CC BY
8BUZSKY, MARAT P. - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Volgograd State University (metamarat1@yandex.ru).
УДК 101.1:177
БАРКОВА Э.В.
КАТЕГОРИЯ ЦЕЛЕПОЛАГАНИЯ В РАЗВИТИИ ЭКОФИЛОСОФСКОЙ
КАРТИНЫ МИРА
Ключевые слова: целеполагание, экофилософская картина мира, перспективы планетарного бытия, субъект, наука.
Показана методологическая и мировоззренческая роль категории целеполагания и востребованность трансформаций в ее интерпретации в логике, соответствующей мировидению экофилософии. Активно формирующаяся сегодня экофилософская картина мира открывает перспективы утверждения таких основных целей субъекта современного мира, которые задают установку на сохранение жизни на Земле и развитие многомерного мира человека. Значение целеполагания, раскрывающееся в процессах целеформирования и целереализации субъекта, автор связывает с открытым характером предварительно устанавливаемых результатов деятельности и зависящем сегодня от человека выбором стратегически значимых ценностей и ориентиров будущего. По мысли автора, в контексте экорациональности уточняются границы деятельностного подхода к исследованию целеполагания субъекта современного мира, поскольку деятельностный подход ограничен анализом раскрытия активности субъекта только как социального субъекта в системе современного ему социума. Тогда как экофилософская картина мира открывает новое направление интеграции человека и мира, ориентированное на формирование партнерских отношений человека и природы. Освоение этого методологического поворота открывает потенциал для инновационных научных проектов и востребованных в аспекте жизнесохранения форм освоения мира и его познания.
BARKOVA, E.V.
CATEGORY OF GOAL-SETTING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECOPHILOSOPHICAL
PICTURE OF THE WORLD
Keywords: goal-setting, ecophilosophical picture of the world, prospects of planetary existence, subject, science.
It shown the methodological and ideological role of the category of goal-setting and the relevance of transformations in its interpretation in the logic corresponding to the worldview of ecophilosophy. Actively emerging today ecophilosophical picture of the world opens up prospects for the approval of such basic goals of the subject of the modern world, which set the goal of preserving life on Earth and the development of the multidimensional world of man. The author connects the importance of goal-setting, which is revealed in the processes of goal-setting and goal-realization of the subject, with the open nature of the pre-determined results of activity and the choice of strategically significant values and future orientations, which depends on the person today. According to the author, in the context of eco-rationality, it clarified the boundaries of the activity approach to the study of goal-setting of the subject of the modern world, since the activity approach is limited to the analysis of the disclosure of the activity of the subject only as a social subject in the system of modern society. Whereas the ecophilosophical picture of the world opens a new direction of integration of the person and the world focused on formation of partnership of the person and the nature. The development of this methodological turn opens up the potential for innovative research projects and life-saving forms of development of the world and its knowledge.
The highest and ultimate goal of the existence of the smart spirit is cosmically grandiose and
pathetically beautiful E. V. Ilyenkov [1. C. 415]
One of the basic conditions for the design and implementation of human activity is goal-setting -a category that traditionally occupies a Central place in the structures of philosophical, fundamental scientific and applied knowledge. [2] [3] [4]. As a condition of development of human thinking, activity and self-consciousness of culture, the category of goal-setting always opens ideally presented or preliminary established result of activity or projects of the subject, and therefore represents a basis of a choice not only tactically, but also strategically significant for it values.
However, today, in the era of poorly predictable prospects and the transition of mankind to new vectors of its existence, clearly manifested in the processes of globalization and transformation of modern culture and science, the question of opening such common forms of development of the emerging reality, which can perform the function of maintaining balance and harmonization of natural and socio-cultural processes. Indeed, on the basis of the current philosophy of science on the basis of the picture of the world, its pragmatic-oriented approaches to the interpretation of goal-setting to carry out preserving life on Earth goal-orientation and to assert in them the self-value of the multidimensional world of man as a popular aspect of planetary existence, is problematic. [5]
Therefore, in the conceptual space of the study of this category is extremely popular its content associated with the definition of the present as a process in which the identification of preferred "elements", directions and trends of the future and its corresponding forms of self-consciousness and
culture. But since goal-setting is always formed and developed within the framework of a certain philosophical picture of the world, we are talking about a philosophical turn, which brings a number of significant new aspects to the interpretation of goal-setting as a philosophical category. [6]. The meaning of this turn in the study of goal-setting is said to be that as a guide of consciousness "the goal directs and regulates actions, permeates practice as an internal law to which a person subordinates his will.... The connection between the purpose of education and the meanings, values, ideals of society and individuals is obvious". [7. P. 59].
