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5Body conditioning to build speed endurance in female students
UDC 796.011
Corresponding author:
O.A. Safonova1
PhD, Professor K.N. Dementyev1
1Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Saint Petersburg
safonov812@yandex.ru
Abstract
Objective of the study was to experimentally prove the effectiveness of the program of physical training with the use of the speed-strength exercises in application to the female architecture and civil engineering students engaged in track and field athletics.
Methods and structure of the study. The educational experiment lasted from September through December 2020. Subject to the experiment were the female architecture and civil engineering students engaged in the track and field athletics specializing in the 100-1500 m races and having mass categories.
The training sessions were conducted according to the developed program of complex orientation, which was based on the series of speed-strength exercises. The program included cyclic and acyclic exercises that combined static and dynamic workloads, with the predominance of the latter. An interval method was applied in developing the training program: 20 sec for exercises, 10 sec for rest in-between the exercises. A total of 4 exercise blocks were compiled.
Results and conclusions. The new speed-strength endurance training model was tested beneficial as verified by the progress of the sample in the competitive speed endurance and post-stress recovery tests. The speed-strength endurance training model and its elementary practice modules may be recommended for application in the academic physical education curricula, conditional on the individual progress tested by at least the most accessible functionality/ physical fitness tests including the Ruffier test and 6-point functionality test.
Keywords: sports, physical load (PL), physical working capacity, speed-strength endurance (SSE), progress tests, physical fitness (PF), functionality, track sports
Background. Improvements in functions of the muscular energy generation mechanisms secured by the ontogenesis-customized athletic training toolkits normally come in a complex non-linear manner. They are associated with cardinal changes in structure and functionality of the muscle fibers; significant transformations in the enzyme systems and vegetative systems responsible for the oxygen/ substrates supply and performance of regulatory centers. Such healthy transformations heavily contribute to the physical performance efficiency and reliability [1]. Progress in special physical working capacity may be achieved by prudently selected sets of exercises sensitive to the
individual physiological effects of every training tool. Persistent trainings may facilitate progress in the bodily systems as verified by the special physical working capacity, physical fitness and functionality tests. Research communities need to mobilize untapped resources in this domain by analyzing benefits of new combined training systems, models and tools, with every individual effect in the training process tested to have the training system customized to the relevant individual functions and progresses. This is at least one of the reasons why the modern sports need accurate, customizable and adequate physical working capacity test tools and systems [2-4].
Objective of the study was to experimentally test benefits of the speed-strength endurance training model for women's track sports groups at engineering university.
Methods and structure of the study. Physical working capacity is commonly defined as the individual performance within some timeframe and physical efficiency range rated by a set of criteria indicative of the individual responses to specific workloads and the relevant physiological costs. We sampled for the new speed-strength endurance training model testing experiment (run in September through December 2020) Class I-III women track athletes specializing in the 100m-1500m running events at Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Prior to the experiment, the sample was examined by a medical commission and attributed to the main health group and normotonic constitution.
The speed-strength endurance training model was designed to combine cyclic/ acyclic/ static/ dynamic exercises with prevalence of the latter in an interval training system with every 20s exercise followed by a 10s rest break. The system included four training modules of four different exercises each, with two repetitions of every exercise; and with 2-min rest breaks after every module. Every such training session took 20 minutes; with the modules alternated on a weekly basis as follows:
• Module 1 (20+ cycles): jumping rope; prone rock climber drill; squat to high jump; and high-hip standing run;
• Module 2 (20+ cycles): jumping onto 40cm bench; standing split jump alternating drill; standing knees-to-chest jumps; run with hands on the wall;
• Module 3: squat to prone rest to squat to high jump drill: 7+ reps; prone push-ups: 10+ reps; 40cm bench crossing jumps: 10+ reps; 5m shuttle alternated run: 5+ reps; and
• Module 4: 3-5kg fitball chest-to-the-wall throws; standing high jumps with a fitball: 10+ reps; prone to squat to high jump to squat with the fitball drill: 7+ reps; and prone run with a fitball.
The sample was tested by the Deshin-Kotov Functionality Test to rate the cardiovascular system adaptability to the speed-strength endurance trainings by the following procedure: pre-stress (resting) heart rate and blood pressure test; followed by a 2-min high-hip standing run (with the hip parallel to the floor in the top point) rated at 180 steps per minute; and the poststress 3-min sitting heart rate / blood pressure tests.
Results and discussion. Individual progresses in the sample were rated by the pre- versus post-experimental tests. The pre-experimental functionality tests found the following: pre-stress heart rate and blood pressure test rates averaged 66.2±3.1 beats per min (bpm) and 122.5±2.9/ 72.9±7.2 mmHg, respectively. The post-stress test rates varied as follows: minute 1: 123.1±12 bpm and 150±24.6/ 92±17.6 mmHg; minute 2: 106±14 bpm and 131.6±9.9/ 86±7.4 mmHg; and minute 3: 101.8±13.3 bpm and 135.9±16/ 81±10 mmHg, respectively. These test rates may be interpreted as indicative of the good post-stress recovery capacity in the sample, with the total recovery time tested to average 3 to 6min: see Table 1.
