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0УДК 69 Atayeva J., Berdiyev M., Bayrammuradov R.
Atayeva J.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Berdiyev M.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Bayrammuradov R.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
BASIC INFORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Аннотация: this article provides a brief overview of wood materials and the basic information and characteristics of these materials. It also talks about the types of wood materials used in construction and their characteristics.
Ключевые слова: construction, structural materials, wood materials, hardwoods, hardwoods, oak, pine.
Wood is one of the ancient materials, and it is considered one of the best materials due to its low density, high strength, low thermal conductivity, and favorable aspects for mechanical processing. Along with these, wood materials also have disadvantages: they rot and burn easily, and they lose their strength and durability when exposed to acids and alkalis. Heat protection and other various elements of house constructions are made from wooden materials. One of the main goals of builders is to use wood materials economically and conveniently. Recently, fibrolite, arbolite, wood fiber and wood chipboards, as well as wood plastic products are made from wood
materials - sawdust, acorns, slats and logs. Trees are considered perennial trees. It consists of a main stem, a branch and a root. The grain is the main part of the tree, and the structure of the grain for the building material affects the quality of the wood. The core of the tree is heterogeneous in different directions. A typical tree core is viewed in three main cross-sections: transverse (torso), radial longitudinal (diameter and radius), and tangential longitudinal.
Wood materials are divided into two main groups by gender:
Solid wood materials (species): pine, larch, spruce, fir, cedar are used in construction.
Hardwood materials (species): oak, mountain ash, beech, birch, aspen are used in construction, as well as trees rarely used in temporary construction: birch, birch, elm, linden.
Deciduous trees: Deciduous trees make up the majority of forests. These trees are used in construction and wood processing industry because of their high quality. Pine, larch, juniper, fir, cedar are often used in the construction of solid wood materials (rocks).
Pine is the most common of the hardwood materials (species). Pine wood has a pink or dark-red heartwood and a yellowish-white grain, has high physical-mechanical and user-friendly characteristics and is capable of good processing. Pine wood structures, various products, plywood, etc. is made.
Larch wood is similar in appearance to pine wood, but it is denser and stronger. Laminates are characterized by high resistance to decay under variable humidity conditions. Therefore, they are used in hydrotechnical and underground structures, as well as in the preparation of sleepers.
Juniper is one of the most common soft wood materials (species), it is distinguished by its low density and relatively high strength index. But it rots quickly when used in humid areas. When preparing and using wind-based construction structures and products, they should be intended only for dry climates.
Pine trees are white in color and look like juniper. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, pine trees are similar to juniper, but their resistance to decay is low. Pines are used in construction, similar to juniper, in those areas.
Deciduous trees: Deciduous trees are the most widely used in construction compared to softwoods. Among the many types of deciduous trees, oak, mountain ash, beech, birch and aspen are used in construction.
Oak is a heavy, dense, hard and very strong yellow colored wood with a beautiful texture that holds up well in air and water. High-quality furniture, parquet and decorative veneers, and furniture are made from oak wood.
Mountain ash is a heavy, hard and strong wood, similar in appearance and texture to oak, but lighter in color. Mountain wood is used to make household items and furniture. Beech (Fagus) is a dense and strong white-reddish wood. Beech is used to make parquet, high-quality products and furniture. Berries are the most common deciduous trees in forests. Birch wood is hard and strong, but short-lived in changing conditions as it dries and dries out. Hanging lanterns, tableware, and furniture are made from white wood with a yellow or reddish shade.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Choshchiev. K. Building materials and products. Ashgabat, 1992;
2. Saparov M. Characterization of building material, Ashgabat 2010
