CC BY
17B-O-11
BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS
Assessment of the forces of paired erythrocytes aggregation by the optical tweezers in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Fabrichnova A.A.1*, Koshelev V.B.1, Misnikova I.V.3, Kovaleva Y.A.3, Semenov A.N.4, Lugovtsov A.E.2,
Kadanova I.M.2, Neznanov A.I.2, Priezzhev A.V.2
1Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, 2Faculty of Physics and 4Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Moscow Regional Research Institute of Clinical Institute named M.F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia
Biophotonics offers new modalities that can be efficiently implicated into both fundamental medical research and clinical applications. One of such techniques is laser tweezers that were used in this work dedicated to the study of alteration in individual erythrocyte interaction by measuring the forces of their reversible aggregation.
The complex of metabolic alterations in diabetes mellitus usually leads to disturbance of the rheological properties of the blood. Pathological aggregation, unequal distribution of erythrocytes over microvascular networks, leads to a decrease in blood flow velocity, spreads the zones of local hypoxia [1]. Normally, in whole blood, erythrocytes exist in dynamic equilibrium, spontaneously aggregating and disaggregating under the action of shear stresses.
Previous studies of the ability of erythrocytes to aggregate in diabetes mellitus mainly took into account only the average ability of erythrocytes to aggregate and were carried out on large ensembles of cells in whole blood samples [2-4].
The aim of this investigation was to measure and compare the aggregation and disaggregation forces of individual erythrocytes during the formation or breakdown of a paired aggregate in vitro in the blood of patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the optical tweezers method [5].
A total of 50 people were included in the study. Of these, 10 people suffering from T1DM (aged 28 ± 15.8), 26 people with suffering from T2DM (aged 66 ± 13). The control group consisted of 14 apparently healthy volunteers (46 ± 21 years old). Measurements of the forces of interaction of erythrocytes were carried out in vitro by the method of two-channel optical tweezers. The force of aggregation of erythrocytes FA (pN) and the force of disaggregation FD (pN) were measured and their ratio FD / FA was calculated.
The erythrocyte aggregation forces did not differ significantly from the control group in the T1DM group. However, the forces of disaggregation in the T1DM group were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0,05). The ratio of the forces of disaggregation to the forces of aggregation was lower in the T1DM group compared to the control group (p<0.005). In T2DM group, erythrocyte aggregation forces were higher compared to the control group (p<0.005). The erythrocyte disaggregation forces in the T2DM group were also higher (p=0.05). The ratios of the forces of disaggre-gation to the forces of aggregation of erythrocytes in T2DM group were significantly lower than in the control group (p <0.005). At the same time, the ratios of the forces of disaggregation to the forces of aggregation in T1DM group and T2DM group did not differ.
Thus, both T1DM group and T2DM group are characterized by hyperaggregation of erythrocytes. However, given the obtained data, it can be assumed that the mechanisms of such hyperaggregation are different.
This work was supported by RSF grant № 22-15-00120.
[1] Young I.Ch. et al., Hemorheological disorders in diabetes mellitus, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 2(6), pp. 24-8 (2006).
[2] Singh M., Shin S., Changes in erythrocyte aggregation and deformability in diabetes mellitus: A brief review, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 47(1), pp. 7-15. (2009).
[3] Babu N., Singh M., Influence of hyperglycemia on aggregation, deformability and shape parameters of erythrocytes, Clin Hemorheol Microcirc., 31(4), pp. 273-80, (2004).
[4] Maslianitsyna, A., Ermolinskiy, P., Lugovtsov, A., Pigurenko, A., Sasonko, M., Gurfinkel, Y.,Priezzhev, A. Multimodal Diagnostics of Microrheologic Alterations in Blood of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetic Patients. Diagnostics 11, 76 (2021). https:// doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010076.
[5] Fabrichnova A.A., Koshelev V.B., Misnikova I.V., Kovaleva Y.A., Semenov A.N., Lugovtsov A.E., Kadanova I.M., Neznanov A.I., Priezzhev A.V. Assessment of the forces of pair interaction of erythrocytes during their aggregation by the optical tweezers in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regional Blood Circulation and Microcirculation 20(1):77-83 (2021). (In Russ.) https://doi. org/10.24884/1682-6655-2021-20-1-77-83.
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