CC BY
29Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjauj^ t ^Y iAj^iljjVI t"i1i nlj^Sl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ PHILOLOGY
УДК 811.411.21
J^YlJlUl Original Paper Оригинальная статья
ДдИ1 Д^Ы jil
^jll .w .J
Jj*ui
reima.al.jarf@gmail. com
Поступила в редакцию: Received: June 28, 2020 28 июня 2020 г. Reviewed: July 21, 2020
Одобрена рецензентами: Accepted: July 30, 2020 21 июля 2020 г. Принята к публикации: 30 июля 2020 г.
jjjj ТЛ jJ ^.Ули/У l j
r*r*
r) J jll r
Г* jj jd Jjll j r'r' jljj
^jjjjVl ojjjj.a1| Ajxäjll Ajjj*]| ^Ix^ll j' ^ll Aulj^ll o^Ä '
Ajjilll ^ijj^ju ^^j tl^j^ij Jll ^l^ji^llj ^i^j^aiij jijaii j^cj tl^cljjl
JJjjj jll O^J^Jl ^ijjiaii Igjljj^lj l^JJ^lj^ ^^j tAj^j Ojj^aJ jl| Aj^lxllj
tA^ljxll tAJjS^a^ Jjj tA^a^^a^ll tAjJJ*Sll tAj^ljSjAJjll) ^cVl ^jluj J
tj^cl t
t4.pAl*j tAjJjajc ^jus t^i^I^ll ^jjjljjjll t^jjjljjjll ', J ^ijjiaii 1 g * ''a' jll ^^^j t(jjjl*^ t^lj^Jul tAjcU^all t^luijl
^ ^ ИХ tAju|jjVl Ajjj*1l CiUj^ll .Ailll AJJI^I Aj^ajll Ajjj*1l ^.UJl .w.J ^j^ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
Y»Y» jjauj^ t ^Y iAj^iljjVI AJJJASI HIJ^SI
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
aaisi ajjuj
^Iaasi jac (^л JJJ^J jj^l ^.Ij Jl^-л A^a^a^J^llj ^¡л JJJ^Sl ^jl^j* V Ajxijll ajjjasi ^iaasi jl ^Jjj'j .'l^a^a^lSl ^л acja^^ ^i 'iaisi
jl US .'ГдУ^Л £jj jjaj Vj ALl^ jU* ^ Vj sjjjasi 'Uik^S^ 'bjiJl
jjJj ^jiaais ^J^ jjJ 'lil^l ''"^ljU ^A^j* ajjj^sij ajjijjsi ajasj]! ajjjasi ^Iaasi
.^ши ^ jjjj ^b^
Jl J^ksSl jSJVI tAj^aj]| ^UJl tAjjjA]| ^UJl ^ttbll ^U&ll
A л t^JjAlSl t , ^ л a л a л t^jA^I jl^S tAjA^A
tAjjjA]| ^Iaasi SjAlSSlj ajjja]| aaisi ^^ л a л t^iL
ajjja]| 'l^ljjil .aaisi A-pul AjAij]| ajjja]| ^UJl .)y»y») .^.j
. ^^ ^^ ИХ tAj^ljjVI
ARABIC DIGITAL DICTIONARIES
R.S. Al-Jarf King Saud University reima.al.jarf@gmail. com
Abstract
The study searched for the Arabic digital dictionaries that are available on the Internet to identify their types, total number of entries in each, types of words covered, whether they keep abreast of daily linguistic; scientific and lexicographic advancements; whether they cover new words and derivatives that are commonly used by the media such as (democracy, pluralism, privatization, military convoy, matrix, globalization, Uranium enrichment, depleted Uranium, cluster bombs, confederation, lexicography, linguistics, media reporter, live transmission, artificial limbs, foreseeing, criteria); adequacy of the range of meanings given, the type of content included in the entries; accuracy of the equivalents given to some new terminology and their shortcomings. Results showed that bilingual digital dictionaries whether general or specialized in one discipline available on the Internet surpass monolingual Arabic-Arabic digital dictionaries and multilingual specialized digital dictionaries in number and area of specialization. Content analysis also
.iY-H ^ ^ ИХ tAj^ljjVI AjjjaJl 'UJ^SI .AilSl 4-pU.i Aj^ajSl AjjJl ^.UJl (Y.Y>) .^.J j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 Y»Y» jja^jj t И tA^ljjVI A^JASI 'I^IJJH
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
revealed in adequate coverage of words and new terms, provide few meanings only, and do not provide the part of speech of the different derivatives given. New and traditional Arabic-Arabic dictionaries provide users with derivatives only without explaining their meanings, without giving an illustrative example to show how it is used and without providing the context in which each derivative is used. Keywords: Arabic digital dictionaries, Arabic-Arabic dictionaries, Arabic specialized dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, monolingual dictionaries, Arabic entries, Arabic dictionary coverage, breadth of coverage
For citation: Al-Jarf, R.S. (2020). Arabic digital dictionaries. Eurasian Arabic Studies, 12, 16-42. (In Arabic)
ОДНОЯЗЫЧНЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ СЛОВАРИ АРАБСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Р.С. Алъ-Джарф Университет им. Короля Сауда reima. al.jarf@gmail. com
Аннотация
В ходе исследования был проведен анализ арабских электронных словарей, находящихся в доступе в интернете с целью определить их тип, общее количество записей в каждом из них, типы охватываемых слов; отражены ли в них современные лингвистические; научные и лексикографические достижениями; охватывают ли они новые слова и их производные, которые обычно используются СМИ, такие как демократия, плюрализм, приватизация, военный конвой, матрица, глобализация, обогащение урана, обедненный уран, кассетные бомбы, конфедерация, лексикография, лингвистика, репортер СМИ, прямая трансляция, искусственные конечности, предвидение, критерии; адекватность диапазона приведенных значений, типа содержания, включенного в записи; точность приведенных эквивалентов некоторым новым терминам и их недостатки. Результаты показали, что двуязычные электронные словари, будь то общие или специализированные по одной дисциплине, превосходят одноязычные арабо-арабские цифровые словари и многоязычные специализированные цифровые словари по количеству и области специализации. Контент-анализ также выявил слова и новые термины, дающие лишь несколько значений и не дающие части речи различных данных
.£Y->1 ^ ^ ИХ tAj^ljjVI AJJJAJ| 'UJ^SI .AAISI 4-pU.i Aj^ajSl AJJJ«JI ^U^Sl (Y>Y>) .^.J j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjauj^ t ^Y tAj^iljjV! AJJJASI nlj^Sl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
производных. Новые и традиционные арабо-арабские словари предоставляют пользователям только производные, в них не приводятся значения слов, отсуствует наглядный пример, который показывет употребление слова в контексте.
