based on the functional checklist for operation of Korea Fire Safety Association that take charge of practical education so that a receiving sensor that receive a sudden signal of fire hazard may not be malfunctioned is necessary and also penalties and incentives offer against the fire safety wardens so that may inspect thoroughly the fire protection system is necessary. [8]
2.2. Dust invasion within the smoke detector
The malfunctioned cause of the automatic fire notification system in «C» factory was because of dust that have been stacked within the deteriorated smoke detector. Because the internal cleaning within the smoke detector is difficult structurally even though a fire safety warden clean the smoke detector periodically, malfunction occurrence probability is to heighten as time went on after installing the smoke detector. [9] In comparison, in case of Japan, the smoke detector is replaced regularly by designating an maximum durability term of the smoke detector as 10 years. On the contrary, in Korea, durability term criteria of the smoke detector is not designated. [10] Therefore, hereafter the regular replacement of the smoke detector by designating durability term criteria in order to decrease malfunction of the smoke detector.
2.3. The lack of consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system
On account of smoking at the bottom of a fire protecting shutter in «A» super high-rise apartment, transmitter breakage due to fault of forklift driver in "B" factory and due to the collapsing of products that have been stacked aside a transmitter in «A» welfare center for the elderly, and due to using microwave ovens, the smoke detector and a transmitter that transmit a sudden signal of fire hazard was malfunctioned. It is necessary that strengthen the fire safety education & training that is aimed at consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system so that the smoke detector or a transmitter are not malfunctioned.
2.4. Non-consideration for installation Environment of the smoke detector
The fraudulent construction work that did not consider an on-site situation of fire-fighting facilities construction corporation cause malfunction of the smoke detector and a transmitter. [11] On account of not only installation of the maladjusted smoke detector and a transmitter that wind effects on a super high-rise apartment were not considered, but also non-installation of the adaptable smoke detector at a place where temperature and humidity within «A» factory are high, malfunction of the automatic fire notification system have been occurred. It is necessary that supervise thoroughgoingly a fire fighting facilities supervision corporation that supervise fire-fighting facilities construction work corporation so that fire-fighting
facilities construction work corporation may install the smoke detectors and transmitters suitable to installation environment.
In conclusion, in order to prevent malfunction of the smoke detector and a transmitter, improvement such as safety education that are aimed at fire safety wardens of Korea Fire Safety Association that carry out practical education for fire fight safety and management, penalty and incentive offer for fire safety wardens so as to inspect thor-oughgoingly fire fighting facilities, setting up durability term of the smoke detector, reinforcement of fire fighting safety education & training about consciousness for preservation and caution of user's automatic fire notification system, and the thoroughgoing supervision against a fire fighting facilities supervision corporation so as to install the smoke detector suitable to an on-the-spot situation.
References
1. Lee Bok Young, Jung Kil Sun, Lee Byung Kon (2003), "A Study on Response Characteristics of Ionization Smoke Detector Influenced by Air Stream", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.6-9.
2. Park Sang Tae, Lee Bog Young, Ahn Ja Son (2002), "Experimental Study on the Responsiveness of Ionization Smoke Detector followed by the Change of air currents", Proceedings of Fall Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 164-169.
3. Hong Sung Ho, Chol Moon Soo, Park Sang Tae, Baek Dong Hyun(2012), "A Study on the Reliability Test for Smoke Detection Chamber of Smoke Detector", Proceedings of Spring Annual Conference, Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, pp. 389-392.
4. Baek Won Don, Kin Shi Kuk, Ok Kyung Jea, Lee Chun Ha, Jee Seung Wook(2008), "A Study on the Response Characteristics Depending on Service Life of Ionization Smoke Detector", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 61-64.
5. Kook Hyeong Ho, Jo Dae Ho, Kong Ha Sung (2008), "A Study on Efficient Improvement Ways of Fire Protection Management System", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 115-127.
6. Kwak ChangSik, Woo Seong Cheon, Chae Jin(2010), "The Improvement of the Specific Target for Fire Fighting of Fire Safety Grade System", , Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 167-168.
7. Cheon Il Ryeon etc.(2014), "The Study on Unwanted Alarm and Countermeasure of Fire Detect Receiving System of Automatic Fire Notification System", Human Resources Development Service of Korea Research Reports, pp. 87-91.
8. Korea Ministry of Government Legislation(2013), "notice about Self-check of Fire Protection System [Form 2]", Seoul: Korea Ministry of Government Legislation, p. 17.
9. Son Young Jin, Lee Young ll, Lee Sang Hyeon (2008), "Research on the Reliability Improvement of Automatic Fire Alarm System", Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 43.
10. Fire Alarm Association in Japan(2009), "Practical Manual of Automatic Fire Detection System: Focus on Fire Detector", Tokyo: Fire Alarm Association in Japan, pp. 50-70.
11. Ryu Ho Cheol (2014), "Analysis on Activation Characteristic of Heat Detectors in a Compartment Fire", Journal of the Korean Society of Disaster Information, Vol. 10, No. 4, p. 601.
For citation:
Kong Ha Sung. Cause of false positive of automatic fire notification system and improvement plan in Korea. H&ES Research. 2015. Vol. 7. No.3. Pp. 72-75.
ПРИЧИНЫ ЛОЖНЫХ СРАБАТЫВАНИЙ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЖАРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ОПОВЕЩЕНИЯ И ПЛАНЫ ПО ЕЕ УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ В КОРЕЕ
Гон Хасон, г. Сеул, Корея, [email protected] Аннотация
Исследование выявило причины ложных срабатываний. Предложен план по усовершенствованию системы для снижения ложных срабатываний при работе автоматической пожарной системы оповещения в Корее. Основной причиной ложных срабатываний была халатность руководства управления пожарной безопасности, загрязнение внутри детектора дыма, невыполнение профилактических работ по обслуживанию автоматической пожарной системы оповещения пользователя, неверное местоположение датчиков пожарной безо-
пасности. Для предотвращения ложных срабатываний требуется, во-первых, обучение руководства для укрепления пожарной безопасности, во-вторых, наложение штрафных санкций для руководства и проведение тщательного обследования противопожарной защиты, в-третьих, установление срока использования детектора дыма, в-четвертых, проведение обучения и тренингов по пожарной безопасности среди пользователей и, наконец, проведение профилактических работ по поддержанию системы противопожарной защиты в рабочем состоянии.
Ключевые слова: автоматическая пожарная система оповещения, пожарный датчик, пример ложных срабатываний, начальник службы пожарной безопасности.
Информация об авторе:
Гон Хасон, магистр технических наук, доцент, преподаватель Университета Кенил.
Для цитирования:
Гон Хасон. Причины ложных срабатываний автоматической пожарной системы оповещения и планы по ее усовершенствованию в Корее. Наукоемкие технологии в космических исследованиях Земли. 2015. Т. 7. № 3. С. 72-75.
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