CC BY
3
УДК 616.89
Agranovsky M.L.
Muminov R.K.
Sarbayeva N.K.
Dalimova S.A. department of psychiatry and narcology Andijan State Medical Institute
ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN BORN FROM CLOSELY RELATED MARRIAGES
Resume: Children born in closely related marriages with and without hereditary burdens have a high percentage of neuropsychiatric complications, while children born outside of a close relationship suffered from minor deviations due to perinatal factors.
Key words: children, mental disorders, closely related marriages, hereditary burden.
Relevance. Scientists from Northern Ireland claim that compared with the general population, children born in a marriage between cousins have a significantly increased risk of depression and schizophrenia[3].
The ban on closely related marriages (between blood relatives of the first line) goes back to ancient times. Such a ban dramatically reduces the likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth and the development of hereditary diseases in offspring[1]. On the other hand, marriages between cousins (fourth-line relatives) are not uncommon in many countries - but children from such marriages face an increased risk of developing mental illness in adulthood[2].
In European countries, marriages between cousins are not very rare, however, according to researchers from Queens University in Belfast (Queen's University, Queen's University Belfast), among children born in a marriage union of "cousins" and "cousins", clinical depression and schizophrenia are more often observed[4].
The authors of the article, published on April 4 in the online journal Jama Psychiatry, analyzed data on the health status of living citizens of Northern Ireland who were born between 1971 and 1986.
In the cohort of 363,960 people, 0.2% were children born in related marriages[3].
After taking into account other risk factors, scientists found that, compared with the general population, children of cousins were much more likely to take antidepressants and medications for the treatment of increased anxiety (35.8% in the study group and 26.0% in the general population)[2].
In addition, the children of cousins and cousins were more often prescribed antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotics were taken by 8.5% of the
offspring of related marriages and 2.7% of the general population of the corresponding age).
Scientists from Belfast determined that, compared with the general population, the risk of developing schizophrenia in the offspring of marriages between cousins was 2 times higher, and the probability of depression in children born in such related marriages increased 3 times[4].
At the same time, the researchers did not find an increased risk of depression and schizophrenia in children born in marriages between second cousins.
The purpose of the study. Analysis of the modern scientific base on the problem of related marriages, assessment of their impact on the development of a particular pathology in children.
Materials and methods of research. 100 children born in closely related marriages aged 3 to 15 years were selected from the number of patients registered in the Andijan Regional Neuropsychiatric Dispensary (AOPND). Of these, 47 are boys and 53 are girls.
The study group consisted of 52 children from families from closely related marriages with hereditary burden.
Group II - 48 children from families from closely related marriages without hereditary burden.
The control group consisted of 50 children whose parents were not related and had no hereditary burden of mental illness. The group was selected based on a 10% representative sample by random numbers
The results of the study. Mental disorders were noted in all children in the form of mental retardation, the presence of convulsive seizures, affective disorders, behavioral pathology, signs of organic brain damage, expressed in neurological deficits of varying severity
When examining children in thematic group I patients with related marriages and hereditary burden, the following mental disorders were identified: mental retardation of varying severity occupies the largest percentage - 52%, the second most common pathology is epilepsy and non-epileptic seizures - 19%, behavioral disorders were observed in 15% of cases, children with organic lesion CNS accounted for 14% of cases.
The mental disorders of the patients of the second group differed from the first group by the prevalence of convulsive syndromes and epilepsy (46%), as well as organic brain damage (28%), mental retardation (16%) and behavioral pathology (10%) in the 3rd and 4th places, respectively.
When examining children of the control group, the following mental disorders were revealed: mental retardation (PD) -40%, minimal brain dysfunction (MMD)-36%, mental retardation-3%, convulsive syndromes and epilepsy-9%, behavioral disorders-2%, organic damage to the central nervous system-10%.
In the examination of children of the control group, the leading positions are occupied by ZPR (38%) and MMD (36%). In second place are organic brain lesions (10%) and epilepsy (10%). The lowest percentage is occupied by mental retardation (4%) and behavioral pathology (2%). It should be particularly noted that the children of the I and the second groups of nosologies MMD and ZPR.
Thus, in children born in closely related marriages with hereditary burden, mental retardation is most common. Epileptic syndrome leads in children born from closely related marriages without hereditary pathology, often against the background of organic damage to the central nervous system. In children born out of closely related marriages and without hereditary burden, minimal brain dysfunction and mental retardation prevail.
Conclusion. Despite a number of positive social and economic aspects of related marriages, from the point of view of genetics and medicine, the negative impact of consanguineous marriages, consisting in an increased genetic risk to offspring and a high incidence of congenital pathology in newborns, should be taken into account. An assessment of the socio-demographic aspects of closely related marriages shows that their wider spread is in many cases due to poor economic situation, lack of education and low level of social security.
References:
1. Panakhian V.M. System of prevention and early detection of congenital malformations and hereditary diseases in otorhinolaryngology // Journal of ear, nasal and throat diseases. 2008. No. 6. pp. 32-36.
2.Kholmatov I.B., Ochilzoda A.A. Hearing loss on the basis of related marriage as a factor of hereditary disease (literature review) // Bulletin of the I.K. Akhunbayev KSMU. 2014. No. 3 (Appendix 1). pp. 21-27.
3.Islam M.M. The influence of consanguineous marriages on reproductive behavior, adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring mortality in Oman // Annals of Human Biology. 2013. Volume 40, No. 3. pp. 243-255. 4. Nuri N.S., Nuri N. H., Tirgar S. et al. Consanguineous marriages in the centers of genetic counseling in Isfahan and ethical problems of clinical consultations // Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine. 2017. Volume 10. pp. 1-10.