Ключевые слова: арабские цифровые словари, арабско-арабские словари, арабские специализированные словари, двуязычные словари, одноязычные словари, арабские записи, охват арабского словаря, широта охвата
Для цитирования: Аль-Джарф Р.С. Одноязычные электронные словари арабского языка // Арабистика Евразии. 2020. № 12. С. 16-42. (на арабском языке)
j^alaj Vj .'"'1.;^'^Sl ^ic ^^Lyij ^J^JSIJ t a^—Si o^ljaj A^jjil ljli^ ^UJJJVI '"" ".;S Jj .'IA^UJIJ ^iJI^ASIJ ¿Slj^ pl^jjj Aj^ai^ ¿^j ^ic I^AI^JUII
j^j'j Ajjjjjill 'Ijj^j 'Uji*^ JcljSj Aj^ljJil 'l.ii^ ^lj^a .Aj^il^il '¿Ы
'----¿j^j 'IAUI ¿j^ ^i j^lj^ ^ljAj .AjjjjJill ^J^j ^jjjJill
MacMillan, Collins Ajjji^jVI A*ill ^j^Ij .^IjpVIj jUcVI ¿¿^lj ^Lil ji^j* ¿Slj* Cobuild, Heinle, Webster, Longman, Oxford, Cambridge ... jl ySl USl jli^lj ^j^Ij .Alj^ij j^j Jij AJSl^Sl ^-ic 'UHll ^Ij^J^I j^
¿Sj^ ^jJ^J Л .iii J^lj j^ '¿^JAJ^ 'IALJ ^IA^SI j^ jjj^ ^^C
.j^ij ¿Sj* ^i A^K 7,563,81 Uj W*^ 931 ^ic ^OneLook Dictionary ^J'".. U J^ Ail^lj l&jjj^jj l g*. w** Aji^c O^A ^ic j^VI ^IjJJ ^Jll
.Jjlj Vjl ^ll ' •• A^lc 'bji^ j^
j^ jj^il Aj^jjll ¿b^Sl j^ Ajc pljAj^VI ji^.. V ^jjJjVlj ^^l^ll jl
LUijVI ^IjS Jjjj^ ljj*j" ^ic Jj—.SI ^jL 'jj*J* t^i^illj jaSkJl
^LAASI ^ic JUJI ¿.^¿¿j tjylJj ^i AjjjjJilVI Ll^ijVI pljSj
Q .oil jJ ^i Ajjii^Sl
AjajjJl AjJjjJjVlj AjjjjJilVI ¡"^.и tj^l^ll ^¿jll ^ii .AjSjjJl
%70 jl (Li LAn, 2005 jV J '^j ^ .^^Sl j^Wll e-dictionaries AjjjjJilVI ^jjA ^i Polytechnic University
AjJijiiVI A^'"jSl lj^^^j* Jli^VI j^^l jlj .uSl Ajajjll *^Sl jj£|
.Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary ^^aJ^ll ^j^li j^
^ ^ tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*Jl 'Uj^ll .AilSl Aj^ajSl Ajjj*Sl ^.UJl .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
^iljlgxllj p^xVlj o^ljall ^lc ^j'j^a jj"—''j jj'l^ll l^jj ^i^kll * xll jk*j.j
.Beech (2004) AxUll Ajjj^ll
^iljjkll Ajj ^jI^uj j^ac j A - Alj^uj Acj^J 1 w'' AjjlSxb ^jjJjVl A — * x jjxJj'j ^jk ^jjjjVl x Jl ^ •• 4—\k jx ^''"U 1x Ail—l jlxjj tAiu—ll Aj—jljjSJllj Ajxl*ll
^U^ll jlxjj .(Storrer & Freese, 1996) Ajajjll a—*xll Jl l^Jil^l jx jjilj ^jul jUxx uj ^jjjj^i jl ix£ .Geisler (1999) OJjJ— JaIjx Ail—l j ^IguVb jjxJia^ixll .(Carr, 1997j^) Ц-cl—jJulj a—-*xll jl*x jx u jjjÄJl
Jljilj ^j£ljxj ^ilxUixj '" jx Ajjj*ll Ailllj jjxJ^xll ^^j^ t^ililll jx Ujj*£j
(^lilll OjJ*Jxj Ailll Ajjljjj Ailll AjjUI) A^a—^Jxllj Axlxll Ajjjxll a — * xll ^alj^ pl^jl Jc Ailll Ajjljj a—1*xj tJ^lj ^ jj Ailll Ajjljjll a—1*xll jx jjj^ JJc ^U^i .^jjjjVl Jc
Ajjjxll Ailll a— * * Jix J^lj £2jx j '"'1 jx Ijjc ^ililll oJJxjxj
t^ijixll ^jl*llj Ailaillj AjjjJll Ajjj*ll AxUdxll ^jUll yjj.j*jll ^j^jj' ', "lx a— * ^j tojAlalb jjcj tAjjaJllj ^jl*ll jj.j*ll Jjc Ml^ll Ajjj^l ^jUll (a^j) ^l^lk^^ll JVl Mjjllj
jl |ja.lj ^Jaj' jll bjLub Ajjljjj -vj f lj^^ll ASj^llj j^-^ Jix ^aljxll jx Ij— Jjla
AiiJ—ll 0 A^jJall Ailll AjjI^J Aj^ajll Ajj «ll л—лЛ / v j^ jjl*^ a^J jj^j Ajjjc-Ajjjc a— * ^ ^ll — j ij^jl Ijj^^ ^l jjjjiSll JaJ*.. Ja
Ajjj*ll Ailllj jjaLlj Ijjljjl ^j^j .Ajjj*ll Ailllj jja^lj ^^jV tA^a^a^J^j A^lc Ajjjc ^ijji^ Aja ^äjJj' j^ac ji Ijjlj tAj^jjll ji * ^ll ^ij^jui ^lj A—l—j lj^jl A^jl jj*j. V
lAAj^jjillj Ajjjl^jyi Ailll frljjl J lilxl .Jpajl ^|jjiAllj ^i^ij^j^vi
jj^^j Jjluj jjkj ^^a ?Ajjj*ll pldjl A—U—j Vj ^ij^jui ^lj ^lilll jx
A^l*ll ^ijjsaii ji Icjl^Jx Ijaj Ajjj*ll Ailll J^^j' A^a^a^J^llj ajjij^vi Ajjl^all ^ijjall
•¿JjJ^ll ^1gJnirtllj
Aj^IjII I^jj—I Ajc^kJul AuljJ jia .Aj*xl^llj Ajjjlill jjJl^j^ll ^^^ A^alA ^j*ll ^^kll Jj*u Ml^ll A^—jJllj ^lilll AjlSj JjVl ^jj^aiij AjlÜ 187 jx AjjSx Ajjc ^lc
AjAli^llj ^1—lk^rtll A^i ^i Ajj*—
j^—ljJ. ^Ijllkll
jl AuljJll ^jUj ^j^^l
ll ^Sjll ^i AilJ^^ll Ajjl—ill ^ljjall l^jjj' ^Jll jIjaVI JJjJj ^Jll j^llj
t^lj^Jul tAj^jjljJul tAjjkall ajji^vi tJljuVl :Jix
<5 ••
tAjjüVl Aj.JJ*j1| tAj.JAl*j' AljJ t^^j^a^j' tajjjljjjll yj^^j t^ljl^ljjll t
t^jS^C Jj'j tAjLljfljxjJll tA^a^^a^ll tjj^jll jlj—ll tjl^jyi tAjulxjljJll Ajl^a—ll
tAjjljjll ^ll^^ll tAjj^—jlll t^ljxjall tAjjjajc Jjlda t^ljxVl tA^lj*ll
tjjjl*x tAiji^ax t^ljjll ^l^x t^jxxll ^l^x t^jj^ll ^l^x tAxVl ^l^x tAjJJ*jll ^jll ^Icj—jxll jc Jjjxll Aij*x ^i jjcjJj .y^adxll Ajjjljjjll tjjjjljll tAjx^*
xll
^ ^ tAju|jjVl Ajjj*ll ^l^ljJll .Ailll AjjI^.] AjäSjII Ajjj*ll a—.1*^! .w.j j^ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjA^Lp t iAj^lljjVI A^JASI 'bljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
jc jl^Uiij .^JjjjVI jUJtflj jjljll ti^j tj^ljjjllj ji^jjjll Jj* j^A*.^!* ^ic ^jJJ Jjj* ^J lgJlj lg^g^ 'l^ji^ll оЛД Jj* ^Jl** jc ^i jAJcl^ii * * ^j-^j
.A^jjUSlj au^jj^si jjJi^j^iS Aj^lj^ll 'IjjS^Sl
l^lj^tl iA
^ic ^JAJU ^jjJjVI A<u« ^ic SjijJ^ll AJASJJI AJJJASI * *Sl j—^ A^iljjSl оЛД ' «^gJ A-ijiill 'IjjUJiS l g''.<lj* tlg-jUiJ 'l^jiAllj '' aJwi^Slj ^ijasi ^Jcj tlg-cljJl
^jJJ йJJ.J^]| 'bjiAll ^ic lg-jljJ^lj lg-!£lj* tA^^ ¿jj —j wimJ AJAIAJIJ
tl^i^lj^ '..j'i^ *j 'bjiAil l g * ^a* ^jIaaSI Ali£ t^^cVI Jjl^j ^i
jc jl A^iljjSl .AipaJl Ajjj^VI 'laJL—Jl l^^Jaj '^iaJl Ai^
:aj]u]| 'Vjl^JSl
A * Ajjjc * * ^ljA JAj ^jjJjVI Ai.u^ ^ic SjijjAll AjaSjJI AjjjaJI ^.IaaSI l* •
Vl^jUiJ ^ill l* ф
Vl^jUiJ 'bjiAllj 'lai^Allj jijasi ^Jcl* ф ^A^j. "¿jj—J ЛУ'им ^jll ajjjaji 'IjjiAil lgjftlj* ^J*
l* ф
¿jA^ ^i ^juah ¿jA^ ja^u JAj AipaJl '^jaII l g * ^aJ ^jIaaSI A.li£ ^J* l* ф
flilj^Sl
jj^j 'l aJwiA\S jl**j ^Uj j* j^jasi ^i ^JaJ ^ill A^ji]! 'l*ji*All l* ф
j* ^j»* J£ Aji ».. ^Л]| Jl^—Si j| qj£jj ^lj^j ^ jA AS1 ^^hjJ ja^j Aj^j—jJ
?OjjiA]| ^jl*A
iAipaJl Ajjj^VI All lg*^ ^Jll ajjjaji Ai^ ^j* l* ф
Vlgji j^ijasi Aa^jL l* ф ^itj^t l^^Al
AJ.J*i]| 'l^l^ll AjAijll Ajjj*]| ¿ilj* ^ic jjAjlai] jjjJ jl A^ljjll оЛд Jjl^J
^^UJI 'l^l^l 'liill
'¿JJ*JAJ Aiill Ajjljjj Aiill ajasjji ajjjaji ^^.iaasi aj£ij*
tAjAijll ajjjasi * asi ^i jj—aSi ^g] jjjJj tAJuJaJ! 'ijjU'iSj
'l ——4'Slj t^lj^Jlj Aij*Vlj ^UjSl Jj* J^IJASI lgiil^l jiA. 'lAJiAA]|J 'l^jiAll j—^ ^i ¿SIJASI оЛд Acj^ .А*1А]| A^jiS! ^^.IAASI IgjUiJ jl ^»jj.