The post-experimental functionality tests found the following: the pre-stress heart rate and blood pressure test rates averaged 73.7±4.5 bpm and 118±9.8/
Table 1. Pre-experimental heart rate/blood pressure test data: Deshin-Kotov Functionality Test
Results ■D , 2 > loo
a Q Pre-stress Post-stress ® O -ü
•C Heart Blood Heart rate Blood pressure 2 = £ rs
rate pressure Min 1 Min 2 Min 3 Min 1 Min 2 Min 3 CB 0
1 65 118/71 121 111 104 183/116 140/99 148/103 5
2 68 125/73 123 80 79 165/101 131/87 123/87 4
3 70 121/72 128 109 100 196/127 149/86 140/86 3
4 68 120/70 123 109 105 121/77 120/80 122/74 4
5 70 110/72 123 108 100 151/70 129/93 163/70 6
6 64 125/78 124 117 117 128/74 135/72 117/67 4
7 59 121/74 104 89 94 134/81 116/83 110/74 3
8 67 123/80 105 90 86 129/85 125/81 123/77 3
9 66 125/73 131 128 123 150/98 140/94 137/87 4
10 65 120/70 149 121 110 145/90 131/84 130/85 6
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Table 2. Post-experimental heart rate/blood pressure test data: Deshin-Kotov Functionality Test
2 Results ■u 8 i ja® —
Pre-stress Post-stress
■C it Heart Blood pres- Heart rate Blood pressure C a§
rate sure Min 1 Min 2 Min 3 Min 1 Min 2 Min 3 Œ m ® iX
1 72 127/71 114 79 75 169/96 143/86 128/88 4
2 70 120/70 120 78 72 129/110 121/106 118/84 4
3 75 130/71 104 95 71 137/84 127/76 126/71 3
4 75 124/70 135 83 75 142/84 131/71 127/70 3
5 83 92/62 110 100 83 126/80 120/80 120/70 3
6 69 114/76 84 75 69 150/76 128/74 124/72 3
7 74 121/83 110 110 74 164/83 155/74 145/76 3
8 67 120/70 111 90 87 156/80 125/76 116/74 3
9 79 117/68 87 83 79 135/86 118/65 114/63 3
10 73 117/66 111 91 83 120/76 118/74 117/70 3
We averaged and visualized the above functionality test data for analysis: see the Figure hereunder.
70±5.3 mmHg, respectively. The post-stress test rates varied as follows: minute 1: 108±14.5 bpm and 142±15.6/ 85±9.8 mmHg; minute 2: 80±26.7 bpm and 125±46.7/ 71±24 mmHg; and minute 3: 76.8±5.6 bpm and 112±35/ 67±21 mmHg, respectively. The post-experimental total recovery time averaged 3-4min versus 3-6min in the pre-experimental test. The poststress heart rate test rates were found to grow by 4% to 37% - that is indicative of the functional progress. The leading athletes were tested with the lower heart rate / blood pressure variation ranges and 3min recovery times: see Table 2.
Heart rate Systolic blood pressure Diastolic blood pressure
■ Pre Post
Figure 1. Pre- versus post-experimental heart rate/blood pressure post-stress (minute 3) test rates
Benefits of the speed-strength endurance training model for the sample were additionally verified by the 2019/ 2020 competitive success data of the sample: see Table 3.
Conclusion. The new speed-strength endurance training model was tested beneficial as verified by the progress of the sample in the competitive speed en-
Table 3. 2019/ 2020 competitive progress of the sample in the track events, s
Athlete Event 2019 2020 Progress
1 60m 9,4 8,7 0,7
2 100m 14,1 13,4 0,7
3 200m 32,0 31,1 0,9
4 400m 68,1 64,3 3,8
5 800m 152,4 148 4,4
6 1500m 325,0 315,0 10,0
durance and post-stress recovery tests. The speed-strength endurance training model and its elementary practice modules may be recommended for application in the academic physical education curricula, conditional on the individual progress tested by at least the most accessible functionality/ physical fitness tests including the Ruffier test and 6-point functionality test.
References
1. Aulik I.V. Determination of physical working capacity in clinic and sport. Moscow: Meditsina publ., 1990. 192 p.
2. Safonova O.A., Dementyev K.N., Germanova A.A. Building strength endurance in female civil engineering students. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2020. No. 12. pp. 35-37.
3. Safonova O.A., Kadyrov R.M., Dementiev K.N. Intellectual performance improving integrated physical training algorithm for academic physical education. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2019. No. 11. pp. 62-64.
4. Chogovadze A.V., Krugly M.M. Medical control in physical education and sports. Moscow: Meditsina publ., 1977. 175 p.
