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14Journal of Geography and Natural Resources
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Changes in water volume and environmental impact in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system
Mirkomil Gudalov
Associate Professor, PhD. Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Jizzakh, Uzbekistan
ABOUT ARTICLE
Key words: Mirzachul development, Chordara reservoir, Aydar-Arnasay lake system, natural dam, collector-drainage waters, arid years, water volume, water level fluctuations, maximum evaporation.
Abstract: This article analyzes the changes in the water balance in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system for half a century and its impact on the environment.
Received: 04.01.22 Accepted: 10.01.22 Published: 15.01.22
Айдар-Арнасой куллар тизимида сув хажмининг узгариши ва атроф-мухитга
таъсири
Миркомил Гудалов
Доцент, PhD.
Жиззах Давлат Педагогика Институти Жиззах, Узбекистон
_МА^ОЛА ^А^ИДА_
Калит сузлар: Мирзачул Аннотация: Мазкур маколада ярим
узлаштирилиши, Чордара сув омбори, аср давомида Айдар-Арнасой куллар Айдар-Арнасой куллар тизими, табиий сув тизимида сувнинг кирим-чиким тугони, коллектор-зовур сувлари, балансидаги узгариши ва унинг атроф-кургокчил йиллари, сув хажми, сув мухитга булган таъсири тахлил килинган. сатх,ининг тебранишлари, максимал
бугланиш._
Изменение объема воды и воздействие на окружающую среду в системе озер Айдар-
Арнасай
Миркомил Гудалов
Доцент, PhD.
Джизакский Государственный Педагогический Институт Джизак, Узбекистан
_О СТАТЬЕ_
Ключевые слова: Мирзачульская Аннотация: В данной статье разработка, Чордаринское водохранилище, анализируются изменения водного баланса Айдар-Арнасайская озерная система, в системе озер Айдар-Арнасай за полвека природная плотина, коллекторно- и его влияние на окружающую среду. дренажные воды, засушливые годы, объем воды, колебания уровня воды, максимальное испарение.
Introduction
Prior to the development of Mirzachul and the construction of the Chordara Reservoir, Aydar, Arnasay and Tuzkan lakes consisted of separate small lakes. During the rainy years, the lakes were flooded by rivers from the western part of the Turkestan ridge and the northern slopes of Mount Nurata, as well as from the Syrdarya. As a result, salt lakes were formed in the basins. During the dry years, the water in the basins evaporated and turned into salt and brine.
In 1969, the rarest year in Central Asia, the Tokhtagul, Kayrakkum and Chordara reservoirs of the Syrdarya River accumulated more than the useful water capacity. It was not possible to discharge excess water from the Chordara Reservoir downstream along the Syrdarya River. The reason for this was the high risk of flooding in the Kazakh city of Kyzylorda. As a result, from February 1969 to March 1970, 21.8 km of water was discharged into the Arnasay basin through the Arnasay hydroelectric power station.
As a result of rising water levels in the Arnasay basin, a certain part of the water begins to flow into the Aydarkul basin. The water collected in Aydarkol, in turn, flows to Tuzkan. As a result, the natural dam in the middle is destroyed and, as a result, a large amount of water flows into Lake Tuzkon.
The main results and findings
3
From February to July 1969, 15,302 million m of water flowed from the Chordara Reservoir into the Aydar-Arnasay Basin, and the water level of Aydarkol was 237.19 meters. At that time, the water level of Lake Tuzkon was 229.7 meters.
400 thousand m of water passed from the Chordara reservoir to the Arnasay basin in 1971, and 580 thousand m in March and April 1972. Due to the increase in water flow, the water level in Lake Tuzkon rose by 22 meters, and in Aydarkol - by about 10 meters. As a result, the Aydar-
2 3
Arnasay Lakes System (AAKT) with an area
of 2,300 km2 and
a volume of 20 km was formed. In
Journal of Geography and Natural Resources ISSN: 2181-2713
1964-1974, 70% of the water coming to the AAKT falls on the Chordara reservoir [Alibekov L, 2012]. From 1974 to 1993, almost no water was pumped into the AAKT from the Chordara Reservoir. Only in some rainy years is a small amount of water discharged. Subsequent water inflows led to the preservation of water levels and the creation of large bases of fish stocks.
After the collapse of the former Soviet Union in the 1990s, the only energy system in Central Asia fell into disrepair. As a result, the sovereign states of Central Asia began to establish their own water and energy consumption regimes. For example, in the Kyrgyz Republic, the Tokhtagul
2 3
Reservoir (284 km , volume 19.5 km ), built for irrigation purposes, has been used for energy generation since 1993. As a result, the Tokhtagul Reservoir accumulated water in the spring and summer seasons, and began to make maximum use of the reservoir's water in the autumn and winter seasons, when electricity was in high demand. From this year, the excess water that flows into the reservoir in the fall and winter began to be discharged into the AAC.