^i ^Al^J ^^USl Jjljj* ^i lg*—jj lgjJ.34j*J lgJJ.JJj*J lg—Jj AJJ.J^]| —
Jjg ' "Jj tA jj'i asij acja^asi sjiasi ^j'^ * ^gi ^ic ^gJjji jj^^Jj AJ.J*i]| AjAjJ
.l g *l lgAgij lgjJl Jj^jJl ajiac
^ ^ tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! 'l^ljjSl .AiiSl AjAajll Ajjj*Sl ^^.l*^]! .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 jix, njj t ^Y tAj^iljjVI Ajjjxll ^bljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
^¡lil J l^j'^jlax jl l^jlij^xjj ^¡bjixll jx Axl! Ajlj Wikipedia jx ^ijc
l^jjlj'j A x\<\l ^lsJuixj Ajj^j ^ilxjl*xj jc ^ilxjl*x ^ ¿*'' * xSl jx jj^j .^j^l
jjjx^*x j|jcl jlc Ajajj tl^xlj^j^l Aajj^ ^^bjj Allxlj lAli*x ^^ajj ^ilxj^ijj
lx£ ^lilll ¿jj*Jxj Ailll AjjIjjj Ailll AjjUl Jl ^U^l ji A' ""'l ' '¿jj*Jx A^I * xj t'ijj^^x x l^jxj A' Axlc
JUx
.jJ*x ^^jil ^ jx Sjjj^x Acjx^x jLij 1 < — * jj tAjLU\l
^Vl J^U J Ajjjjjill * x Jl AjlVI * xll A' "°'''j .Ajllj Ajijj * x Jl * xll A^ajj'j jl Jjx^xll Jc 1 3 Ijx^j j$xJ A^xJx Jc * xj tAj^il^ll AJVI ajuj '¿jji^
Gilles- a^J .^jjJj^l a£jUj Jl^aj'VI l^xlj^j^l l
^jjjjl * xj
(1) AJ^J Jl AjjjjjUvi A^l*xll a^ Maurice de Schryver (2003)
pop-up ^jjJJVI Jc (2) jJJVI Jc ^Uljj jclj! J Ajj^xJl ^jjJjVI
J lAli*x j^ji lAija.1 Jc ^l^Jl ajli jjjxJ j^xj ^lxKll jx Axl! ^Laj dictionaries
jjj ujix!l Jc l^xlj^J^lj ^^ajaJl Jc * x!l оЛА Jjx^J j£xJj .£jjx
A^xjx jx l^ijx^j j^xj Jll LJ^X]! LJ^IJ^ A^I*x (3) jjjVlj Jl''Vi ^Jl A^l^Jl
^xlij .^j jjjVlj x ^^ljJl jj£j jl jjj l^ji ^^jJlj l^xlj^J^I j£xjj ^jjjjVI jx jl
l^xlj^J^I j$xj * x (l) ^l^^l Aj^j ^Jl ^jjJjVI * x AJ^aJj (ND) Nesi Jljj' V jl j^jl! ^ja^ jjjljaJ a*. * xj t^ljJUVI jc ^jjJjVI
^jjl^x jc ajljc fc) l^xlj^J^I jj^x^ ¿jkJ^j A^jJix ^Aj Alxj^x jj^ ¿jjl^x
.l^jJl Ail—'Vlj jjxj^J^xll Ajaj. ^j^UJl jj^ ^i Ajjjl*j'
Ailll
AjjIjjj Ailll Ajjl^l AxIaII Ajjj*ll ^jjjjVI * x Ajll^ll A^ljjll
^i Ajjj^ll ^Ijj^Jll l^Jj^ljx ^jx ^jajII ^l '¿jc JxJ^uij ^Jll ^lilll
A^Iax lxl .^|jjix jx .WiuM lx A^i ^ll ^^¿ll A^l^l l^Jjjlj' ^Jxj ^|Jjixlljjl^
lL'
.axll
ола jj^x ^^jla liai j^l ^lft j£jj' ^Jll ^lilll
¿Jj*Jxj
Ailll AjjIjj
.A^ljjll
^lc Ajxajll Ajjj*ll a?1 * xll ^jJ^ x Jjl^Jj ^xl! Ajjjc A^ljJ AjI ^lc Aj^ljll jj*J' aS
^lil ^i Sjij2xSl A^l*x]l j'^: l^ji jjS^ljll A1! ^lj^i ^l^ljjSS Aj^jllj
l^ji a1! ^JH de Schryver (2003)jajJjU ^j ^j.jjx-jL^ A^ljj l^ix ^jjJjVI J^ Ajj*x ji .IjSjjil J 2jU«\i ^lilll ^Lij ^Jllj ^jjJjVI a£ju a^Ux]i A^l*xl! j'^:
.iX-^l ^ ^ tAj^ljj'VI Ajjj*ll ^l^ljjll .Ailll Ajjl^j AjxajSl Ajjj*!l .^.j j^H
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 jjA^Lp t ^Y tAj^lljjVI A^jaSI 'bljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
100 ljaJjil vjj- ^jjjaj^Sl ^jc jl qa ^¿jll Jcj .Ail h7 ^kii i^jaii 182
» a1I o^A j| J—jj .^¡jjjjVl Jc Aiill ^^l^l ^aa J^Ij a ^Ua jl VI Aauij jjjiA
bjc jlj t^jlAll J AjAj.i£l ^lui^ijA Igjlcl ¿ja?jj ^li jj tUjal ^jj— J (a? V jj£l l^a'ua ^jc jlj tljjuj ajjj^ lgjl ^jjjj .^jjljVI Jc J ijaaui AijliVI qa
20 lgl U ''' Aji^ljull Aiill » a ^A IaIjAj^iI » 'll jj£I .(ijJ Iaa ^a 9j 'pop-up -it ^jji! oa ^a .LSi lgjA 7j t^jjjl ^—Ua ^a lgjA Ia?*a 165 jl j-jj
^li Jll Safford (2005) A^j lgA ^Okll ^Ua Jc ^l^j The American JliL^l ^a1*1i ^j.javi ^ijjii ^jaii Iaa jjj.jji£i jj*-jA u^ij lgji oa lji*ll ^ji—ll ^¡^kl u—Aa jAj Heritage Children's Science Dictionary" "The American Heritage ^kil ^a1*1I ^j.jaVI ¿¡IjJll 'AjjIjJjVI AI^jaII .AjjlJllj Ak^jjAll jjjI^jaII ^¡^kl u—Aa jAj Student Science Dictionary"
^ilj^ljjllj ^¡kllj \jfllj*?Jlj $AjAj£llj plj^Vlj ^1ill OA — A I A^'lA JaAjj
— Qc ¡''^.il ^i^kllj qiwijjaii ijj—a i'^'a jjjajj . ajjjiij
'¿pljSj ^jjjjVI jI jjj.Ji1all '¿JAI^a sAjjI jl A^ijJaII J ^gijl^aJ jl q£aj. jll Aja1*1|
a1|j t 'a^ —ll
'JljAll Jjj^ J*i .Ajjjjj^lVI ^UAII ^kll ^IJAJ^I Ajij£ Jc ^l^j Oa?*a1 Ajjj^ljVI Aiill ^IjAj^I AljL Jc A^j Winkler (2001) j&j.j
Aiill AL^ijj (—ja£ p.!'?» 'll OJ^A IjaJaj^I ^i^kll jl jl J—ji .A?aJa ^^IjSI Jc '¿jijjA jjc ^ijhai Ja^j lgjV ^^lc (^jA qa jJ^l A?aJa ^^ijsi jic ajjaaii »'ll jlj
j^ajlj .^l^Vlj jJjlAjllj '¿jj^allj ^j^all j^ljc ^ijaj^i jja Ajijjll »'ll ^i '¿jjlij Ajll*i jJ^l jj^ 'l g Aj'—Jj »'ll o^a ^jj^ a jic ^Ijjjij plj^l '¿jjj^j
^jji ^iaj1*a1| qa Sjl^^^l «J^ljlgA ^^ikll vluJ<l '¿jjj^j J^ajl ia£ .^^kil
a?aja1i ^^ijsvi * a l^jaJ*
A^j^llj jA — Qa Aiill Ajpl^l AjAijll Ajjj*ll »'Jl ^jJ^ a Jji^J jic A^ljjll jj^ Ajpl^l AjAijll Ajjj*ll » 'Jl Qa jJ^l jl Ij^Ij ^JaJ* ^Jll ljjl^l^ Ajji^jj A»aI -vj f lj—All
^i Qa l^Jc ^Jll ^liill '¿^Jxjaj Aiill Ajjlju » 'Jlj 'AjjJ^IIj AajjUI Aiill
^lVl ^'.'llj t^j.j*jll ^jujJ A » Aj '¿jAlall^ Ajjj*ll Aiill (A? A » A ^A J^lj (ijA
•lgjA Qc '¿jdj ^ij l^jSj .^l^ik — 'W
AX^IA & f^xA (!)
^ ^ tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! 'UjjSl .AiiSl AjAajll Ajjj*]! ^.UJl .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 jjx^jj t ^Y tAj^ljjVI A^JAJI ^lnljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
^jjuSlj '"'1 aJUxll ^jj'j ' .Al^ljxj Jjjll ^ij*ll jl^il a?* x jljx ¿jx? jlc ^jj^jj ^ll^j .jijjll A?*xll ji '¿jj^jxll AjjjlaJl! AajjLllj l ''? jll lji? J^jx J£ j jaijusij
Aic '^jll jjjj. ^^ll J*all j^? ^jj^ jlJkj jl '^bll ^jLJ^jj .jx^VI jjlSlj '"'1 aJUx\i
jll lji? '¿jji - ^ ^ilxjjx jx j^ilxkll jl jcljjll jl j'^jll J*all ji l^Jjj'jJ
.kai j^lj ^j^ l^ix ji ¿—jj l'? L^^il ^jallilj ujxil jl^i (2)
^jj'j .lx^l^ljxj jjj!jjll kj^.xll ^jxlaSlj ^j*ll jl^l a?* x jljx ¿jx? jlc ^jj^j.
