CC BY
5
UDC: 62.278
Qiryigitov B.A.
teacher of department of chemistry and phyisics Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agro technologies
Uzbekistan, Andijan
AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AS A FACTOR OF ENERGY SAVING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE
ECONOMY
Annotation: The current level of energy consumption of the state economy is significantly higher than that of enterprises operating abroad. In general, such indicators of electricity consumption have a negative impact on the development of any of the economic entities.
Key words: computer, economy, high level, electrical resources, improvement of technologies.
A high level of electricity consumption negatively affects the level of competitiveness of a commodity producer, since it leads to the need to use additional financial costs, which should be included in investment ones, to ensure a normal level of energy supply for the country as a whole. Also, a high level of power consumption leads to an increase in the volume of emissions of harmful substances into the environment, and also increases the indicators of resource consumption. The development of the economy at the modern level should be focused on striving for a constant reduction in power consumption in the production process. This process cannot be carried out without the definition and implementation of the organizational, economic and technical conditions necessary for this. Therefore, the problem aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of electrical resources should be solved using an integrated approach, combining both increasing the energy efficiency of the equipment and technology used, and improving the organizational and economic basis of power consumption management. One of the main directions in solving scientific and technical problems in the development of modern enterprises is the automation of production processes and production. Automation of production is the process of development of machine production, in which the function of management and control, previously performed by a person, must be transferred to devices and automatic equipment. The main tasks of automation are as follows:
• intensification of production, based on the introduction of new achievements of science and technology,
• reduction in the number of technological transitions; • introduction of continuous schemes in the production process,
• further development of automation and mechanization processes. Scientific and technological progress dictates the activation of the
automation process, which affects the improvement of technologies, the mechanization of the production process, the provision of conditions that organize the creation of heavier high-performance processes, the development and implementation of which is impossible without automation.
The huge scale of tasks that are being solved by industry leads to the creation of factories and workshops with a high degree of production automation, improving the forms of planning and product quality management, technological processes and production based on the use of computer technology; creating devices and automation systems that operate on the basis of traditional technical means, as well as microprocessor technology. Technological processes can successfully operate at a high level of quality only if large-scale implementation of automation is ensured, that is, with the full transfer of control and monitoring functions to instruments and automatic systems. The process of automation of modern industries and enterprises is carried out in the main directions:
• development and implementation of instruments and automation equipment;
• creation of an automatic control and regulation system;
• development of automated control systems aimed at technological processes.
The current stage of industrial development is based on taking into account the continuity of technological processes using the main equipment operating continuously. At the same time, there are all the preconditions that determine the complex and complete automation of technological processes. Processes of the growth of labor productivity in the industrial sector of Russia, the development of new technologies that are aimed at improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of production, lead to the restoration and improvement of control systems, developed and implemented on the basis of the latest tools in measurement and automation. Automation of technological processes is the most important means of increasing labor productivity, reducing material and energy costs, improving product quality, introducing progressive production management methods and increasing operational reliability. The determination of the values of quantities that characterize the state of the control object: pressure, temperature, flow rate, level in technical devices, physical and chemical indicators of substances that are processed at different stages of the technological process, etc. In the process of manual control, all functions for analysis the technological process is performed by a person, including the adoption and implementation of decisions on the impact on the process. Manual remote control can also be applied when the process is influenced by special devices controlled by a person. In this case, information about the process parameters can be obtained using automatic control systems for the recorded indicators of automatic control and measuring devices. Reducing power consumption in the automation process without stopping technological processes can be implemented on the basis of a particular case of control, that is, regulation. The purpose of automatic control systems
(hereinafter referred to as ACP) is the process of maintaining preset or optimal values of values that determine the course of the technological process. An automatic control system can, in principle, be implemented using fairly simple technical means, which include local regulators. However, it should be borne in mind that the functionality of these systems is very limited. Automation of more complex control functions, such as optimization of the technological process or decision-making in case of unacceptable violations in the course of the technological process, cannot be carried out without the use of computer technology, as well as devices that ensure the prompt exchange of information between production personnel and directly the technical means themselves. This has led to the wider use of automated control systems (ACS). The main purpose of which are both technological process control and organizational management of enterprises. The level and dynamics of power consumption in the production process depends on the influence of numerous external and internal factors. Scientific and technological progress plays the main role in reducing power consumption in the production process.
The main directions in improving the technical level of technological processes, pursuing the goal of intensifying the use of electricity consumption, are as follows:
• introduction of high-performance and less energy-intensive processes and
units;
• withdrawal from the production process of obsolete and physically worn out equipment;
• introduction of a control and accounting system for energy consumption;
• the use of secondary energy resources, etc. However, the main paradox is that a wide range of areas of scientific and technological progress affects the level of energy costs ambiguously.
The studies recognize that the processes of mechanization and automation of production lead to an absolute increase in consumption of electricity. However, the fact that with the automation of the technological process there is an active increase in the level of labor productivity, leads to an increase in the volume of production. Thus, the saving function in the automation of production processes is determined by the change not in the absolute volume of power consumption, but by the dynamics of the specific resource consumption.
References:
1. Vasilyeva N.G., Gracheva L.N. On the issue of automation of the technological process of applying galvanic coatings on the example of anodic oxidation [Text] // Technical sciences: traditions and innovations: materials of the international. scientific. conf. (Chelyabinsk, January 2012). - Chelyabinsk: Two Komsomolets, 2012.
2. Makarova L.M., Dushutina E.N. The use of foreign programs for the automation of accounting work at domestic enterprises // Young scientist. - 2014.
