CC BY
32
Jumaev Rasul Axmatovich, associate professor, In the Department of Plant Protection from Pests and Quarantine Sabirov Sobir Karimbaevich, Master degree, Department of Plant protection from pests and quarantine Juraeva Nozimaxon Boxodirxon Qizi, Bachelor degree, Department of Plant protection from pests and quarantine.
Bolqiboev Shoxrux Shavkat O'g'li, Bachelor degree, Department of Plant protection from pests and quarantine Toshkent state agrarian university. Uzbekistan E-mail: rasul-jumaev@mail.ru E-mail: jumaevrasul1990@gmail.com
BIOECOLOGY OF GENERATIONS OF TRICHOGRAMMA DILUTED BY DIFFERENT METHODS
Abstract: In Uzbekistan, a great attention is paid to the use of biological method, in particular entomophags which, unlike the chemical method is characterized by safety to the environment and high biological efficiency reaches 65-70%.
Biological effectivenessof Natural generations: biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:10 ratio in 5 days illustrates 58%, in 7 days shows 69%, 9 days presents 76%.Biological effectiveness of the reared generations in biolaboratory: biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:10 ratio in 5 days illustrates 61%, in 7 days shows 72%, 9 days presents 81%.Biological effectiveness of in vitro generations: biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:10 ratio in 5 days illustrates 61%, in 7 days shows 70%, 9 days presents 89%.
Keywords: bioecology, generations, biomethod, trichogramma, rearing technology, in vitro, hemolymph, entomophage migration, biological effectiveness.
Introduction: Food security is now one of the glob- harmful butterflies, tk. focusing on the smell of the pest,
al problems of the world. Biodiversity plays an important lays 1-2 eggs in the pest eggs in which further develops,
role in promoting agricultural crops. Reproduction of feeding on the inner contents.
entomophags in laboratories requires a lot of financial Trichogrammatidae, a detachment of Hymenoptera. costs [1; 2; 6]. Despite the small sizes of 0.12-1.2 mm, the insects beIn the crop protection system of cotton, great impor- longing to this family of chalcids are considered para-tance is attached to the parasite-the egg-eating species- sites-oviphids of scoops, moths and many other harm-the species of the river. ful lepidopteran pests, develop inside their eggs. Unlike
In agrobiocenoses are found on cotton, corn, tomato, larvae, adults eat nectar flowers. cabbage, beet and other crops. It is considered one of This indicates a great deal of damage to the food in-
the main entomophages in the protection of crops from dustry On average, one female can lay 45-60 eggs. The
biological efficiency is 65-70%. Optimum conditions for development are: temperature within 20-330 ° C at relative humidity of 75-90%. In the population, the number of females is more and is 75-90%. In the conditions of Uzbekistan it gives 10-12 generations.
Growing eggs of scoops - natural hosts of Tricho-gramma.
To obtain the Trichogrammamother material, it is necessary to pass it through the autumn and winter stages through growing in a bio-laboratory in the eggs of natural hosts. [1; 3; 4; 5; 6].
For the production of pest eggs, in the conditions of a biological laboratory, the butterflies or pupae of the scoop collected in nature by various methods (for
example, light traps) are grown. One of the directions of obtaining eggs from butterflies of natural hosts is the breeding and reproduction of them in a biological laboratory on artificial or natural environments.
In the process of mass production of Trichogram-maparasite in laboratory conditions, the production of egg eggs is a great many ingredients (barley, wheat) and labor. As a result, the cost of replication increases. Nowadays science and education are in the midst of a growing number of problems, such as the intensification of entomophag species and the further improvement of their use, automation of reproduction, and the creation of artificial feeding environments [1; 2; 5].