a k ji ajj?jxSl AjjjlaJl! AajjLllj l ''? jll lji? J^jx j jaIjUSIj ^jjuSlj ^laJuxll ¿.¿''"Uj .A?*x J^ l^jlc ^jJ^j jJll jjAjj?jl Aj^lj Axjl! ^jclj A?* x J^S Ajijjll lx£ J^jxSl Jj—laj' Jc J'^ji Axlall j Aic 'ajll jjjj J*ill Jl^j jl
.Ajajjll Ak^Sl ji ^д
vj^ a*1** (3)
jl^il tkj^xll ^jxlall tkj^jl! tkj^xll kj^ x tkj^xll ^д j^lj ¿ajx ji Ajjjc a?1 * x 7 A—'
j£ll ^jx?xllj ^JjxSl a^Ij A?*xll a^I (1) A^j Jjj?ll jjjjj .jiill tjjljll a*?j t^j*Jl jl^kj jj^?llj AXl! J?JJ. Vj .jk — ¿!jx ji ^jjj lx^ A?*x J^S ^lxllSlj ^laSuxllj jljxll
.'^jll Ail^ ji Iajjjj jll Axl<ll Jl^jl '^.ljll ¿jLJ^jj .1^'j: jx
j* (1) ^j Jj^
^l^KJl Jlj^il Jl J^il ^ij^il
810.000 40.000 40.000 1.429 ^jjkJl '¿jl^Uj ^x?Wl Ljjl ♦♦
1.300.000 84.965 11.200 400 jjlJ^dSl ^jLj .* ♦♦
450.000 30.000 7000 250 j'Xj Ajjj*ll Ailll ¿x? x kj^jll
733.000 70.000 11.000 390 ^jljljjjjall ^jxlall ♦♦
4.493.934 158.149 9.393 335 jj^ix jjl
119.176 5.629 142 — 1J jj AjAljjj jjljll A*?j
2.000.000 195.000 30.000 1.071 Aj*ll jjl jjc jiill
.^ ^ ИХ tAj^ljj'VI Ajjj*ll CiUjjll .Ailll Ajjl^j Ajxajll Ajjj*!l a?!*^! .(X«X>) .^.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 jjA^Lp t ^Y tAj^lljjVI A^jaSI 'bljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
j! ¿iaLji ¿jUJ^. J^lj ¿ij* J 'liill ^jaj* — j* ^jais]| ¿ij* л' ia£
ajjiasvij Aj^jjillj A-.jjl^jVlj ajjjaji ^A 'liS J l gjJl» *j 'l^jiAll ^J^l jc Aji
.Aj^jJllj
jljall kliJl * » asi j* 'l cjan * '¿jAlallj ajjjasi Aiill ¿^ * ¿ij* ^Ja..
ajaiaji '-v\u—asi * .^jll^VI *j ajaiaji 'U\u—asi *j t^jiS!
l——4J 31 J aji^ji Лл* ¿a^asi lg*—j jll ajjjaji lgj^jlsAj A-ijjl^j! 'l^iU — *
гljAjiSij 'ljill ^icj plj^VI ^icj ^ji^llj ^jjlj^llj jUVI ^icj ajjjaji Ajliillj Acljjll
jjiiiillj 'ljjjJjSVIj ^jiAjllj Ajjjillj rl—JiVlj '¿jl^^llj ^jjasi jjjlallj
A^JjgJlj lj^jJjjJjgSlj ¿djUStj A^JjgJl b^jJjj^llj ljilji^llj ^jji^jllj jjjlallj
Jj^ijasij a^—sij vusij 'lj^l.jSlj A^jiS! Jm —iSlj jjjlallj 'ljAjiAAllj Aj^. —Si
^icj A^bLjllj jlpVlj ^¿jll ^icj Ai^iiJlj ^ijSlj 'ljjjjiilVlj A^jiS!
¿jA^ J Vj qJ£ J ajjjaji 'U\u—a\s Ji]| qjanasi ¿sjasi ^J^-.. .jljj^ll
A*lAJl
t'ljjl^i]! a] j^jasi л^» asi ia^a* 20 j* jjijJj
^ic t^jl'l^ jUVI tjl^jVI tA^—Sl trljA
jill t^aj^jAll t^iiJlj 'L^bjll tA^ji^ t(AcbL Ajiaill tej]AJ]| t'^wiJi 'UlUJl tAj^l^A]|J '¿jl^J]| tLilt*L^Vl
tf^cyi tAj]ji^J]| jjji]| tAj<;-,K;Ji A^jigJl tAjjjSl t(Jjjjjl!) ^¿ill tAjjl^jyi ^jiAJl
AjjaJ tAjc|jjSl 'LiaiSl tJ*j jc jUifrimVI t(^lc) 'Vl—JVI tAjj^ll tAjjjji]l
.Ajjljjgill A^iJigS! t(A»j..USi ^ic) rl.jji]! jSI 'lj]Ac tAJJJj]! AalUll tljilji^ll t'lj|jll
ujjxjtl Jj^jj ^^ ojji^tl Si^j^tl :)0) Jj^^
^Jc ¿jUSl Ai^
3059 1989 'l ijl^iSl 'l^iUj ^ias j^jasi 1.
6318 1989 Ajjjillj aaiasi rl^jjiSl 'l^iU, ^ias j^jasi 2.
4074 1990 5 'lu^l ill 'l^iUj ^ias j^jasi 3.
846 1992 jaj^jAll 'l^iU— ^ias j^jasi 4.
4535 1992 rljAjill 'l^iUj ^ias .wjasi 5.
2146 1992 6.
^ ^ ИХ tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! 'l^ljjSl .AiiSl A.pU.i AJa3J]| AJJJ*]! ^^.l*^! .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jjxi Hjj t И tAj^ljjV! A^JAJI t"i1i nljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
3018 1993 ^jl'jllj jlJ^l .Wjxll A?*x\l 7.
6596 1994 8.
2701 1994 1,ilji?\l ^^jxll A?*x\l 9.
8846 1995 A?*x\l 10.
1180 1996 '¿jj?jX]| ^l!lLll jXl| a?*X]| 11.
1383 1996 f-l'jg^) 'ajll a(\*J\| j^jxll A?*x\l (АлЬ^ 12.
1740 1997 Aj\*\| A?*x\! 13.
6089 1999 (JjjJj]|) kiill ^l^lL—xl jXSl A?*xll 14.
1747 1999 A'^dl j^jx\l A?*x\! 15.
2828 1999 A (< ,K,x\l А шЛ''£ \l A?* x\l 16.
1524 1999 A(\(<wh\| jj'all A?*x\l 17.
3428 1999 aNPVI ^^JЛ\I А?*л\1 18.
1314 1999 A(j(jj\l j^jxll A?*x\l 19.
2031 1999 A,j?\l ^1—JVI A?*x\l 20.
ljjajII ^j^jj' '. x ¿!jx jx Jjaix*
^t^tu^.tt (|jJx^il jVl ^l (6)
A^kJ^xW ^jjj. Ailll jcljj jll A?* x Ail (a^V) ^jjA^ll jlVI ¿!jx ji ^l?
Aj^jjiSlj Ajjjl?jVI ^a ^lil ¿¡^J j Ajjj?Vl Ajjj*ll ^iaXll Ja jjkll
jll АШ1 ^l— "kJll jxj .^lk'x400.000 j^i jp "A^lj" ^ij ^jJ^jj .AjjlxSVtj
tA^jj^Jl Ajiall tAjjaj' t^blUjyi A^a— tAjiaJ ^¡jl^il ;"а^Ь" j Ajxl*ll 1 gjLiJ
AjjaJ t^lxjl AjjaJ' tA_uL^l AjjaJ' tuLall / tfjl^l AjjaJ' tajj*jxSl ^iljjull u /¿I pi AjjaJ'
ajjijj^vi Aj'aJ t^lLaVI Ajjljj Ajjaj' tj^ljll ol?j'VI AjjaJ tJl^jVI '¿jipi AjjaJ tAjpl*Ul
tAjjl j^ll Aj£j^ll t^lVI
L tjljJcVI Ajiaj' t'jjj£ll Ajj'j^aSl SjlUyi Ajjaj' tAjjj^j\jui\l jlx^iluiVI t(^lc) ^VI'JVI tAjjl I 1 V tl£jil£jx t(^lc) Aj^jjA Ajlc t^lc/^lj—ljj
jjili t-j"2l| ^LLa tA. о oill A!lLll tljil i?ll t^l jIjSI AjjaJ tAjP|j\\l ^LjaSlI tj* лр
.Axlp lL'xj Ajjljj^lSl A^jj^Jl t
(A*j;L\l aic)
^lljjixll jx '¿jjax 100 Jx^j' Ajjp ¿x?j Ax?jjllj ^lilll AjKj JjVI ^jj^xll ^lUlli ^ixl!
