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UDC 39.392
Norova M. F.
Master student of French philology department
Bukhara State University Uzbekistan, Bukhara city BUKHARA IS THE PEARL OF THE EAST
Annotation: In this article highlights of about Bukhara city, sites, many commercial madrassahs, and arcades.
Key words: Bukhara city, sites, old city, mausoleums and madrassahs.
As a site of an important oasis, Bukhara was a major stopping point on the Silk Road. Merchants came from a far to trade in its arcades and covered bazaars, bringing silks and spices from the east and exchanging them for precious metals and carpets.
The city's entrepreneurial past remains alive today, with many commercial madrassahs, and arcades scattered around the old city now acting as malls. Silks and puppets are on sale along with ceramics and miniature paintings.
The metalworkers still struggle in the narrow streets of the old town and produce knives and metal plates finely engraved. Carpets are another item associated with Bukhara, with the city's name given to the carpets that were on sale in its markets, though most often these carpets were made by nomadic Turkmen tribes from desert areas rather than in the city. herself.
In recent years, attempts have been made to revive rug making in the Old City, transforming ancient madrassas into workshops where agile fingers can be seen creating their masterpieces. The president of Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyoyev is paying much attention to preserve the national heritage of the country. All year round different kind of festivals and events are organized by the government to show up to the World. Festivals in Uzbekistan are a great way to experience the rich culture and traditions of Uzbekistan, passed down from generation to generation, and today, shared and celebrated with the whole world.
The legendary city of Bukhara in Uzbekistan, full of hundreds of historical monuments and buildings, is an open-air museum. The strata of the long history of the city unfold before your eyes. Its well-preserved center is home to mosques, mausoleums and madrassahs, as well as an imposing fortress and domed trading halls. Surprises await visitors on every street corner as strata of the city's long history unfold before your eyes. Walking the streets of the old city of Bukhara is walking through the ages. The history of the city began about 2500 years ago and today it houses an astonishing collection of medieval buildings in their original urban setting. As appropriate to the holiest city of Central Asia, it is richly endowed with mosques, mausoleums and madrassahs, but it also has an impressive selection of secular architecture. In the mid-19th century Bukhara had more than 200 mosques, and students flocked to its 100 madrassahs, to learn more about Islamic theology.
It has also been home to many caravanserais where traders and merchants would rest after their arduous journeys through the deserts of Central Asia before trading their goods in the covered bazaars of the city.
The heart of the city of Bukhara.
Many religious buildings are still standing today and the most impressive is the Kalon minaret, which stands on a square in the heart of the old town. The 47 -meter high minaret is flanked by the huge Friday mosque on one side and the Mir-i-Arab madrassah with two turquoise domes on the other side.
Legend has it that the Kalon minaret was erected in the 12th century after Aslan Khan, the ruler of the city, was visited in a dream by an imam he had killed in an argument. The Imam asked the Khan to bury his head in a place where no one could walk on it and so the minaret was built over the final resting place of the unhappy imam. Over the centuries, it has withstood the earthquakes and attentions of Genghis Khan, who was so impressed by the tower that he spared her from the destruction that was brought to the buildings around her.
You can climb the 105 steps of the minaret to admire the view of the old city and the huge mosque, which can accommodate up to 10,000 worshipers, on the side of the tower. The mosque was built in the 16th century on the ruins of an ancient place of worship that was swept away after the destructive visit of Genghis Khan.
In front of the mosque is the Mir-i-Arab madrassah, which is still used as an active Islamic school with about 250 students studying the Koran, Arab law and Islamic law. Its facade is adorned with intricate tiling in shades of blue and green. Inside the complex are the tombs of its founders topped with beautiful turquoise domes. The Arabs did not really conquer Bukhara until after the Battle of Talas in 751 AD. Islam gradually became the dominant religion at that time and remains the dominant religion nowadays. Qutaiba ibn Muslim built a great mosque inside the citadel in the year 712-3. This place formerly was a temple. The inhabitants of Bukhara became Muslims, but each time after the Muslims withdrew, they apostatized. Qutaiba ibn Muslim converted them three times to Islam, but they apostatized and became unfaithful. The fourth time he went to war, he seized the city and established Islam after many difficulties. For a century after the Battle of Talas, Islam slowly took root in Bukhara. In 850 AD, Bukhara became the capital of the Samanid Empire, which brought about a revival of the Iranian language and culture after the period of Arab rule. Under the control of the Samanids, Bukhara was a rival of Baghdad in his glory. Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian more than the Buyids and Saffarids, while continuing to patronize Arabic to a significant degree. Nevertheless, in a famous edict, the Samanid authorities declared that "here in this region, the language is Persian, and the kings of this kingdom are the Persian kings." During the Golden Age of the Samanids, Bukhara is became the intellectual center of the Islamic world and therefore, at that time, of the world itself. Muhammad Al-Bukhari, a prominent Islamic scholar who gathered the authentic sayings (hadiths) of the Prophet Muhammad, was born in this city. During this period, Bukhara was by far the largest city in Central Asia
and one of the largest and most popular. The city was also a center of Sufi Islam, notably The Naqshbandi Order. In 1005, Bukhara was included in the Turkish state of Karakhanids. Karakhanid ruler Arslan Khan ordered the construction of one of the most beautiful minarets in the Islamic world - Minora-I Kalon. In the early 13th century, it was invaded by khorezmshakh Muhammed (1200-1220). An impregnable fortress in Bukhara.
The Ark is considered the oldest building in Bukhara and has housed the city's rulers for centuries, until 1920 when the Red Army artillery hammered the fortress into submission.
Its imposing walls have been restored to give an impression of how much the fortress was to be impregnable at its peak. The Ark formed a royal city within the city, with palaces, a throne room, a mosque, barracks, stables and workshops contained within its walls. It was the fortified fortress from which the city was governed.Today, it houses a museum covering the history, architecture and nature of Bukhara.
Tea time, in the city of Bukhara.
Bukhara is not only a city of tourism and shopping. To relax, join locals for a pot of green tea in the shade of the mulberry trees that surround the city's original water source, a pool known as Labi Hauz.
As you curl up on a topchan, an elevated sitting area covered with floor cushions, sipping green tea, it's not hard to imagine you being transported back in time to the 1001 nights, with the domes and the minarets of the old city illuminated around you and the exotic perfumes that fill the air.
References:
1. "The growing importance of tourism in the world economy and international affairs". journal.georgetown.edu. Accessed April 9, 2017, p-105.
2. "International tourism facing the deterioration of the global economy" (PDF). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer. 7 (1). In January 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2013. Accessed November 17, 2011, p-202.
3. Google.com
4. Wikipedia.fr
