CC BY
1Artificial monochromatic red light induces the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acids in calli of Cynara cardunculus
O.A. Tikhonova1, S.A. Silantieva2, V.P. Grigorchuk2, E.P. Subbotin1, Y.N. Kulchin1, G.N. Veremeichik2*
1-Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
(IACP FEB RAS), 5 Radio sir., Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
2- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
The stability of cell cultures is an important open question. It is believed that with long-term cultivation, the ability of calli to produce high levels of secondary metabolites is reduced [1]. In the present work, we compared the growth and biosynthetic characteristics of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC (Asteraceae) callus cultures obtained in 2014 and the characteristics of the same culture after 10 years of cultivation. This callus culture produced caffeoylquinic acids, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid [2]. Caffeoylquinic acids are one of the most power antioxidant and have a lot of pharmacological properties. In the present work, we found that after this period, the biosynthesis of caffeoylquinic acids decreased more than 10 times. The use of LED light is becoming a new way to grow plants and activate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites [3]. In the present work, we investigated the effect of monochromatic red artificial light of low, moderate, and high intensity (100, 300, and 600 ^mol m-2s-1) on the biosynthesis of caffeoylquinic acids in a long-term cultured cell line of C. cardunculus. It is important to note that in our case, we examined not only the activation of secondary metabolism but also the possibility of overcoming the blockage of secondary metabolism, which apparently occurs in calli during long-term cultivation. Normal (100 ^mol m-2s-1), moderate (300 ^mol m-2s-1) and high (600 ^mol m-2s-1) intensities of red light had no negative effect on the growth of calli. Moreover, growth of calli under low red light was significantly better (Fig.1). Treatment with normal (100 ^mol m-2s-1) intensities of red light strongly activated caffeoylquinic acid biosynthesis. Cultivation under moderate and high red light intensity have no any effect on biosynthesis.
Fig.1. Growth chambers (a) and impact of artificial lighting on productivity (mg/L) of 30-day-old C. cardunculus calli: Production of caffeoylquinic acids in 12-year-old C. cardunculus callus cultures grown under red lighting conditions. Morphology (b) of a 10-year-old C. cardunculus callus culture grown under red light. Productivity (mg/l medium) of caffeoylquinic acids (c) in M. maritima callus cultures grown under red lighting conditions. The data obtained from three independent experiments with ten biological replicates are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean, and asterisks above the error bars indicate statistically significant differences (ANOVA, p <0.05).
Funding: The research was carried out within the state assignment of IACP FEB RAS (Theme FWFW-2024-0004).
[1] L. Liu, X. Fan, J. Zhang, M. Yan, M. Bao, Long-term cultured callus and the effect factor of high-frequency plantlet regeneration and somatic embryogenesis maintenance in Zoysia japonica, In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 45 673-680 (2009).
[2] Y.V. Vereshchagina, V.P. Bulgakov, V.P. Grigorchuk, V.G. Rybin, G.N. Veremeichik, G.K. Tchernoded, T.Y. Gorpenchenko, O.G. Koren, N.H. Phan, N.T. Minh, L.T. Chau, Y.N. Zhuravlev, The rolC gene increases caffeoylquinic acid production in transformed artichoke cells, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 98(18):7773-80 (2014).
[3] G.N. Veremeichik, V.P. Grigorchuk, D.S. Makhazen, E.P. Subbotin, A.S. Kholin, N.I. Subbotina, D.V. Bulgakov, Y.N. Kulchin, V.P. Bulgakov, High production of flavonols and anthocyanins in Eruca sativa (Mill) Thell plants at high artificial LED light intensities, Food Chem. 408 (2023).