l^x^i ji ajja— jj?j.j a^p^i Jjl^j ji jjjJj' jJl! ^¡l^\L'x\lj
.iXm ^ ^ HX tAj^ljj'VI Ajjj*ll Ciluljjll .Ailll AjjUJ AjX3jSl Ajjj*\l A?l*XJl .(X«X>) .^>.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
JjALJJ t ^Y tAjjIjjV! AjjJA.Sl 'LjljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
uijiuJl ^аУытУ1 (—iljuilui! (ajljjijjji! (Aj3jc ^lsl ! tA.LSi AjjL^yi Ljj! (аа-цл 'LLlJ! IJ**! '¿¿J* У ! "jil jljJ! tAjJc ('ji'! (AJj.—! (AjZlJLuH (J±—b* IjjjL*Jjj! LjjJJ"l <—llj t^j! '^jj! 'jjjLJ! lljij! 'AjjLj 'L'LlJI jjg U*! i ¿.US! (¿j/jJy! ¿J* (JjlJil! *q*—l 'J! (^jjJ/jjjJ! j—L ** (j)lj*yi (j^jjj (.jllj! (alj'iA Si aaals! (jljjli! (aaijilaj I ajaoj! (ajlsjj! aj taiSi (ajjjajj! (^Jjc (jjLuijyi (JJLL 'ajjiajjjj] ! ajl—j! ('lull^s! (^ciajl ! (aj/jl (AJLLJ ! <,ll
(¿jbjJ ! jijlj! (^llll ijlj! ' iL LlijjJ A*jsl (JLJ! AAjsl (AjjjiiJy! AAjslji (ajjlj! AJjj (ajljjijj! LhJuiJj (^illj! ljul a —l —l
J! (¡jjjuj! ALjlL i' "ljjl
'^*jaj! zjjl! '(/jslc JjJ (ajjjjj iajlijsjajj (fiJJjJ! ¿jj AJjj (ajjalaj AJjj J L * ajjjjlla 'II ASju! 'A, ji ASju! (Ajjli* ASjjj! (aillj! LjljJ! jjij 'jjllji L Si jjjluj! (AjilLL (ааЦоу ! Jbyi jja— (AlaiL** ' L — (Jc ^j! Iajjjai> (jjlj*yi jjlc. (aajjajj! 'a iiac 'Aj—c tjjjjjjjc ' JjL ^jjc 'ajl»jj»yi AiLLJl 'ljjj* (jjlj! jijjljjj]! 'ajjlljS 'l*ajj! t^jj'y ! AA (AJ/jjJ/
(AjjijjJ! g"Sll lsi (AjiiLLJ! i^AJuij ' ''< LJ* (Jal! rLJ I igjy! j-J*> jjlj! ¿alllaji (aljijj! (i—Lj L^JjLAi^AtjjjjJj ¿¿"L * jaaj! ¿"L * jjJ! j"L * 'A*yi ¿j"L * jjjj (JyJLj! l$ajlaj! Jb'Ji (AjjJjjJ! jAJ! Alкi* (ajsj! ajsaj! I jl*jaaj! 'LiL*
.jsljjjj ! 'A si^jjjjJ! (jlgLJl
iA*ajLa]| г 1 ULVI jcj tA*i '1 l\<SI Ai*c jc ^Lljj лLL * J^ ¿ij* JjLJj AllIjSI ^ALa л^*
i^laasi '¿JJLJA al\<si ja ijljlsi 'Ljji* laj a—1lsi ^jliillj '1 kL^LSl ^iljj ja tlgi* ^JJ* J£ ^jlAAJ 1 g^*ia'Ji* ¿*al ^*Lcl ja t^ljj ^i ja |1А1иА* ^j^ ja JL* jljlsi ^JaJ 'lAJiAA]| l* i'l^lllsi ¿*AL j ^jlaasi ¿LA* jajj* AiLijAl! ^jlaasi ^ljlsi j^ij tlAliA* ^^hjj ^alj a*l*—jj Ijj^aj '1 aJJLiS jlA*j 1 g^*laiJ*j aaisii ^lj
.JlJlSI л*l —J AajjLj taJjiAll ^JLa* j* jj** J£ A*i J1 l lSI jl q ^—LiSlj
Ijjt^jj IXAIA ujxtl ^l^t * ^JJ^A Jjt^J .8
¿iLj ^Sj jjki* jjl lg»—j 'IjjiAllj jijlsi jic 1ла ^jaji jlLS лLL * ¿ij* ^jjlj
j* ^l jic ^JJLJ. V ^JaSI jlLS ^LA* jl ^l .JJ—a]I j* J—c ^l i-JL* ^LAaH
.Ai**]! ji*
^ ^ 'Aj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! 'l^ljjSl .AiiSl A*A3j]| AjjJl ^LL*^! .(Х'Х*) .^.J JLH
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jixi Hjj t И tAj^ljjV! A^JASI ^Inljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
^jjl^ijj ^Sj^ J jl^i a?* л J^A*(1)
flj^kil 4<j^il J jl^i J^^* (2)
.£X-^l ^ ^ HX tAj^ljj'VI Ajjj*ll Ciluljjll .Ailll AjjUj Ajx3jll Ajjj*\l A?l*XJl .(X«X>) .^>.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jixi Hjj t И tAj^ljjV! A^JASI (¡1I nljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
flj^kil 4<j^il j^ LjA^il ^j^Hilj ujxil jl^i ^л?* л jj*^ * Jj^ ^JIJJ .2
jjl l^A—j jll ¡Ijjixllj jljxll Jp kj^x\l ^jxlallj ^j*ll jl^l a?* x ¿!jx ^jj^j. A?*x jl ^l .jj-*ll jx j-р ^l j 'j^j jlx?*xll kj aSj ^jljljjjallj jj^ix
.AJj*ll ¡Ijjix jx ^l Jp ^jj^j V jl^S
JJJ^ Jji^j ^jl^j .3
jxljJxll AjiKxl 1<\\ ^jjj. ¿SjxSI jli IIS j^lj ¿!jx j a?i*x 7 A— ¿!jxll jl 'y^j
l Jkjj.
ji
.Ajjj^j Axj.j! Ajjjp a?1 * x 6 j 1 з 'P '''' jll a x\<\t jp
jjl?llj AxJl! pILpV ^Ua ^jlj AjjlLxSl Axllll jl? Jlkjl Jl A?Ull jjj inx aJ,t<x jx l^ji lxj Ax\<\l l^ji j?jj' jll A?1 * x\l ^jljj ^Jj .1 3 'jj jx '^.loSl jlJkj
aJ,t<x jjjj ^JlJj jl jx A^jl! Jpj .^jil Jjj? j ^fjjj jjlSlj J^^llj — A^l ai tjj'^x ^а ja ^l) l^jlaj^xS Vj A^\<\ ^j^iSl ^IL—xll jj^j' l3.il Vl Ax\<\l jjix Ax\<\i 111 Ix jj^j. V .(jl<x a^I aI All a^I aI ' — aI Aillox Aij— aI Jpli
Vj .Ajijx jl lil lx Vj ^¿х?\1 ^ji jA lx 1 * X? |j|j tlg* X? lxj t1 * X? jl
Allxl Vj JAIJU ^l Ajaj. Vj Aji jjj' ^ll ¿L^ll Vj AxKJ CjU jl J*x ^l ^L^
Aji'?VI ¡Ijjixll jp '^jJl j<xj. Ail lx£ Jp l^xljkj^l jl lAli*x ¿—j'
jp '^jll j<xj. V j<Sj tajjixSl ¡"<1 x\<\l jp '^jll j<xjj .Ajjj*ll Ailll j AxjkJ^xll a^^VI tAjilaaSl AjJO«j1|" Jlx U^j ji jx jJ<jj' ^jll Aj£jx]| ¡|jjiXSl
Jjj^ .¿o^ll a?1 * x\l ji A?jjx jjp Ajj*ll ¡Ijjix A^* xj ."¡Ijlall '¿jjIaII
tA (X?* xll t^lj.j*l t^lplj?l tAjHj!jxj.j tAjjAlAj t^j<^p Jjj ji*x j1p jjpI a1 t Jljxll
jjp ajj.j?ll ¡laJ^xllj ¡lxKll jx jjJ<ll jl ^l .Aj.jj*j' tJl^jl t^x^pl tjjjl*x t^lj^J^I
.Ajjj^ll Vj Ajj'l jJll A?1 * x ji Alkjx
. » ¡e
VJ?^ A^l*^ j^ (3)
.£X-^l ^ ^ t^X tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! ¡Ujjll .Ailll Ajjl^l AjX3j1I Ajjj*ll a?*^! .(X«X>) .^.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jixi Hjj t И tAj^ljjV! A^JASI ¡l^ljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
strategy u ¿14* J XLA&I ШЛ
=> Jja
liberal Xjjflvi ^J^f ^¿Ц Щ* ¿tij*}
=> Jja
liberalism X^jln Xij^f ^ ^ j'vi J xy^j J*'*
=> JJ^
JX^Uilf Zionism tf * ^ 0 ^
=> Jja
At ^j». ta . ^Ujf) Jj^tf Xty^ Xvti U^f (Xnjifr^ Zionism й ♦ ^ о ^
jä^ ^liitf ÖJJÄJA ^j^ljül Xti* (4)
SjAlSftj X^jaJf XiUf A^ltA ^JJA* J^i^j gJ^j .4
lx£ .öJA*Jx '"'l ^.^kJ ^ ^«J l^W OjAlalb Ajjj*ll Ailll * * x jjxjj* .^jjxll ^l^i—xll jj*x ^—jj ^J^ ¿x ALlaj ^^ll jiJ*"^ ^l^—xllj ^jjl?jVI Aallkxll '"'l . J ^.xll jl i^jlj .JkJxll J jl jlVI ¿^jxll ^l^kj^jj
Ajxl*ll * xl! J Ix^jpj J Ä^jAx jjä ÄipaJl '"'l aJwx\l jl öJjAa*
^^kJ ^l J Vj x ^l J jjJAaJ V A&^lj xll ^jlxxll jx Äcjx^x jp J^a^j
jjjxl£ jx Jjlax 02 jl^ "AjjaS" Axl£ ^ilk^l tJUxll Ци^ jl*i .^l^—xll ^kauu
^ ^ ИХ iAj^ljjVl Äjuj*Jl CiUj^ll .Äilll ÄpUj Äjx3jll Äjjj*ll ^.UJl .^.j jaJl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 Х»Х» jjlljj t И IAJJIJJ^I AJJJASI 'LJIJJSI
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
lgi* J£ Jj ^JJAJ lgi* Jil jL*l]| jljjLj J*Jl\< j* jji* AjjjiLjVI Aiillj ^IljI Ujj^ .LajlI Л "AjlaJ*" AA£ ^iLjl lAjjcj .technique AAiil ^ii* "A*jaj" AA£
^ U»j LgjLj ¿alaSI л*' »* jjLJJj .AjjjlLjt AaljJ* jjJj Llj^ LgJ 'jlj "AjjLljI AJjj" AJjj 'л*1а2]| ^jlaic :^L*) J£ J 'Jjj la£ lAli** ^jjj*j 'liljj J '1l\u—lsi
¿*ll Jajj V ^SU — lS lg*i Jjjl jll 'liljLiSl jl VI .(AjjlAic AjjJa tAjjlAic Ajaal tAjjlAic
Jjj* л] "J—jS! 'LiLJ J :^LAi .^JlAASl ¿*AL JAJj* V tslLAA]| ^jlAA]|J 'lil*LSl 'lil*LSl j* ^aj "^U^l Jj—1j]I"j "^^Vl J*—lill" Vj "^Ji*]l J—J" 'LiL^ Jic "'LjjlLS" ^ilji .¿ijA]| J Г ULvi ^liAj .j,^1LSl liiij J ALUS!
