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38Calogaya elvebakkiana (Teloschistaceae), a new combination and a new lichen species to Russia
I. V. Frolov1, G. S. Evdokimov2, O. A. Kataeva3
'Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Corresponding author. I. V. Frolov, ivfrolov@gmail.com
Abstract. Caloplaca elvebakkiana is a rare lichen from the family Teloschistaceae known only from Svalbard. Due to lack of molecular data, it still does not have a certain generic affiliation in the current taxonomy of Teloschistaceae, remaining within an unsorted pile of species called "Caloplaca s. l.". Here we present two new records of the species from Russia — from Wrangel Island and the southeastern part of the Chukotka Peninsula. On the base of two nrITS sequences obtained from the fresh material, we discovered that the species belongs to the genus Calogaya and formally proposed a new combination Calogaya elvebakkiana.
Keywords: Caloplaca s. l., lichens, ITS, new records, taxonomy, Arctic, Chukotka, Far East, Wrangel Island.
Calogaya elvebakkiana (Teloschistaceae), новая комбинация и новый вид лишайников для России
И. В. Фролов1, Г. С. Евдокимов2, О. А. Катаева3
'Ботанический сад УрО РАН, Екатеринбург, Россия 2Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 3Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия Автор для переписки. И. В. Фролов, ivfrolov@gmail.com
Резюме. Caloplaca elvebakkiana — редкий вид лишайников из семейства Teloschistaceae, известный только с архипелага Шпицберген. Из-за отсутствия молекулярных данных он до сих пор не имел конкретной родовой принадлежности в современной системе семейства, по-прежнему оставаясь внутри сборной полифилетической группы Caloplaca s. l. В настоящей статье мы представляем две новые находки этого вида из России. с о. Врангеля и с юго-восточной части Чукотки. На основании двух последовательностей nrITS, полученных из вновь собранного материала, мы определили, что вид относится к роду Calogaya, и предложили новую комбинацию Calogaya elvebakkiana.
Ключевые слова: Caloplaca s. l., лишайники, ITS, новые находки, таксономия, Арктика, Дальний Восток, остров Врангеля, Чукотка.
The lichen family Teloschistaceae contains a bunch of rare species often known from only a few specimens collected several decades ago or even earlier (see, for example, Magnusson, 1944, Hansen et al., 1987). After splitting the genus Caloplaca Th. Fr.
https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2022.562.405
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to the numerous newly proposed or resurrected genera by Arup et al. (2013) many of such poorly known taxa remained without a generic affiliation because of lacking of molecular data and at the same time uncertainty of their phenotypical characters. Nevertheless, piece-by-piece lichenologists collect data concerning those species and finally allocate them within the certain genera. For example, recently Caloplaca asseri-gena (J. Lahm) Della Torre et Sarnth. and C. sibirica H. Magn. were attributed to the genera Marchantiana S. Y. Kondr. et al. and Austroplaca Sochting et al. respectively after obtaining molecular data from the fresh material (Sochting, Arup, 2018, 2021).
Caloplaca elvebakkiana Sochting et al. is one of these rarely collected lichens. Sochting et al. (2008) described it from a few localities on Svalbard and since then the species has not been reported from anywhere else remaining endemic to the archipelago. However, recently we collected two specimens of C. elvebakkiana in the Arctic part of the Russian Far East, which suggests the much wider distribution of this species. ITS sequences obtained from both specimens demonstrated that the species belongs to the genus Calogaya Arup et al.
Materials and Methods
The specimens were collected by G. S. Evdokimov and O. A. Kataeva in the Chu-kotka Autonomous Area of Russia in 2020 and 2021 respectively, and are deposited in LE.
All microscopic observations were based on hand-cut sections mounted in water, without chemical treatments. Measurements of morphological characters follow Vondrak et al. (2013); morphological terminology follows Smith et al. (2009) and Vondrak et al. (2013).
