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Dadakhodzhaev A., candidate of agricultural sciences
associate professor Namangan Engineering and Construction Institute Republic of Uzbekistan, Namangan
Juraev U. lecturer
Namangan Engineering and Construction Institute Republic of Uzbekistan, Namangan
ASSESSMENT TYPIFICATION OF RELIEF RAVINE DANGEROUS LAND SQUARES OF THE NAMANGAN ADYRS OF THE FERGANA
VALLEY
Abstract. On the territory of the Fergana Valley, the development of ravines on gully-dangerous territories in the process of gully erosion as the channels of water flows deepen, more and more The factor of erosion of the underlying rocks will be important. Widespread anthropogenic land development in Uzbekistan in 1975-1980 influenced intensification of processes of erosion and technogenic disturbance of soils, which led to a reduction in more 300 thousand hectares of agricultural land and deterioration of soil and ecological situation of the country.
Key words: Erosion relief, valleys, plains, low mountains, middle mountains, basins, high slopes, river beds, gullies, ravine, damage, dangerous ravine.
Namangan adyrs are located in the northeastern part of the Namangan region. [1,2]
Of great importance are the ravine and dangerous places, the relief of which we call a set of irregularities in the earth's surface, which is especially typical for development of ravine formations. Depending on the nature of the relief, the area They are divided into flat, hilly and mountainous. [3,4]
The problem is aggravated by the fact that in the arid zone and mountainous region of the Republic application of traditional methods of reclamation and reclamation of damaged ravines and man-made soil activities. [5,6]
An important criterion for assessing gully erosion is determining the territory according to categories of ravine land hazard, which should form the basis of design anti-erosion measures. Ravine danger of land - a territory where a combination natural conditions creates a danger of development of gully erosion during economic use. [7,8]
The main source causing soil erosion is concentrated water flow from precipitation runoff and irrigation. All others are natural ravine hazard factors are to one degree or another related to their erosive power. [9,10]
The development of ravines in dangerous places in the initial stages largely depends on the armoring role of vegetation, which is determined by the amount
of ground mass and roots. These indicators in natural landscapes are determined by the biological type of vegetation, and for cultivated ones by the agricultural background. But the soil-protective role of plants under conditions of natural moisture cannot be established regardless of the periods of vegetation development and the occurrence of erosive-hazardous precipitation. Soil protection capacity in our case is calculated by dividing the projective cover by the maximum 20-minute precipitation erosion index. [11,12]
According to the degree of manifestation and gully danger of the territory, depending on anthropogenic factor of the category of agricultural land can be arranged in the following sequence (in descending order): newly irrigated lands of gently sloping plains, foothills, adyrs and high river terraces - old irrigated lands with the same topography - rainfed lands of low mountains, middle mountains and adyrs - year-round pastures middle mountains - seasonal pastures highlands. The same sequence by type of crop: row crops - rainfed perennial plantings - annual grain crops continuously sown - rainfed perennial plantings -annual grasses - perennial grasses. [13,14]
Relief typification for assessing the ravine danger of the Fergana Valley territory as follows:
A. River valleys.
- modern channels, floodplains and deltas of large rivers are slightly dangerous;
- complex of low (I-III) river terrace levels of large rivers - low gully hazardous;
- complex of high (IV-VI) river terrace levels - medium - and highly gully-dangerous;
- strongly incised canyon-shaped river beds and adjacent floodplains terraces are highly gully-dangerous;
- ancient alluvial - proluvial deltas - slightly dangerous;
B. Lake depressions and dry drainless basins;
- the bottoms of modern lake depressions and ancient drainless basins. Dried the bottom of the Aral Sea is not dangerous;
- the slopes of lake depressions and drainless basins are weakly -moderately dangerous;
V. Plains and Ustyurt plateau.
- plains with deflationary - accumulative aeolian landforms (composed of sand) - not dangerous;
- plains are flat and slightly sloping alluvial - proluvial, folded rocks -moderately dangerous;
- gently sloping plains of the Ustyurt plateau with clayey - gravelly deposits - not dangerous;
- hilly - undulating plains and ridges of Ustyurt - slightly dangerous;
- steep ledges of the Ustyurt formation upland ("chinks") - highly gully-dangerous;
G. Plains and Ustyurt plateau.
- foothills and sloping foothill plains are poorly dissected - moderately dangerous;
- foothills are moderately and strongly dissected - highly dangerous;
- hilly, hilly and undulating foothills - weak - and medium - ravine dangerous;
- river alluvial cones of order IV-V - low gully;
D. Low mountains, remnant low mountains and low mountain elevations.
- low mountains are weakly and moderately dissected - weakly and moderately dangerous;
- strongly - and very strongly (badlands) dissected low mountains - low gully hazardous;
- outlier low mountains and hills with varying degrees of dissection - low gully hazardous;
- erosive - dissected hilly - ridged uplands of the foothills ("adyri") - a very dangerous ravine;
- steep landslide - scree slopes of low mountains and hills - moderately dangerous;
E. Srednegorye.
- weakly and moderately dissected middle mountains - medium ravine dangerous;
- strongly dissected middle mountains - weakly - and medium ravines are dangerous;
- rocky, deeply dissected highlands - not dangerous;
- high mountain plateau and planation surfaces are poorly dissected -weakly dangerous.
The need for such typification is dictated by the most important circumstance that distribution and conditions for the development of linear forms of erosion in a very close manner associated specifically with geomorphological conditions. On the plains, which occupy almost 3/5 of the total area of the Republic, gully erosion is focal in nature and can develop in individual areas of the mesorelief. In conditions of dismembered relief with slopes of varying steepness and shape, near high river ledges terraces, on low and medium altitude mountain belts, where there is low development territory, it can manifest itself widely and variedly. [15,16]
In general, the entire leveled soil-substrate surface has a low fertility and minimal erosion resistance. Therefore, in mastering ravines for agricultural use there is a need to solve erosion processes and intensive growth of the fruit of rhodium planned lands. [17,18]
Soil and water conservation agriculture on the area of the reclaimed surface should be complex, combining agro-forests and hydro-reclamation methods of soil protection from erosion. [19]
In the ravine of the dangerous territories of the Adyrs, from organizational and economic measures into the practice of the agro-industrial complex, we introduced a complex of soil systems for conservation agriculture, two-time annual accounting and assessment of eroded lands on farms. [20]
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