."А*Ла|!аа" j* Vjj "'LjAjiA*" _j '1——LJSI aajis J " " ^lljJj lX" _] ^JJAJ
A^jxtl Ailtl )5)
.£Х-^1 ^ ^ ИХ 'Aj^ljjVI AjjJl 'UjjSl .AiiSl AjjlL A*a3J]| AjjJ ^LL»^ .(Х*Х>) .^.J JLH
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jixi Hjj t И tAj^ljjV! A^JASI ¡l^ljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
ujjxjil JJ^UJ у A?1** Jkl^^ ja Aij^i (6)
^^jlj .Aj^ijillj Ajjj\? j l^j^jlaxj Ajjj*ll Lj.j*Jll ^j^iJ' '.'"'<x a?1 * x
jj^j' V Jl^jl jjpj .jjxjll jll jl^jll jx ^jJ'j j! Jkljxll jl
.£X-^l ^ ^ HX tAjuljjVl Ajjj*]! CiUjjll .Ailll AjjUJ Aj^jll Ajjj*ll A?l*xll .(X«X>) .^>.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjauj^ t ^Y iAj^iljjVI nlj^Sl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
Vj ÀJJJ*]| AiUb — ^J^" Vj Ùj^ AJ^JHA JtjJbj
'Û^J^A SJ^JAII * A\I 1 ¡"^——^jl À^JA^A ÙI .Aj^jjäll jI jV1 j
V 1gjl ÀisJaJl ^UlL — ^ J JS^ ^â ôJJJA^ Ь;^'' ^UlL — .U
ùIJ '^1999 j^^ A ¿IJ^I Ù (2) ^j ÜJ^Ä ÙA .JIJAJ^IJ H4W
.MVI.^A 8846 ^J^. U^'^I
Li'jUdlll ^UOAAJI 1£>лЬиу| SJkuasJI Liy>*ji g £>io>fiJI PuuJI
berlagerungstechnikD Overlay technique о a . ; o'j , 4j 1 .. 1 [ üliUljV' LjbXCki.
Technology Д; ft'* cA'Cfi.
Channeling /»If) ibfe-ill (äÄuJaJI VTTAl
Channeling Canalisation Channeling Д/ л Gl-Lxr- ¿-y-^di )"VÏ\
Landwistschaft licke technologie Technologie agricole Agricultural technology 1 jj Q__y_ÛJ ûlùii Т-ПТ
Technicality 0 . i У11 j ö . : Ö-. Ö^uuja^J! «Luj^iâi ТТГ«Т£
Unipolartechnik Technologie unipolaire Unipolar technology . .ь su OljbJI <Ui£u WoUYY
Biotechnology cLggj üslb TW14V
VLSI-Technik Technologie de l'intégration a très grande (echelle (VLSI Very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology tjJi ¿LoiJ üljljJI ä-y-fij ьсдчг.
Methode radiometrique Radiometric technique (ftlï) П1ЯПЧ
Technique de bouclage des circuits sur le central Re-entrant technique JLxiyi 'Ly-ûj' (yoli)
Technique de bouclage des circuits sur le central Re-entrant technique üb-^VI "LtJ OAlUül IV'ûlT
5ATO-Technik Self-aligned thick oxide technology Лл_xjjSl О ; i Ö'i ùljlAll à7yJij Wo-TT
Technique de manipulation par déplacement de fréquence multiple Multi-frequency-shift-keying technique ¿>:>JuüüOjl ObvpJI ü\)Uül Coli) ППЧТо
Technique MDP biphasé avec étalement du spectre en sequence directe Direct sequence spread spectrum biphase PSK technique l31>jl ÖjiSLi j.0 jçtbJt ^jUj jgkJI j'. J-J 1 OYIUiJI П^оГЛ
Technique unidirectionnelle One-way technique i>laJI obuV1 OilLiil (joLt)
Bipolar device technology <ÙJUJ ij^JrVI uibalil pLt mi-
Silizium-Planartechnik Technologie planar sur silicium Silicon planar technology I q • ■ q'i 1 OIjIaJI ЬоТП
Macrosonics <t_>:uill ijLiyi ä *iÖ'i jbc^ûjLÂ-Mjlll JlJtJ ù-t Т • IV oV
Probenahme Technique d'* échantillonnage Sampling technique OLyjr- VI Sy-fiJ 1Т2..1Л
... \ YT£oTVA4 )•
^liüi jj*^ dL JAU* (7)
^ ^ ИХ 'ÀjuIjjVl Àjjj»Jl CiUj^I .Ail\l 4-pU.i ÀJASJJI Àjjj*\l ^.UJl .(X'X*) .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jixi Hjj t И tAj^ljjV! A^JASI ¡l^ljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
:(A^b) diUJk^Ali JVl ^jjil JJIAJ ^Jljj .6
tAji A^kJ^j ^ill Ua!j jjjj' ¿jxpi Aj Jjj? ji 'ajll ^JlJi A^lj ^ij jlaj.
¡^jlaXll .AjilxlVI a" Aj"jll Aillb a" tAj.jjl?jVI Aillb Aljlax a" Ajjj*1! Aillb ^IL—xll jj^jj ^b"ll oli*x jLaj. ^b^i ji ¿—jjj .j*j a\xJ<x jjp Aj"jjallj AjjlxlVI
¡1 x?jJ ^lLp| A^lj ^ij jlp ikjjj .ji*x J^j Aji A^kJ^j ^ill u
^jkl ¡1 "kj ji 1* x Jliplj ji jj*x ¿ax jjl*x]
V j<lj ¡1;J<x\ij ¡ljjj']|j ¿bjjall j ¡^iix 6 l^l ¡j?Ji :"Ajjj«j" ^kjl •
."Aj^ib^i Aj.jj*j' tAjila"' AjJJ*j t^jj*j' ¿xJ?x" _] Jjlax J?jj. Ajilj*?ll ¡lxjl*xll A^i j А^''-xl1 Jjlaxll ¡j?ji ^j^x" ^ilkjl •
.^jjJiVI ji "'^j ^j^x" ji*x j?l aS j<lj ¡l"kJ\lj Axl! Jjj?ll j ¡j?jj t^jlaxj l!b^181 l$l jl ¡j?ji "System" ^lkj| • j Ajkj^j jl! AjjJ*1I ¡^iaxll j£i jjj j<lj tl^ a^"" jJl! Ajjjl?jVI ¡UL"] Aaj!j]| ikjj. lx£ .jljj^llj pb^VI a1pJ ^liillj lLSI ji Ajjj*ll l^j^jlax ¡j?j pbjjall
.technique lilj^l "Ajjajj" Axl£ t"ix?jj' :^3xi Aajij jjp ¡jjlaxll jl A^lj ^ij jp
Vjj ¿joi jlp ¿Jx$ll ' "Ajjjill A!lLll ¡bUiix" JJx Aj*jLxSI f-1 Lk vi ^liAj
.^\L'x\i l^i ----kJ\' j ¡^jlaXll jj* jKll ^JX?X]I jSij VJ .^SVl jx
^b^jiil
jj"kJx\lj jjj.j*l]| aIxJaI jl ^jjJiVI jlp Ajx!jll Ajjj*ll а?1 * x\l jp '^jll ^JlJi ¡j^^l
Ajjj*ll a?1 * x\1 j АЗ-xlxJAl jx jjj<j jO^l ¡lill! ojj*Jx]|j Ailll Ajjljull A?l*xllj jjj<ll jjaajxllj jk — jx ¿!jx jA Ajjjp-Ajjjp A?1 * x Aj kai j^lj ¿!jx ^liAj .Ailll Ajjl^l Ajx!jll
ji plj^l A"kJx Ajjjp-Ajjjp A?1 * x j?jj Vj .Axjj*x ^^Lll A"k x\l A?1 * X\l jl lx£ ji ljxjj j?j"j jjll J ¡lxl<]| jilAx ^^Lll ^jUj Ajxl*ll Ji AjJilll ¡Vl?x]l
j^lj Jl?x ji A"kJx Ajjljj' A?1 * x ^liAj .Ajjjp Ajpj^jx A?1 * x j?jj. Vj .a^pVI Jjl^j A?1 * x\l jjpj lAjjp Aij*x L*'jj (j^lj jl<x ji A*x?x ^jjjj^l jlp '¿jjAjx l^il VI
J*?j. lx liAj jljil 1 з aj\l Jj 1 з *jx?Jj Ajaj. Ajx!jll Ajjj*ll a?1 * x\l a^*xj .j^ljll ц ^i
.AjLijll ojjj^x A?1 * x\l oiA A^* x jl jlp '¿j^p ^jjL lJ!j ^jij"j'j — ^^J Ajlxp ^ja^Jlj t^jjJiVI A<jU, jlp ^^lk J<uj Ailll Ajjl^l Ajx5jll Ajjj*ll A?l*xll jjp '¿jljjlj
:jlj. lxj A^ljjll j^jj' ^^lk Jlu ^^Lll l^jx '¿j?jx]| '¿jjlall
lAljjjj jjll jA jUj]| jJj jl lij?Jl tAjji?Vl A?lAX]l jll lij^j lil ^jit^il (1
Ajxl*ll '¿jlxllj A?1 * x\l A\PJ Ailll ji jj"kJx\lj pljjkll jx ^jji jjjAJ Ax^x jljjj'j ^ji2"jj jljj'l jl jji l^ajlljj ajaj. 1 'x?1 * x j| lx£ .^jkVI jls AajLII l^jx jj^aj'j
I^JJJ^J AS jJll ¿jjj?ll ¡1^\L'x\l jx ¡Uxll l^l^lk j^^j' t^ljj^ '¿jp jUillj ^jlUll Ajlxp