According to the Uzbek Hydrometeorological Service, in the early 1990s the water level in the AAKT was 237 m, and in 1998 it reached 243 m, ie 6.0 m. The AAKT area has expanded to 1,074 km over the years. As a result, pastures around the lake, shepherd's huts and barns, and highways were flooded.
According to the Main Hydrometeorology Department of the Republic of Uzbekistan -
2
Uzhydromet, the absolute height of the AAC in November 1994 was 241 m, the area was 2810 km , and the water volume was 3100 km . Water surface fluctuations ranged from 0.8 to 2.3 meters. During the winter and spring, the water level rises due to the inflow of water from the Chordara, which is proportional to the volume. Maximum water levels in the lake are observed in May. In summer and autumn, the maximum evaporation was up to 3 km3, and the lake level decreased to 0.5-0.7 meters.
w v- 3 km
10 9 -
0 1 6 -
D 4 3 -
i n -
1 1 1
m LTl CO tn o *—1 ("sj m LTl ID CO cn o *—1 C\J m LH CO
(71 m (71 (71 (71 (71 ill <; <; < 1 <; o o o <; < ; <; T—1 T—1 T—1 1 TH TH T—1 TH
(71 (T1 cn (T1 (T1 (T1 (T1 o c~> o c~> o o o c~> o o c~> o c~> o C~> o C~> o o
*—i *—i 1—1 *—1 1—1 *—1 *—1 CNI CNI CM 1 OJ (M (N CNI CM CNI CM CM CNI rsl CNI rvi CNI CM fNI
YEARS
Figure 1. Annual chart of changes in the amount of water discharged from the Chordara Reservoir
into the AAC
As can be seen from the graph, from 1993 to 2018, the highest value of water discharged from the Chordara Reservoir into the AAKT was in 1994, while the lowest value was in 2013. In 1994, more than 9 km3 of water was discharged into the AAC, resulting in the flooding of more than 120,000 hectares of pastures.
In 2003, the Arnasay Reservoir was built to use the water from Chordara for irrigation and flood prevention. As a result, the water supply of 60.4 thousand hectares of land in Mirzachul, Dustlik and Arnasay districts has improved (see Table 1).
The inflow of the AACT water balance also includes groundwater. They come from the Nurata Mountains, the Kyzylkum Desert, the Mirzachul and the Chordara Reservoir. When the water level of Aydarkol and Tuzkon is 230-240 meters, the flow of groundwater is 1.4-1.6 m /sec. This is 40 million m per year, which is only 0.7% of the water balance in the AACT [Rafiqov A, 2003].
Table 1
Change in the amount of water collected in the Arnasay reservoir due to water discharged from the
Chordara reservoir, mln m3
№ Years Water volume at the beginning of the year The volume of water discharged from Chordara into the Arnasay Reservoir The volume of water discharged from the Arnasay reservoir Volume of water released for irrigation Maximum water volume of Arnasay reservoir
1 2004 130,0 820,0 780,0 40,0 950,0
2 2005 130,0 976,2 582,2 75,0 1106,2
3 2006 394,0 336 176 160 730,0
4 2007 340,0 390,0 259,0 99,4 730,0
5 2008 471,0 501,0 642,0 101,0 972,0
6 2009 330,0 400,0 233,0 129,0 730,0
7 2010 497,0 553,0 340,0 150,5 1050,0
8 2011 710,0 498,0 307,0 183,4 1208,0
9 2012 624,0 450,0 456,0 200,1 1074,0
10 2013 655,0 106,0 201,0 162,9 761,0
11 2014 561,0 301,2 166,9 134,3 862,2
12 2015 650,0 424,0 378,0 262,2 1074,0
13 2016 696,0 48,0 86,4 41,6 744,0
14 2017 516,0 410,0 381,0 167,2 1062,0
15 2018 698,0 353,6 330,0 121,9 1051,6
Note: Data of the Jizzakh Regional Department of Reservoirs, 2019
Most of the water added to the AACT is collector-drainage water. These waters come through the Akbulak, Border collector, Qli, Jizzakh main ditch (JBZ) and Boylama (PK-6) collector ditches. The amount of collector water depends on the amount of water used for irrigation. Утган асрнинг
3 3
70-йилларида Мирзачулни сугоришга сарфланадиган сув микдори 196 м /сек дан 219 м /сек га ошди. Шунга боглик х,олда сугориладиган ерлардан коллектор-дренажлар оркали
3 3
чикадиган сувлар микдори хам 43 м /сек дан 56 м /сек га ошди (2-жадвалга каранг).
