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0EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Innovative Academy Research Support Center UIF = 8.2 | SJIF = 8.165 www.in-academy.uz
TYPES OF CAUSES OF STUTTERING IN CHILDREN
Eshmatova Raykhan
Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Special pedagogy: speech therapy
direction 2nd course https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11474596
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF
SOCIAL SCIENCES
PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
,„„,«., —«MR?-
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 23th May 2024 Accepted: 30th May 2024 Online: 31th May 2024
KEYWORDS Stuttering, clonic stuttering, tonic stuttering,
psychological factors.
The problem of stuttering is one of the oldest in the history of the development of the doctrine of speech disorders. Different interpretations of its essence are related to the development of science and the level of the authors' approach to speech disorders.
BOLALARDA DUDUQLANISHNI KELIB CHIQISH SABABLARI TURLARI
Eshmatova Rayxon
Nukus davlat pedagogika instituti Maxsus pedagogika:logopediya
yo'nalishi 2-kurs https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11474596
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 23th May 2024 Accepted: 30th May 2024 Online: 31th May 2024 KEYWORDS
Duduqlanish, duduqlanish, duduqlanish, omillar.
klonik tonik psixologik
Duduqlanish muammosini nutq buzulishlari haqidagi ta'Umotning rivojlanishi tarixida eng qadimiylaridan biri hisoblanadi. Uning mohiyatini turlicha talqin qilish fanning rivojlanishi va mualliflarning nutq buzilishlariga qanday nuqtai nazardanyondashganliklari darajasi bilan bog'liqdir.
Stuttering is a speech disorder that often begins in childhood and can lead to disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repeating sounds or words, prolonging sounds, or experiencing blockages in speech. Although the exact causes of stuttering are not fully understood, there are several factors that contribute to the development of this speech disorder in children. One of the most common causes of stuttering in children is genetics. Research has shown that stuttering runs in families, suggesting a genetic component to the disorder. In fact, studies have shown that children whose parents or siblings stutter are more likely to develop stuttering. Another potential cause of stuttering in children is neurophysiology. It refers to the functioning of the brain and nervous system, and abnormalities in these systems can affect speech production. Some children may have difficulty coordinating the complex movements required for fluent speech, leading to stuttering. Developmental factors may also play an important role. For example, some children may experience temporary stuttering during
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Innovative Academy Research Support Center UIF = 8.2 | SJIF = 8.165 www.in-academy.uz
speech development as they learn to form sentences and communicate effectively. In most cases, this type of stuttering will disappear on its own as the child's language skills improve.
Psychological factors also contribute to stuttering in children. Anxiety, stress, and other emotional problems can exacerbate stuttering symptoms, as children may feel self-conscious or feel pressured to speak fluently. Stuttering can also be caused by certain situations or events that cause stress or anxiety in the child. Environmental factors can also affect the development of stuttering in children. For example, children who are exposed to high levels of stress or trauma at home may develop stuttering. Additionally, children who grow up in environments where speech is not valued or encouraged may be at increased risk of stuttering. Speech and language disorders are another potential cause of stuttering in children. Children with problems with speech articulation, language development, or other communication skills may be more likely to stutter. In some cases, treatment of speech or language disorders can improve the symptoms of stuttering. In rare cases, neurological disorders such as brain injuries or neurodevelopmental disorders can cause stuttering in children. These conditions can affect the way the brain processes language and speech, leading to difficulty speaking fluently. Children with neurological disorders may require special treatment to address the symptoms of stuttering. Finally, certain medications or medical conditions can also cause stuttering in children. For example, some medications used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or other disorders can cause changes in speech or fluency. In addition, medical conditions such as hearing loss, cleft palate, or vocal cord paralysis can affect speech production and cause stuttering.
In children, stuttering (stuttering) often appears at the beginning of speech or, less often, in the middle. As a result of spasmodic movements of the articulatory and laryngeal muscles, the patient is stuck on one sound or a group of sounds. The main types of stuttering are:
• Clonic stuttering: It is characterized by repeated formation of words, syllables and tones.
• Tonic stuttering: In this case, the production of sound stops, and the patient cannot move on to the articulation of another sound.
The causes of stuttering depend on various factors, which include: Hereditary predisposition
• Diseases with encephalopathic consequences
• Injuries in utero or during childbirth Nervous system overwork and fatigue
There are also conditions that contribute to the development of stuttering: Violation of motor development and sense of rhythm
• Lack of emotional development
• Relationships with othersng abnormality
• Hidden mental illnesses
Stuttering treatment methods differ in logopedic approach and types of therapeutic effects. Early intervention can help prevent stuttering, especially in adulthood.
Tension occurs in one or other organs of speech: breathing, vocal cords or articulatory apparatus. Stuttering associated with respiratory disorders is divided into 3 forms: expiratory, inspiratory and respiratory.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Innovative Academy Research Support Center UIF = 8.2 | SJIF = 8.165 www.in-academy.uz
Expiratory form (pulling during exhalation);
Inspiratory form (inhalation during breathing, sometimes with wheezing); Respiratory form (with the division of words during inhalation and exhalation). A characteristic sign of tension in the vocal cords in children: silence; to whisper; lengthening vowels. Place of attraction in the articulatory apparatus (lip, tongue, soft palate). They are often noticeable when pronouncing explosive consonants (k,q,p,b,t,d,g,g'). The phonetic character of the sound, the character of the grammatical construction, and the violation of the grammatical construction are also causes of attraction. Mood and surrounding environment also have a great influence on pulling. When the child is reciting a familiar poem, he is less likely to be among the people he knows. In the excited speech of stuttering children, phonetic - phonemic and lexical grammatical disorders are noticeable. For example, phonetic-phonemic disorders in stuttering children make up 66.7%, children with low vocabulary and unformed grammatical structure make up 34%. The problem of stuttering is one of the oldest in the history of the development of the doctrine of speech disorders. Different interpretations of its essence are related to the development of science and the level of the authors' approach to speech disorders. In ancient times, stuttering was considered to be a disease associated with the accumulation of moisture in the brain (Hippocrates) or an incorrect relationship between the parts of the articulatory apparatus (Aristotle). Galen, Celsus, and Ibn Sina recognized that stuttering may be impaired in the central or peripheral (external) parts of the speech apparatus.
In summary, stuttering in children can have many causes, including genetic factors, neurophysiology, developmental factors, psychological problems, environmental influences, speech and language disorders, neurological conditions, medications, or medical conditions. Understanding the various causes of stuttering can help parents, teachers, and healthcare providers provide appropriate support and treatment to children struggling with this speech disorder. By addressing the underlying causes of stuttering, children improve their fluency and communication skills, which improves quality of life and improves social interactions.
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