.£X-^1 ^ ^ t^X tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! ¡l^ljjll .Ailll AjjUJ AjX3jSl Ajjj*ll A^l*^! .(X«X>) .^.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» j|x"jj t И tA^ljjVI A^JASI ¡l^ljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
¡Ujj AJaJ' jl ^jJj—H jx Aj-i lil .jjLJllj jjiJll ¿jj^ j-p ji liilj A—lk A?*xll lJij ^ «j\<J aj1*1Ij AilaoSlj AjjjJlS Ajjj*ll A xk'ull jl ^jlkll Jjj] jjj*ll Ajjjjll L "< x jl Ajjjjll
Ax*]! A?1*x\l ¿—jj IfJj Ajxijll Ajjj*ll A?l*x\l ¿—jj AJaJ' jj"kJx\l jx AjjA
.(AjjilSl ojjkiSl ^jjux JJx) Aj\*J\l J^'jx ^ij A?jjJx]|j A"kJx\lj
plx^l JJx Axlp ¡V1? x jLiJ '¿jjax ^ll 100 jp Jaj. V lx a—J' j' Ajij^i (2
¡IjaI*X]|J ¡ljljJllJ ^lalVIJ Aj1Jj1I ¡Ij1^jVIJ ¡1*X?j1IJ ¡U^ixSl
"¿jjj?ll ¡laJuxSlj ¡1 "kJ\l ^ fl\jk x jx ¡1 x\<j Ajjj*ll jjP ¡lxKllj JjjSlj jjxll
.Ajjj*ll Ailll ji AxjkJ"x]| Aj.'?VI ¡IjjixSlj ¡Ijjixl]
Jkljx ji Ax$x]| ¡liJ<x]| ¡l^ljjSl jx jjj*ll ¡j^^i :JllJ^il i^Ujl* JJC dJbj (3
(2000) JjAj jijl jai .^^Lll ^j] Ajjilll ¡Ijl^Jl AjXJ ji lAjjjj A?l*X]l ^^j jx jj<Jj. '¿jpl"xj Ailll aj\*J\ ^xlijj ji Ajx? * x\i ¡lxjl*xll Hill & Laufer
¡IjjixSl OiA jp Aa\jk x Ajx? * x ¡lxjl*x jll Jj^jll AjiKxlj l^JVl—l aJ' ¡Ijjixj
jx .(^Si jjpj l^ix ^aJUl jjll jji?llj l^aLij aVI AilSlj l^j^jlaxj IaU*xS ^jU)
¡jjJklj . fjjSxSl A^i ji jl^Jkl a^1 tfj? jl Jo! ajx^ajj AulUSl jp f Ijijaj jl ^Lll jp 'jJ^Jj. j1 Аз-iKxb jl£j incidental Jj''ax\l jjp а^1 Jp a^jJ! jljJkV l$ix Axl£ 12
j£ij' A^ix l\lj 1 '?lax IjljJkl u^LlI jlpi a" a?*x ji l^ijijAj. V jJll ¡lxl<ll
AjlxP ¡jjp oJJ*Jx]| Ajx?* x\l ¡lxjlxxSl a1 ^kJ^I jl jUJkljll ¡J?ji .¡lxKll jil*x
ji flj^i A^jlopjj ^ij '¿JJ*Jx ¡iljljkj ^^Lll JjjjS AjxA I ^JbiSl ¡jjjl J .j£iJll
A|*'\l ¡lxKll A^ij 'fj A^ix '. '\Lj lxjjp A—1k jjj^l^ll a?*x\l j| j!jj1| a?*x\l
'¿jj^aj A?l*x\l IjxJkJ^I ^^Lll jl Bishop (1998) ^jUjj j?j t^jkl a^Ijj jij .Aji
tAJSlj A^ljJ jij .¡IjjixSl jil*x Aij*xS kai ^jlj Ajj^i ¡lxjl*x jlp Jj'^\\
A^j^jlxx pljj'l ^^Lll jpl"j' ^^Lll a?i * x\ Aj—lk jjjl jl Nesi (1987) j"ji ¡J?j
lxl .Ailll aIJ^j^I ji ^^Lll Jpl"j' AjJ'j^j Ajj^j ¡lxjl*x jlp ^jJ^j l^il tAjjlJ<]| ¡Ijl з x\\
^l^! ji Ailll aIj^J^I ji Ijjj£ ^^Lll JPl"j' ¡lXKll jjlAx jp lЗXJaj• jj]| ¡lxJl*x]| Jl?x]| Jl AlaXSl ^lij V A|jkJ^I :jA AjlJSSl ji ^lLkVI jx ^Ijii ¡J?jj .jj*x
.ji*xSl ji f 1 Lkij Ajjilll ¡1'x\i aIj^J^I ji f 1 Lkij tAx\<\i Aji A^kj"j ^ill
jlp A^j'jJ! ^Jxj Jkljxll JJp Aj^li jx A?1 * x\l jlp jjx<^j lx Ojlp jjxJkJ"x]| jl Aj^.Ij1| Ijljjkl ¡lxKll jljJkl ji ^^Lll jpl"j' V AJ'^Jll a?i * x\i jl jjjJ'j .AIj^": jJIaxSI а^з
.Ajlj<ll flij'l l^j^ —
Aa\Jk x\l ¡laJuxSlj ¡IjjixSl jil*x Ajxijll Ajjj*ll a?1 * x\l jLaj jl ^jjj^all jx liA jx AjAlaxj ¡Ijjixj jp j<lj AlaJ"x ¡Ijjix jp ^jl 'kjll AjiKxlj tAjjj*ll AilSlj
Ajjj*ll AilSlj lAliAx ^jUj jj^l jl ^lj^ ji Ax\<\i aIj^J^Ij tlj'^jjl jjJxl£ jx Aij<x Aj£jx
.£X-^1 ^ ^ t^X tAj^ljjVI Ajjj*]! ¡l^ljjll .Ailll AjjUJ AjX3jSl Ajjj*ll a^.1*^! .(X«X>) .^.j j?ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjauj^ t ^Y tAj^iljjVI AJJJASI ^bljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
'^.Jl jA ^SlLSl jj^Aj'j ¿аа\<\1 aj3 ^jAI^i" ^jSl j ^j^jj' '¿jjj^j t^L^iSl ^Ji J
lil lgc jjj jl ia^ii) a a\<\i ^jj jjj^j'j _Slj a3j*a jl o^j^a a\<\i
.(^Jl ... jl^A f^ll ^ij^iia f^ll Jcli f^ll ^l jJ^OA ^A jaj ^l Aa*
^cj^ja ^¡jc-^jjc Jc AJ^bJl jo*' f ftJ&S^t (l
^¡IjUj J lgjj*A^ij ^i^jsaii ^jl*A ajaai^Jij AjjilJSlj a l,»jja\i ai^jaii J
^i^jsaii '. » a ^^jjj iaUaa jjij*. vj ' —Si J ^jj'j jU^VI
ajasjsi Ajjj*]| f^l » asi jj&J ^jjj^jl jA Aili |j] .lgJA ^V jl*A Aj| fjJaJ jj^ '"'l lgL.—J jlj tAjjj*Jl aaijij ^iaa] l^j^ ^¡^LlS ^Jaj jl AJCJ^iJ* AilJl A_pl^.l
^ij a\a<\| j*A ^JUJj ^i lgJA Jjjjj t^lulA f^lj l u^^'J j£uiSlj
.Aiii^! Aj^ij^i J^lj^Ii f^l*^ Jl^l (2
ajjaj »a Jji i\j—c j ^¡^LJl ^U^J AjjjUj JI^CI (3
AjjilSl aJU1 asij ajjaisi —a\ij ^li^ljjAllj ^Ij^VI f^* a jja ajjj^j a——aja
^LJl ^ij^jj .jUiVI
J*J fjAW jSl jaJ| ^jjaj ^ljljli] aj A£jjuaji ¿lilVI f>»Aj
'j£j - J^j -¿i^ - - fLS - ^J^) jjJ jj*aji J fgj jjJJ ^JJC jji
jja aJUUA ^jlxA fgj ^jujj — ^JJ; — ¿a^j; — ¿a^j — — ^^ajjj
Ailaiij ^aUij AialjA t^jl^Jij ^Ji t^jl^A^j ^ia^ ^jjjjj ^jjjjj ^j^^jj ajjlj^ t^jjjcj ^JJ^ 'j^—J4vij a——4\ij ^t'jl —^J Ailaj t^jaJjj tAA^^lj jjjA^^I tAjjj^lj Jj^U tAjj^acj А'ла^ tALjaA^ tjjjJljjjjj ajjijjjjj ^jijjj]
.^laJuAjl o^A fg a\»jj 'aajjajij ajaixsij Ajil^lxJl
¿^ja aja^jji ajjjaji f^.l*AJl jl ^jUj ^jg^l ^jj^^II (4
.Sjl^Jl Ajj*Jl ^l^JiA jA %Ю ^jjj V ajj^^ji ^l^JiAJl jA Jjla VI ^j^j'
aaisi ¿a^ a jl ^j^jj' ^j^a ¿3ja ^i A ——4ja\i ajjjaji l ■ a jjj l^J^i lilj
jl ¿a tJaVI ^i ^¡Ijl^i °jAc l wl jl l^j^jJ tf^l^ ^jj jJ^ jl aJJJ*ji Ajjjl^iVI AJA£ jjj OJA ^l^ jl ^l .^JJ ¿A JSJJ A——4JA\I
JJ3 jui AJli jAJJJASI AAUI ^i jf^» A AJJJ^J IAJ 'IA JI^A A——4JA\I
a——4ja\i ^jjjiVI f?l ■ aj )Carr 1997)jl£ ^l^l jaSj ^lc jJ^ jl jj^ jUc
f^l» a jja AjjaJSlj aja!*!! A*^ljSl lgjj^ij'j ^liUl o^j*jaj
AilSl ajjijj
^l^jiAj ^l^lL—A jA J^J^J. ia JlA^I jjj^Jl jA Aili IIS .EURODICAUTOM
aa^ija ^a.'j ia£ .j|jaj^i^ ajjj^ ^iaijaj^ij Aj.'^l ¿lijlj ajj*a ¿liJlj ^laJuAj
^j^j Jai .ajjj^ji ^iaijaj^^ij ^lijj*j' Ail^alj jljAJ^l^ lgjjj^j'j ^lijj*j
jjUJ ^ljl^J^I jjL*j ^^LJI ^l*^ A*^ljaji ^li.j*jj| jl (1993) McKeown jjj^l^
.iX-^l ^ ^ 'AJ^IJJVI AJJJ*J! ^l^ljjSl .AilSl AJa3JJ| AJJJ*JI ^^.l*^! .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 X»X» jjx"jj t И tA^ljjVI ¡l^ljjll
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
AkJk^a.
