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Assessment of risk factors for cardiovascular disease Avezova G.1, Akhmedova D.2 (Republic of Uzbekistan) Оценка факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний Авезова Г. С.1, Ахмедова Д. Ш.2 (Республика Узбекистан)
'Авезова Гулшод Саттаровна / Avezova Gulshod - старший преподаватель, Сергелинский медицинский колледж;
2Ахмедова Дурдона Шакировна /Akhmedova Durdona — ассистент, кафедра народной медицины, реабилитологии и физического воспитания, Ташкентская медицинская академия, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Abstract: the main cardiovascular risk factors in young people are leading factors, such as hereditary abnormalities, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress, adverse psychological climate in the family, poor and insufficient sleep, various addictions, such as smoking, frequent consumption alcohol and carbonated sugary drinks. Even though patients with CVDs know about the risk factors that lead to the development and worsening of their disease, but still most of them continue to smoke and consume alcohol and carbonated sugary drinks, do not engage in physical activity and had a sedentary lifestyle.
Аннотация: основные факторы сердечно-сосудистого риска у молодых людей являются ведущими факторами, такими как наследственные аномалии, ожирение, малоподвижный образ жизни, стресс, неблагоприятный психологический климат в семье, плохой и недостаточный сон, различные пристрастия, такие как курение, частое употребление алкоголя и газированных сладких напитков. Даже если пациенты с ССЗ знают о факторах риска, которые приводят к развитию и ухудшению их болезни, до сих пор большинство из них продолжают курить и употреблять алкоголь и газированные сладкие напитки, не занимаются физической активностью и ведут малоподвижный образ жизни.
Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, risk factors, young people.
Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, ишемическая болезнь сердца, факторы риска, молодых людей.
Despite the continuous improvement of diagnosis and treatment of cardiac patients, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the most urgent health problem in most countries in the XXI century, claiming 17.5 million lives each year. One of the most urgent and difficult problems of health practices currently are incipient unfavorable tendency to "rejuvenation" of coronary heart disease and significantly grown the incidence and mortality of young people of working age [1, p.1421]. When carrying out a number of countries of long-term epidemiological observations revealed a close correlation between the spread of CVDs and certain external and internal environment factors, which are called "risk factors" [2, 3].
Objective. To study the risk factors for CVDs in people aged 18-30 years, and to develop evidence-based recommendations for reduction of prevalence of CVDs.
Material and methods. The material of the study is based on survey data of 120 patients (study group) aged18-30 years, with coronary heart disease (in particular with angina pectoris), who appealed to the outpatient clinics of Tashkent. For comparing and identify the main risk factors of CVDs for the study were taken 160 healthy respondents (control group) of the same age.
For the survey we used different methods, such as anamnestic, socio-hygienic, medical-statistical and analytical methods.
Results. In the experimental group besides angina pectoris and almost every fourth patient (26.7 %) had the background disease, such as arterial hypertension II and essential hypertension II, 6 patients (5 %) had diabetes mellitus type 1, 6 patients (5 %) were obese, 4 patients (3.33 %) had myocarditis and 2 patients (1.7 %) had paroxysmal tachycardia.
The survey showed that 80 % of respondents of experimental group have close relatives, who suffered from CVDs and in control group this kind of respondents was almost lower by 2.5 times (31.25 %).
It was found that more than half of respondents (56.7 %) of the experimental group are overweight, and 6 patients (5 %) suffer from Obese Class I (Moderately obese). In control group were overweight 18.75 % of respondents and absent respondents with obesity.
The survey showed that more than half of the respondents of experimental group (55 %) do not engage in physical activity at all. Just 5 % of respondents engaged regularly in physical activity. Engage in physical activity sometimes 40 % of respondents. In contrast to the main group in control group, one in five respondents (20 %) regularly engaged in physical activity, 62.5 % of respondents are engaged sometimes and the rest (17.5 %) do not engage at all.
72 % of men-respondents in experimental group are smokers, as opposed to 25,7 % in control group. The amount of women-smokers was much less: in experimental group 5,7 % women are smokers, while absent smoker women in control group. In the analysis of the data revealed that 40% of respondents of experimental group consume alcohol in contrast to respondents of control group almost less by 2 times (22.5 %). It turned out that almost half of respondents (43.6 %) of the main group consume carbonated sugary drinks every day, while in control group, the proportion of respondents (13.5 %) was almost less by 3 times.
Every third respondent (35 %) of experimental group have "favorable" psychological atmosphere in the family, more than half (53.4 %) "satisfactory" and almost one in ten (11.6 %)"bad". In control group, 88.75 % of respondents have "favorable", while the remaining part (11.25%) - "satisfactory" and no one "bad". On the question: "Have you a lot of stress in your life?" 63.3 % of respondents from the experimental group answered "yes", 26.7 % -"sometimes" and 5 % answered "no". In the control group, the distribution of responses developed quite differently. Not surprising, the fact that 35 % of respondents from control group answered "no", a significant number of respondents answered "sometimes" (43.75 %) and almost one in five respondents said "yes" (21.25 %).Analysis showed that almost half of respondents (45 %) of experimental group have sleep "bad", as opposed 10 % of respondents in control group. A "good" sleep have the largest number of respondents in control group (47.5 %) and the most smallest amount of respondents in experimental group (16.7 %). To the question "How many hours a day do you sleep?", More than half of respondents (55 %) of experimental group answered "5-6 hours", 21.7 % - "7-8 hours", 20 % - "4 hours" and only 8 % sleep "9 hours and more." The results of the calculation in the control group developed a little differently: almost half of the respondents (48.75 %) sleep "7-8 hours", 41.25 % - "5-6 hours", 5 % - "9 hours and more" and 5 % - "to 4 hours".
Analysis of patient awareness of the main cardiovascular risk factors showed, that more than half of patients (65 %) listed factors such as hereditary abnormalities, various addictions (smoking, alcohol consumption), sedentary lifestyle, stress and poor diet. The above appears to be the result of insufficient activity of health workers in matters of hygiene education and public awareness of a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions
1. The main cardiovascular risk factors in young people are leading factors, such as hereditary abnormalities, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress, adverse psychological climate in the family, poor and insufficient sleep, various addictions, such as smoking, frequent consumption alcohol and carbonated sugary drinks. Even though patients with CVDs know about the risk factors that lead to the development and worsening of their disease, but still most of them continue to smoke and consume alcohol and carbonated sugary drinks, do not engage in physical activity and had a sedentary lifestyle.
2. To achieve the reduction of morbidity and mortality from CVDs, the main attention should be focused on a primary and secondary prevention of this group of diseases especially among young people. And also increase the activity of health workers in matters of hygiene education and public awareness of a healthy lifestyle.
References
1. Guillot F., Moulard O. Epidemiological estimates of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction // Circulation. 1998. Vol. 98(1). 1421 p.
2. World Health Organization. Noncommunicable disease; WHO Global Report. World Health Organization, 2015.
3. World Health Organization. Preventing chronic diseases a vital investment. WHO Global Report. World Health Organization, 2013.