DNA was extracted with a CTAB-based protocol (Aras, Cansaran, 2006). Amplifications were made of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the nuclear ribo-somal RNA gene. Primers for PCR amplification were ITS1F (Gardes, Bruns, 1993) and ITS4 (White et al., 1990). The PCR settings followed Ekman (2001). Newly generated sequences were submitted to the NCBI (GenBank).
The ITS alignment of Calogaya was compiled with all the species of the genus accepted by Vondrak et al. (2018). As an outgroup we used the main genera of the subfamily Xanthorioideae proposed by Arup et al. (2013) and some genera of the other two subfamilies Caloplacoideae and Teloschistoideae. The entire tree was rooted with Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins et Scheid. and Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Furnr. following Arup et al. (2013). Accession numbers of the sequences downloaded from GenBank and used in the analysis are provided in the electronic supplement1. The dataset was aligned online by MAFFT v.7 (Katoh, Standley, 2013; available at http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/), with the L-INS-i method (Katoh et al., 2005) selected automatically by the program. The final alignment consists of 96 sequences belonging to 17 species of the ingroup (Calogaya) and 21 species and
1 Electronic supplement is available at the end of the article page on the journal website (https://doi. org/10.31111/nsnr/2022.56.2.405).
17 genera of the outgroup, with a total of 609 positions. We carried out maximum likelihood (ML) reconstruction using RAxML v8.2.10 (Stamatakis, 2014). The analysis was performed on the CIPRES Web Portal (http://www.phylo.org/portal2/). Bootstrap support values were calculated on 500 bootstrap replicates using thorough bootstrapping. GTR + G model was proposed by the program jModelTest (Guindon, Gascuel, 2003; Posada, 2008) as the best DNA substitution model.
Results and Discussion
Calogaya elvebakkiana (Sochting, Lorentsen et Arup) I. V. Frolov, Evdokimov et Kataeva, comb. nov.
MycoBank No.: MB 845093
Basionym: Caloplaca elvebakkiana Sochting, Lorentsen et Arup, Nova Hedwigia 87(1-2): 80 (2008).
Type: Svalbard, Sabine Land, Fjordnibba below bird cliffs, NW-exposed, alt. 170 m, bedrock: chert and limestone, 13 VIII 1986, Sochting 5747 (C holotype, n. v.; LD, BG, and TROM isotypes, n. v.).
Observation of the specimens from Russia (Fig. 1). Thallus epilithic, are-olate, irregular in outline, ca. 1.5 cm across. Areoles pale dusty yellow or yellow, often with whitish pruina, up to 1.2 mm diam., 0.3-0.7 mm thick, scattered or crowded, orbicular with obscurely lobed margin or more or less squamulose or in form of tiny lobes. Soralia marginal, developing from the underside of the margin, occasionally becoming laminal, of the same colour as the surface of areoles, soredia 28-50 |m diam. Cortex together with pruina and epinecral layer 20-38 |m thick, full of crystals in the upper part. Algal layer of scattered cells, unclear. Hypothallus absent. Apothecia absent. Pycnidia are common, often more than one on areole, semi-immersed, orange, however the examined pycnidia were unripe.
Comparison with the protologue in Sochting et al. (2008). The new specimens of Calogaya elvebakkiana have thicker thalli (up to 0.7 mm vs. up to 0.5 mm in protologue) and cortex (20-38 |m vs. 10-20 |m) and larger soredia (28-50 |m diam. vs. 25-30 |m).
Both our specimens were sterile whereas the type material had sparse to moderately abundant unripe lecanorine apothecia up to 0.6 mm diam. with yellow to pale orange disc. In addition, examined pycnidia in our material were immature without conidia whereas pycnidia in the specimens from the protologue had ellipsoid conidia, 3.5-4.0 x 1.5-2.0 |m.
Chemistry. All yellow parts K+ red. We have not studied the composition of the secondary metabolites in our material since of its scarcity. According to Sochting et al. (2008), the species is characterized by chemosyndrome A and contains emodin, fallaci-nal, parietin, parietinic acid, and teloschistin.