Today, I believe, in its methodological and heuristic potential, the most promising direction of the theoretical development of goal-setting, which opens up the popular measurement of its content, is ecophilosophy - the direction of knowledge and the type of attitude to reality, which is rapidly developing in projects, models and pictures of the world of researchers in many countries. Based on the ideas of universal evolution, co-evolution, harmonization of forms of existence and guidelines for balancing human life with the existence of culture, society and nature, in the interpretation of goal-setting ecophilosophy shifts the focus from the self-value of the given or expected by the subject of local results to the preservation and reproduction of the very life-supporting foundations of human existence and the world.
This orientation requires a new "coordinate system" and categories, which in science are just beginning to be mastered and developed. Their demand is explained not only by the widening gap between fundamental and design and applied research, but also by the "complex dependence of processes taking place in different parts of the world. However, there is little methodology to take fully into account the delicate links between global, regional and national processes. The concepts of globalization and "glocalization" so far cope with this problem poorly and...take into account the impact only of the processes taking place in the West." [8. P. 47].
The methodological meaning of the analysis of goal-setting in the logic of ecophilosophy, in addition, is due to the fact that the content of this category is, as it has always been in the history of philosophy, a kind of center of intersection of a number of key parameters in the conceptual field of ontology - possible and real, subjective and objective; determination, necessity, goals, values, activities, nature, culture, motives, etc. Exploring the formation of the category "goal", M. G. Makarov showed how in the history of philosophical thought was the process of differentiation of its original syncretic meaning to the reflection of the nature of goal-setting, goals and direction of history, "the concepts of purpose and cause...order, whole, form..There is a selection of aspects, forms, and stages of movement of the target in perception and action (telos and skopos, the purpose of life and the purpose of the action, the finite and the relative, subjective, realized, as the basic law the subordination of the development of the considered category to the logic of the struggle of teleology (finalism) and determinism". [9. P. 182].
Based on the paradigm of activity formed on this basis in the New time, the idea of goal-setting, in which the goals are related to future results, was built into the logic of the activity approach and revealed the structure, guidelines of activity. The objectives, according to this methodology, are always determined by the possibilities available at the time to achieve them, or in other words, outline possible changes in the process or subject matter within the existing reality.
This attitude of philosophy and its culture of thinking was meant by K. Marx, stressing that "humanity always sets itself only such tasks that it can solve, since on closer examination it always turns out that the task itself arises only when the material conditions for its solution are already present, or at least are in the process of becoming." [10. C. 37]
However, today, when the world itself, the vectors of theoretical development of the world and the methodology corresponding to it, is radically changing, the activity approach - preserving, of course, its importance, I believe, is no longer the main one, which gives grounds for clarifying and adjusting the boundaries of its use in the analysis of the philosophy of goal-setting. The fact is that the activity approach in its most General manifestation - the understanding emanating from the subject of activity and, above all, production, understood in the broadest sense - expresses the position of active transformation of the world and nature by man, aimed at constructing from the properties of the new subject environment allocated to them. [11]. Activity in this interpretation is rather a way of separating man, nature and the results of activity, but not their synthesis, which became the basis of the processes of alienation of man from nature, leading today to known environmental problems and their dramatic consequences.
In contrast to this logic, the ecophilosophical paradigm comes from universal evolutionism, and therefore the anthropic principle, the ideas of coevolution, the partnership of nature, man, culture and society, which is why it is focused on finding ways to optimize and harmonize their relationships. Therefore, in ecophilosophy given type tselepolaganija, in reflection of the goals and outcomes required and of paramount importance is the human interaction with the world. Its meaning is to combine the General movement of life in "created" by nature General forms, resources and specific landscapes, on the one hand, and the development of human, cultural and social life, which is expressed in the growth of freedom and creativity, in the growing importance of the principle of reasonableness as the basis for the development of nature and the development of all subjects - from man to mankind - the conditions of their existence.
Goal-setting, thus, becomes not only the basis for the formation and development of future-oriented concrete results of activity, but also the discovery of General evolutionary development, including its "text and context", in which the existence of man is combined with the existence of culture, society and nature. But if the General form and method of realization of goal-setting in the paradigm of activity is rationality, the implementation of goal-setting in the ecophilosophical picture of the world is based on a new type - ekoratsionalnosti in which dialectically removed all previous types of theoretical attitude to the world.
