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Saidov Istam Rustamovich, assistant of professor, in the Department of Plant Protection from Pests and Quarantine Khimsanbaev Xojimurod Xamrakulovich, professor, Department of Plant protection from pests and quarantine Rustamov Atxam Axmatovich, Ph D., degree, Department of Plant protection from pests and quarantine Joxongirov Nozimxon, Bachelor degree, Department of Plant protection from pests and quarantine Jumaev Rasul Axmatovich, associate professor, In the Department of Plant Protection from Pests and Quarantine Toshkent state agrarian university. Uzbekistan E-mail: rasul-jumaev@mail.ru E-mail: jumaevrasul1990@gmail.com
BIOECOLOGY, HARM OF TOBACCO TRIPS FOR THE COTTON PLANT AND MEASURE OF COUNTERACTION
Abstract: When receiving the planned harvest from cotton plant and other crops, along with application of the highest agrotechnology and other measures, their protection against pests, diseases and weeds is one of the major and necessary factors. Default carrying out measures for counteraction in a timely order, can lead up to loss in 30% of a harvest. Interpretation of literatures. Trips belong to order Thysanoptera suborder Terebrantia, family Thripidae. It is considered the frequent wrecker of a cotton plant. Except a cotton plant, it seriously damages tobacco, onions, greens and flowers. Trips settles down in young leaves and growing points of herbs of a cotton plant, thus piercing soaking damages crops. The lower part of damaged leaves, acquires a silver color, and from the injured buds, there are expanded sick leaves.
Keywords: Thysanoptera, Terebrantia, Thripidae, Thrips Tabaci, ratton, agrobiocenosis, pest, bioecology, imago.
Introduction. Along with the use of high-tech and other measures to obtain plan yield of cotton and other agricultural crops, it is necessary and crucial important to manage pests, diseases and weeds. Failure to take timely measures to control of pests, diseases and weeds can cause loss of yield up to 30%. In order to prevent this, the results of scientific and extinction research should be regularly applied to production. Only then we can harvest the crop without significant lost. This research aims
to get scientific results that will add up in to integrated pest management of one of the most important cotton sucker pest trips.
Literature review. Thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind 1889 (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Thripidae), is common pest in cotton production. In addition to cotton thrips severely damages tabaco, onion, greens and flower. Trips damages with piercing- sucking method the young cotton leaves and grows point. Damaged leaves start showing silver
Section 1. Biology
colored shiny spots in the abaxial side of the life where later heavily damaged leaves and flowers will fall of the plant and cotton ball development lows down[l; 2; 4].
Long-term application of same insecticides selected resistant trips population for certain pesticides. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to use different chemicals that has different mode of action or belonging to different chemical groups. According to Hodosiewicz (1975), average trips damage can reducs approximately 500 kg yield per hectare. Trips is very small insect, its length is 0.8-0.9 mm. The baby has a long, large, ruonded egg holder. The mature insect has two pairs of narrow wings [1; 3; 5].
The mouth part of thrips is piercing-sucking and it is short. Instar trips color is bit bail compare to imago trips, wingless and ovipositor is not developed on female trips. Moreover, instar trips compound eyes are not developed well during this period, only couple ommatidia are developed and 6 segmented antenna. It overwinters on the liter and upper surface of soil. In March it wakes
up from wintering and starts developing in weeds where later it moves to cotton. Female trips longevity is thirty days and fecundity is 100 eggs oviposited in to plant tissue. After nymph hatches from the egg it starts feeding along the leaf veins. The nymph moulting for four time and becomes an imago. Trips gives seven to eight generations in Uzbekistan condition.
Control measures. Cleaning fields from litter and plant material, and agrotechnical measures, as well as cotton seeds treatment with Gaucho, Dalucho, Ava-lanche-5kg/t, Gaucho-M-8-10kg/t before planting in the trips infested field helps to decreases trips population. Chemical method was selected for over research which is one of the vital part of integrated pest management. Asa an insecticide 20% Sumi-Alfa e.c. was selected for trips control with the dose od 0.1-liter per hectare, S6524 variety used. The experiments were conducted in Piskent district of Tashkent region. During spray temperature was 28 ° C and win speed was 2 m/sec. The results shown in (table 1).
Table 1.- Economic efficacy of 20% Sumi-Alfa e.c insecticide against trips in cotton prediction in Piskent district, Tashkent region
№ Option Spray Rate liter per hectare Number of pest in one plant
Before spray After spray
3 days 7 days 14 days 21 days
1. 20% Sumi-Alfa e.c 0.1 12.6 0.7 2.1 7.85 11.0
2. Standart Detsis 10% e.c. 0.2 11.8 0.6 2.1 7.0 10.4
3. Control Untreated 10.7 18.2 21.4 25.6 29.8
Biological efficacy (%)
1. 20% Sumi-Alfa e.c 0.1 - 92.4 83.2 37.9 12.7
2. Standart Detsis 10% e. c. 0.2 - 94.9 82.1 40.7 11.9
3. Control Untreated - - 170 200 239 278.5
The results show that 0.1 l/ha Sumi-Alfa 20% e.c.is biological efficacy in the first three days was the highest result, 92.4%, 83.2%, respectively. The insecticide was remaining biological efficiency for tow to trios and started to decline in the rest of the day. If control was done on time and in the optimal environment condition it can be achieve high efficiency. We can save up to 0.5 tons of cotton that can be lost as a result of trips damage.
Conclusion. The main porpoise of this research was to find a new highly biological effective insecticide for control of trips and ration of chemical in order to prevent resistance buildup of pest. The highest percentage of biological efficacy was observed on both standard and newly tested insecticides, 94.9% and 92.4% after 3 days. Using these insecticides controls trips in cotton production and prevents of approximately half a ton yield lost.
References:
1. Hasanov B.O. Cotton pests and control measures. - Tashkent, - 2001.- 36 p.
2. Alimuhammedov S. N., Xojaev Sh. T. Cotton pests and control measures «Mehnat».- Tashkent.- 1991. - 198 p.
3. Hasanov B. O. and et al. Cotton pests, diseases and weeds control. «University». publisher - 2002.- 34 p.
4. Xojaev Sh. T. Entomology, Agricultiral pest management and agrotoxicology. «Navruz» publisher - Tashkent. -2013.- P. 110-112.
5. Yanhitov V. V. Agricultural pests and management of them in Central Asian. - Tasheknt.- 1963.- 168 p.