Ecology and distribution. Both specimens of Calogaya elvebakkiana were collected in the Chukotka Autonomous Area of Russia — on Wrangel Island and in
Fig. 1. Calogaya elvebakkiana (LE L-17930). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
the southeastern part of the Chukotka Peninsula. It suggests the much wider distribution of the species, which was previously known as an endemic of Svalbard (Sochting et al., 2008; Kristinsson et al., 2010). We can now suppose a circumpolar distribution of the species. On Wrangel Island, the specimen was collected on coastal schist outcrops near the seabird colony, and in Chukotka — in a dry niche of sandstone outcrops.
Phylogeny and generic affiliation. Performing an online NCBI BLAST search with the obtained ITS sequences (GenBank accession numbers: LE L-17928 — OP114272, LE L-17930 — OP114271) as well as the subsequent ML reconstruction (Fig. 2) demonstrated that the species belongs to the genus Calogaya, subfamily Xan-thorioideae in the current Teloschistaceae taxonomy (Arup et al., 2013). As can be seen on Fig. 2, Calogaya elvebakkiana is related to C. saxicola (Hoffm.) Vondrák (lobate species without vegetative propagules), C. xanthoriella Shahidin (squamulose-lobate species without vegetative propagules), and C. zoroasteriorum (S. Y. Kondr. et al.) Moniri et Vondrák (areolate-squamulose species with soralia).
Similar species. As indicated by Sochting et al. (2008), Calogaya elvebakkiana is similar to such sorediate species as Austroplaca soropelta (E. S. Hansen et al.) Sochting et al., Calogaya decipiens (Arnold) Arup et al., and Xanthocarpia tominii (Sa-vicz) Frôdén et al. Austroplaca soropelta has gregarious, peltate, often concave and not
Fig. 2. A maximum likelihood phylogeny of the genus Calogaya and subfamily Xanthorioideae inferred from ITS sequences. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values > 70% are shown at internal branches. The species of Calogaya are collapsed into single terminals. Numbers in parentheses correspond to the number of specimens used in the analysis.
obscurely lobed areoles. Calogaya decipiens is a clearly lobate lichen with ca. 2-3 mm long slightly tortuous lobes and more or less labiform soralia located on the tips of the short lateral lobes in the central part of the thallus. Additionally, thalli of C. decipiens often merge forming large patches several cm across. According to Sechting et al. (2008), Xanthocarpia tominii has larger soredia than Calogaya elvebakkiana (3560 |m diam. vs. 25-30 |m). However, our specimens of C. elvebakkiana from Russia also have large soredia (28-50 |m), which makes these two species hardly distinguishable when sterile. We assume that areoles of X. tominii are usually brighter, orange to ochre-yellowish, always without white pruina, and not so clearly lobate. In addition, it has longer spores (often more than 20 |m) with narrow septa (usually up to 3 |m) — see Vondrak et al. (2011).
Specimens studied. Russia, Chukotka Autonomous Area: Iul'tinskii District, Wrangel Island, vicinity of lodge Kordon Ptichii Bazar, cape Ptichii Bazar, 71°08'43.3"N, 178°47'41.1"E, 163 m a. s. l., coastal schist outcrops near the seabird colony, 12 VII 2020, Evdokimov, LE L-17930; Providenskii District, vicinity of Yanrakynnot settlement, seaside terrace, sandstone ledge, in dry niche, 70 m a. s. l., 64°54'46.4"N, 172°31'06.2"W, 11 VII 2021, Kataeva, LE L-17928.
Acknowledgments
I. V. Frolov worked within the framework of the national project of the Institute Botanic Garden (Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch). The expedition of G. S. Evdokimov was supported by the Russia-Germany WWF Project Conservation of Biodiversity in the Northern Regions of Russia to achieve CBD Goals through Extension and Strengthening of a Protected Areas Network adapted to Climate Change (the International Climate Initiative by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety). The study of O. A. Kataeva was carried out within the framework of the institutional research project "Flora and systematics of algae, lichens, and bryophytes of Russia and phytogeographically important regions of the world" (no. 121021600184-6) of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS.
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