Table 1.- Development of T.chilonisin various environments (2016-2017 years)
Development of T.chilonis in various environments Ratios Dev biolo relopment dates and gical effectiveness (%)
Biological effectiveness of Natural generations 5 days 7 days 9 days
T.chilonis 1:10 58 ± 0.02 69 ± 0.03 76 ± 0.03
1:15 51 ± 0.5 59 ± 0.04 67 ± 0.03
1:20 39 ± 0.03 48 ± 0.02 51 ± 0.02
Biological effectiveness of thereared generations in biolaboratory Ratios 5 days 7 days 9 days
T.chilonis 1:10 61 ± 0.03 72 ± 0.02 81 ± 0.03
1:15 53 ± 0.02 65 ± 0.03 69 ± 0.05
1:20 42 ± 0.05 54 ± 0.02 59 ± 0.04
Biological effectiveness of in vitro generations Ratios 5 days 7 days 9 days
T.chilonis 1:10 61 ± 0.03 70 ± 0.03 89 ± 0.05
1:15 52 ± 0.05 66 ± 0.04 73 ± 0.03
1:20 42 ± 0.04 55 ± 0.05 61 ± 0.04
The table presents information about percentage of biological effectiveness of T. chilonis in various environments.
Biological effectivenessof Natural generations:
biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:10 ratio in 5 days illustrates 58%, in 7 days shows69%, 9 days presents76%.
Biological effectivenessof T.chilonis in 1:15 ratio in 5 days illustrates 51%, in 7 days shows 59%, 9 days presents 64% (Table 1).
Biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:20 ratio in 5 days illustrates 39%, in 7 days shows 48%, 9 days presents 51%.
Biological effectiveness of the reared generations in biolaboratory: biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in
1:10 ratio in 5 days illustrates 61%, in 7 days shows 72%, 9 days presents 81%.
Biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:15 ratio in 5 days illustrates 53%, in 7 days shows 65%, 9 days presents 69%.
Biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:20 ratio in 5 days illustrates 42%, in 7 days shows 54%, 9 days presents 59%.
Biological effectiveness ofin vitro generations: biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:10 ratio in 5 days illustrates 61%, in 7 days shows 70%, 9 days presents 89%.
Biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:15 ratio in 5 days illustrates 52%, in 7 days shows 66%, 9 days presents 73%.
Biological effectiveness of T.chilonis in 1:20 ratio in 5 days illustrates 42%, in 7 days shows 55%, 9 days presents 61% (Table-1) [4; 5; 6].
However, more than 140-150 thousand tons of barley are allocated for bio-laboratories in the country annually. It is best to transfer artificial environments to entomophags, determining the responsibilities of production, storage and distribution of effective species [5; 6].
Reproduction of one Trichogrammain artificial environments will solve many problems. At the same time, it provides annual storage of grain, such as barley, corn, wheat, in our country [2; 5].
Artificial cultivation of Trichogrammanhas created several components of the environment and carried out researches on it. When studying the composition of egg species of the Trichogramma, it was determined that protein, fat, non-organic salt, water existed. The composition of the calves' eggs is very similar to one of them. Therefore, hemolymph of wormwood (G.melonnellan) worm, which is easy to reproduce in laboratory conditions, is taken as a basis. The pumice hemolymph of the cotton tunnel (H.armigera) and the autumn tunnel (A.seggetum sift) were also used for research.For this purpose, artichokes of Trichogrammmaare shaped like eggs of eggs of the tango.
Trichogrammaspp: T. evenecens, T.pintoe, T.chilonis. These two types of heart rate were brought to the laboratory in the Eggplant (H.armigera) on the cotton fields of the Buka district of Tashkent region and eggs in the autumn tunnel (A.seggetum cure).
Artificial Nutritional Ingredients: Seven-year-old worm or calf hemolimphane is a pollen (G.melonnellan) or horsetail (Heliothis armigera), chicken breast, cow's milk or dry milk solution, Neisenheimerneurganic salt bottling. Preparation of artificial food composition.
Removal of Hemolymph from Insect: Before taking the hemlimus of night worms or spores 5 to 6 minutes, water is taken from them for 5 to 6 minutes and then extracted from the water and separated from them by means of a small cut of liquid and put into a special stirred container.
Chicken egg yolk: Chicken egg is first cleaned with 75% alcohol and placed underneath the ultrafeolet flask for 20 minutes, then breaking the egg and separating egg yolk from the bottles.
Milk: 10% dry milk solution or 10% dry milk solution (dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water) is boiled for 10-11 minutes.