Its most important property - a kind of "ontological loading": unlike rationality, which reproduces, first of all, logical, i.e. subjective forms of activity - although, of course, always specifically historical in its basis, the ekoratsionalnost fixes the relationship of man with the world in the context of universal evolutionism, understood in the logic of holism and the principle of organic, not technical and technological, integrity. In other words, here, first of all, is expressed and reproduced the direction of development, given by existence itself - nature, culture, society and their fundamentally universal connections. This means that the goals put forward in the conceptual field of ecophilosophy Express not only local practical, significant only "here and now" guidelines of achievable results, although included in the context of their era, but also contain more General laws of development, which combine the natural, anthropologically-cultural and socio-activity side of reality. On this basis, I believe, it is possible to develop various eco-oriented projects that are important for a more effective resolution of the contradictions that have accumulated in the modern world in the systems of "man-nature".
At the same time, in the context of the eco-rational methodology, it is possible to concretize the goals, key for the development of life-saving type of self-consciousness, aimed at overcoming the further imbalance of values, interests and actions of the subjects of planetary humanity to increase their internal cohesion on the basis of the goal of preserving life on Earth.
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БАРКОВА ЭЛЕОНОРА ВЛАДИЛЕНОВНА - доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры истории и философии Российского экономического университета имени Г.В. Плеханова (barkova3000@yandex.ru).
BARKOVA, ELEONORA V. - Doctor of Philosophy, Department of history and philosophy, Plekhanov Russian University.
УДК 364.2
ПОНИЗОВКИНА И.Ф.
ОБЩЕСТВО ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ В XXI ВЕКЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Ключевые слова: общество, постиндустриальное общество, общество потребления, массовое производство, массовое потребление, духовная экология.
В статье раскрывается проблема формирования общества потребления и его последствий. Анализ проблемы строится на выделении основных этапов и факторов формирования современного общества потребления, исследовании его влияния на социальное развитие общества и будущее человечества. Показано, что пустота современного потребительства соблазняет своей бессмысленностью, выдавая за реальность привлекательную этикетку, очаровывая правилами игры. Это игра в «ничто» производит свои собственные ценности, претендующие даже на смысложизненные ориентиры, которые, по сути, лишают жизнь и бытие реального смысла. Основополагающей задачей будущих поколений должно стать прививание детям и молодежи экологической культуры потребления, нового образа мышления через призму принципов духовной экологии.
PONIZOVKINA, I.F.
CONSUMER SOCIETY IN THE XXI CENTURY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Keywords: society, post-industrial society, consumer society, mass production, mass production, spiritual ecology.
In the article reveals the problem of formation of consumer society and its consequences. Analysis of the problem is based on the allocation of the main stages and factors of formation of modern consumer society, the study of its impact on social development and the future of mankind. It is shown that the emptiness of modern consumerism seduces with its senselessness, giving an attractive label to reality, captivating with the rules of the game. This game of "nothing" produces its own values, claiming even life-long reference points, which, in essence, deprive life and being of real meaning. The fundamental task of future generations should be to inculcate in children and youth an ecological culture of consumption, a new way of thinking through the prism of the principles of spiritual ecology.
Анализируя историю социально-философских и экономических учений, можно проследить особый взгляд на проблему потребления, связанную первоначально с понятием «потребности». В древнегреческой философии эта проблема рассматривалась через призму философии Эпикура и гедонизма, которая призывала при удовлетворении своих потребностей выбирать то, что поможет человеку избавиться от страданий: стремиться к еде, если голоден; к теплу - если холодно и т.д. В период Средневековья Фома Аквинский сумел увязать должное стремления индивида к Богу со стремлением к удовольствиям и удовлетворению чувственных потребностей, так как, достигая желаемого, человек может сосредоточиться полностью на созерцании Божественной истины и благих поступках. Период Ренессанса привнес новые этические принципы в отношении человеческих потребностей через формирование понятия гуманизма, поставившего в центр внимания человеческие интересы и желания. Именно в этот период постепенно утверждаются ценности индивидуализма, востребованные в период становления капиталистических отношений. Смещается внимание мыслителей-исследователей с понятия «потребности» на понятие «потребление», что определило демаркационную линию в смысловом поле рассматриваемой проблематики.