Table 2
Amount of water discharged from collector-drains into Aydar-Arnasay lake system *
Years Collectors Jami water amount mln m3
Akbulak mln m3 Border collectors mln m3 Qli mln m3 JBZ mln m3 Longitudinal (PK-6) mln m3
2012 187,9 87,0 282,9 234,3 57,1 849,2
2013 213,7 74,4 323,9 238,3 55,9 906,2
2014 139,8 48,9 394,1 312,2 75,3 970,3
2015 127,7 50,3 394,2 305,0 83,2 960,4
2016 123,5 88,1 364,2 258,6 110,3 944,7
2017 126,4 77,6 428,6 314,8 118,8 1066,2
2018 126,9 51,9 393,3 312,1 97,5 981,7
Syrdarya-Zarafshan ITXBQ melorative expedition data, 2018 * Indicators of collector-drains in the territory of Jizzakh region In general, according to the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of Jizzakh region, the amount of water coming from the collectors in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Syrdarya, Jizzakh and Navoi regions during the year is 1.8-2.5 km .
When analyzing the water inflow after 2000, changes in the water area, rising water levels in the AAKT, from January of this year to May 2005, the water level in the lake system rose by
... 3
another 3.6 meters. During this period, 11.2 km of water was transferred to the Arnasay basin. The newly flooded area reached 477 km2.
The water balance of the AAKT in 2004 was determined as follows when the water level was 243 meters [Gudalov M, 2019].
I. The revenue side of the water balance:
Water from the Ia Chordara reservoir is 2.4 km /year.
Ib Main canals, collector-drainage water-3.4 km /year.
3
The amount of precipitation on the surface of the Iv Water is 0.002 km /year. A total of 5.8 km / year.
Journal of Geography and Natural Resources ISSN: 2181-2713
II. Expenditure part of water balance:
111 -3.95 km3 /
year for evaporation and transpiration.
112 The water absorbed around the reservoirs and used to fill the ponds is
1.85 km3 /
year.
A total of 5.8 km / year.
These figures show that in 2004 the amount of water entering and consuming the AACT was equal. In this case, the lake area is in a stable state. However, an increase in the amount of precipitation or new hydraulic structures under construction will disrupt this water balance.
2 3
As of 2005, the AAKT area was 3,610 km and the water volume was
42.19 km3. The
analysis of the periods from 2005 to 2010 in the AACT shows that the surface area has increased proportionally depending on the volume of water. In 2018, the area of the AAC was 3,702 km , the water volume was 44.09 km , and the water level was an absolute height of 245 m (see Figure 2).
W, ^ F, km2
45 40 35 -30 25 -20 15 10 5 -0
1969 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2018
YEARS
Figure 2. Changes in the surface area of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system depending on the volume
of water Conclusion
The amount of salinity in the AAKT is increasing due to the decrease in the inflow of water from the Chordara reservoir, on the contrary, the increase in the proportion of water from the collector-ditches. In the lake system, the salinity of the water increases from east to west. The salinity of the water is up to 7.4 g / l in the eastern part (Lake Arnasay), up to 7.6 g / l in the southeast (Lake Tuzkon), up to 7.9 g / l in the central part, and 8.6 g / l in the western part. to l (Aydarkol).
During the period from 1970 to 2018, changes in other morphometric parameters were also observed in the AACT, depending on the volume and area of water. The effect of AACT on
Journal of Geography and Natural Resources ISSN: 2181-2713
environmental landscapes can be assessed by determining changes in morphometric parameters over half a century (see Table 3).
Table 3
Analysis of morphometric parameters of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system
№ Morphometric indicators 1970 y * 2018 y ** Differences in performance
1 Water level, H, m 237,1 245,0 7,9
2 Water surface area, F, km2 2300 3702 1402
3 Water volume, W, km3 19,94 44,19 24,25
4 Length, L, km 155 350 195
5 The widest point, Bmax, km 33 40 7
6 Average width, Burt, km 15 19 4
7 The deepest point, hmax, m 22 27 5
8 Average depth, hort, m 8,6 9,5 0,9
Note: * N.E.Gorelkin and A.M. Based on data from Nikitin (1976)
** Based on satellite images (Google earth pro.) And data from the Aydar-Arnasay Lakes Directorate (2018).
In general, maintaining the level of the AAC at a height of 245 m will allow for the sustainable development of the organism and the surrounding landscape, as well as the development of coastal tourism on a large scale. As mentioned above, the water balance in the AAC is formed by the interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors. It requires the establishment of a single management system to control the inflow and outflow of water in the lake system and the rational use of biological resources.
References
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