Neorganic salt broth: Neisenheimerneorganic salt (NaCl 7.5 g, KCl 0.1 g, CaCl2 0.2 g, Na HCO3 0.2 g, H2O 100 mL) is prepared from formyl.
The whole process should be carried out in a completely clean and fitted room.Required Laboratory Equipment and Equipment: Special Thermostat, Tuberculosis 50-PX, Polyethylene Material 0.2-0.4, MM, 96% Alcohol, Ultrasonic Lamp, Petrol Plate, Tube, Centrifuges 2500, Medical Syringe 2, 5 ml, 5 ml, and all equipment must be distilled [1; 2; 3].
The prepared feed medium was poured into 96% ethyl alcohol in a purse-shaped "egg card", and the next 0.4 mm polyethylene was mixed. Fertilized seeds were fertilized by a 1: 1 ratio of the fertilized and fed Trichog ramma(Trichogrammapintoi, Trichogrammaevenecens, Trichogrammachilonis), which was harvested the previous day before entering the test pack (50-PX) [4; 5; 6].
Research results
Trichogramma have two types of Trixogramma: Trichogramma pinto, Trichogrammaevenecens, these species are resistant to extrinsic conditions. Toxicity damage to the media is carried out on the basis of favorable conditions for the development of each species and placed in a thermostat under these conditions. T.pintoi was exposed to ozone culture at + 25 ± 5 ° S at 70 ± 5% relative air humidity. In order to compare the Tricho-grammageneration in all nutrient environments with the tunable seeds in the natural environment, the controllable varieties of cotton tunnel eggs were also infected with Trichogramma.
The above options were arranged in 20 bottlenecks and an effective nutritional medium was isolated.
Summary. The first colonization with the Tricho-gramma takes place 5-6 days after the detection of 2-3 butterflies of a cotton scoop per day by pheromone traps. The second and third time in 3-4 days after the detection of 1.2 butterflies per day. It is necessary to pay attention to the uniform distribution of the biomaterial. To do this, the Trichogrammaprepared for the exit from infected eggs is laid out in 2 or 3 l cans, then 100 pieces are laid out there. folded 1-1.5 cm of scraps of paper on which the evolved individuals of the entomophage are resettled. During the study, it was clear that all the
nutrient environments were infected with Trichogram-ma.) He put his eggs on him. However, some nutrient environments have been reported to be incurable because of the inconvenience for parasite generation. In the nutritional environment, thrombotic parasites con-
tinued to develop relatively more than in the nutritional medium, due to the high proportion of hemolympha in the wax. The reason for this is that hemoglobin contains more protein and fat, and is suitable for the development of parasitic larvae [4; 5; 6].
References:
1. Li Li-ying, Liu Wen-hui. Rearing Trichogramma spp, with artificial diets, containing hemolymph of different insects. Parasitoids and predators (insecta) of agricultural and forestry arthropod pests - P. 335-337.- 1997. (In China).
2. Li Li-ying, Liu Wenhui, Chen Chaoshian, Han Shityou, Shin Jiachi, Du Hansun, Feng shuyi. In vitro rearing of Trichogramma spp and anastatus sp in artificial "eggs" and the methods of mass production. Parasitoids and predators (insecta) of agricultural and forestry arthropod pests - P. 344-357. - 1997. (In China).
3. Grenier S., Liu W. H. Antifungals: mold control and safe levels in artificial media for Trichogramma (Hymenop-tera, Trichogrammatidae).- Entomophaga,-35: 285-290.- 1990.
4. Жумаев Р. А. In vitro rearing of trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) // European Science Review No. 9-10. Austria, Vienna - 2016.- P. 11-13.
5. Жумаев Р. А. The technology ofrearing Braconidae in Vitro in biolaboratory // European Science Review No. 10. (DOI: htp://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-3.4-3-5).Austria, - Vienna - 2017.- P. 3-5.
6. Жумаев Р. А. Массовое размножение трихограммы на яйцах хлопковой совки в условиях биолаборатории и ее применение в агробиоценозах // Халкаро илмий-амалий конфренция "Узбекистан мева-сабзавот мадсулотларининг устунлиги" маколалар туплами. - Тошкент: - 2016.- C. 193-196.