J Ul—k Alb ¿jjiii ^jl^j .A-pjlalll óx jjSl AXUl jjxxll ^Ijkl^Vl Jl
il ^UljkJ^Vl j ^^ll '¿^l^ix j AjlUi jjSl A*klJxll ^lijJ*Jll jl
2XKU
^aj* ja ^j*ll jl^l JJx Ajj'ljjll lixkl*.x jl ¿k^j »1 ^Ij^ll a?1** )5
j ^ilaj^xj xl< jx Jkj" lx Jkl Ajlj ' *a' ^j ^ AxkJ JJ^ix jj| ^JXJ JjLjll jp
Aklxxll jx l^j^jjx JJ^jj* lx£ ilx£j Ipjj Ajj'ljjll l ixkl * x J^|jx JJ^jj* ASjl^ll jjjall
.Webster or Oxford Akl*x ^Ijkl Aajjk jj^Jj* lx£ Ukljkl ASjjk jj^Jj* A¿úkVl
jx Ojjpj ^ij*ll jl^l jx o^jjxj A -kaix AjjJk '¿Jj.Jk ¡" jJll** j| ¿ixj lx ^liA ^jl
^jll JJkll jjaljxll plx^lj jjjl^yi l^jaljx plx^il Jxkj* Ajjj*ll ^lljjll * x
.^ji jk
l^il ¿^ AjjikVl Akl*Xll jp ¿L jx ¿^ll ¿iljA^Vl )6
l^ix .^^IjpVIj Jl^^Vlj ^l^kVl AalJk x Ajijjjlllj Ajajj ^lljlji^j '¿Jp a?* x J£ jx jJLLj* Akl * xllj vJ<x\l Akl * xj Aaljk xll Aj^ljjll Jkljxll ^l^kj jjJ^ljllj ^Ukllj JlákVl * x ^Vlkx ¿jxk ji A^a^akJxllj Ajpj^ijxll jjpj Ajpj^ijxll * Xl|j '¿jj^^xll jjpj Ojj^axll
.eJl*ll Ailll
^á jUll ^A US S^^Ij SjLIj l^já ¿Íj^ ^á Ajxajll ¿jaaj )7
jx |jk jj-^ ^Jp j jjxjkj^xll ¿aljx ^U^á .Ailll AjJl^l Ajjjxll '
EURODICAUTOM, OneLook Dictionaries, JJx '¿Jklj '¿jLkj Akl*xll ^IjkJ^l j^k jlp '¿jJall I^jjI 'jk AllDictionaries.com and Your Dictionary
^¡lxjl*xll jlp JxJ*j* 'kdll ^3lJj '¿^Jk jij lxlp .^jjJiVl l^^jJj jjll '¿jjj^ll Ajjj^kjll Akl^xll 'kj jlx* j ^ljall Ajil£xl jll Ail—l tl^jjkijj l^j^jk Akj^j jl^Vl A?* xll ji Aijkxll
Ax3la AXl£ jp 'kjj jl 'kljll jlxj liAj .Jklj ^aj ji '¿jj*jx
¿aljxl kjljj jll Ail—l ^^L^akj* J£ ji '¿jiljjxll a?1 * xll j Ax3laj Axl^ll o^a l^ja ^Jkj^j* jJll
jj*x ^Lkj ji 'kjll Axl£ ji*x jlp ^^k^lj .'kdll Axl£ jp ^lxjl*x l^j ^jjJiVl jlp (9 Aaj JUxll j^il( ^ljj ^^lkll kjljll jlp 'kljll jaij jl jlxj jj*x a?* x jij
^ ^ ИХ íAJ^IJJVI úl^lj^ll .Ailll Aj^ajll AJJJ*1I .^.j Í^ j^ll
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjauj^ i ^Y iAj^iljjVI t"i1i nlj^Sl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
Advertise on this site
AllDictionaries.com
Search
[ Add Link | New | Popular | Top Rated | Random ]
Links Main Categories
■ Languages (496) ■ Subject (395)
Afrikaans Albanian Arabic Armenian Accounting Advertising Agriculture Architecture
Aymara Azeri Balinese Basque Art Automobiles Aviation Biology
Berber Bulgarian Burmese Cambodian Botany Business Chemistry Computing
Catalan Chechen Cheyenne Chinese Dance Ecommerce Economics Electronics
Croatian Czech Danish Dutch Engineering Environment Finance History
Egyptian English Eskimo Esperanto Insurance Internet Law Medical
Estonian Farsi Finnish French Military Music Mythology Names
Frisian Georgian German Greek Philosophy Photography Religion Sailing
Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Sports Textile Theater
Icelandic Indonesian Irish Italian
Japanese Korean Kurdish Latvian
Lithuanian Macedonian Malagasy Malay
Maltese Manchu Maori Mayan
Mongolian Multilingual Nepalese Newari
Norwegian Polish Portuguese Prussian
Romanian Russian Slovene Somali
Spanish Swahili Swedish Tahitian
Taiwanese Tamil Tatar Thai
Tibetan Turkish Ukrainian Urdu
Uyghur Uzbek Valencian Vietnamese
Yiddish Zulu
There are 891 Links and 119 Categories in our database
All Dictionaries fiâj- ^ f*1*^ ^^ ¿tej^j-Uj c№\ ^ (8)
We found 29 dictionaries that include the word globalization:
One Look®
Dictionary Search
Home About Browse Dictionaries Reverse
Dictionary Customize
Word or phrase:
globalization
Search
Find definitions Find translations * Search all dictionaries Jump to: General, Art, Business, Computing, Medicine, Miscellaneous, Religion,
Science, Slang, Sports, Tech, Phrases
Quick definitions
.iYHl ^ ^ ИХ íAJ^IJJVI AJJJ*J| CiUJ^JI .Aiill 4-pU.Í AJ^JJI AJJJ*J| ^.UJl .^.J Í^ J^JI
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
J.AI И.Р t tA^ljjV! Ajjj*]l ^bljjSl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
globalization : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
globalization : Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, 10th Edition [home, info]
globalization : Cambridge International Dictionary of
English [home, info]
Globalization : Wiktionary [home, info]
globalization : Dictionary.com [home, info]
globalization : UltraLingua English Dictionary [home,
info]
Globalization : Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [home, info]
globalization : Rhymezone [home, info] GLOBALIZATION : CMU Pronouncing [home, info] globalization [Am.] : Dict.cc Englisch/Deutsch Wörterbuch [home, info] globalization : LookWAYup Translating
Dictionary/Thesaurus [home, info]
Globalization : Etymologies & Word Origins [home, info]
---Business (10 matching dictionaries)
Globalization : MoneyGlossary.com [home, info] globalization : INVESTORWORDS [home, info] GLOBALIZATION : Accounting Glossary [home, info] Globalization : AMEX Dictionary of Financial Risk
Management [home, info]
globalization : Chaiban Business Dictionary [home, info] Globalization : Bloomberg Financial Glossary [home, info] Globalization : Deardorffs Glossary of International
Economics [home, info]
Globalization : Investopedia [home, info]
Globalization : Quanto Financial Technology Dictionary
(globalization)
□ noun: growth to a global or worldwide scale (Example: "The globalization of the communication industry")
□ See globalize
Try out OneLook's new
reverse dictionary feature.
.íYHl ^ ^ ИХ íAj^ljjVI AJJJ*J| CiUj^Jl .Ailll A-pUj Aj^ajll Ajjjxll ^.UJl .^.j Í^J^JI
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020
jjauj^ t ^Y iAj^iljjV' t"i1i nlj^Sl
Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
АРАБИСТИКА ЕВРАЗИИ EURASIAN ARABIC STUDIES
LBРАЗИЯ АРАБИСТИНАСЫ
[home, info]
Globalization : Taxopedia [home, info]
---Computing (6 matching dictionaries)
globalization : Netlingo [home, info] globalization : whatis? [home, info]
globalization : Glosario bDco ingl M espaDpara usuarios
de Internet [home, info] Globalization : CNPedia [home, info] globalization : Internet terms and phrases [home, info] Globalization : Windows API Guide [home, info]
---Science (1 matching dictionary)
globalization : Anthropology dictionary [home, info]
(Note: See globalize for more definitions.)
Phrases that include globalization: globalization management system, alter globalization, alternative globalization movement, anti globalization and anti semitism, anti globalization and new anti semitism, more...
Words similar to globalization: globalize, more...
Additional searches for globalization...
OneLook Dictionary 6* (9)
.£Ym ^ ^ ИХ í4j^ljjVI 4jjj*Jl CiUj^Jl .Aiill 4-pU.Í Aj^ajll 4JJJ*J| ^.UJl .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
Ja*j ÄJ^JJXVI JJX ÄiHl AJJIJJJIJ AjplkVl ^JJJ^ ^Jfc^A, ft^ül (2
J*ij Ailll ÄJJIJJIIJ 4-plkVl Ajxäjll ÄJJJ*]| JJJ^J Ijl^ä t^ji ^flljj ^iljxj'jx
.^JkVl ^lilHj jjSLljSl
l^ja jjil^j AjjjlJll Alkjxllx 4*xlkJl jla Ä^ljJ AjkUll j^ajj IxUkj
Ajjilll 1gJj^J ^Jxj Igjx ^^j^lij^l ^Jx JüJkJj ÄJJJ*]| ^JÜJJÜVI A^I * x J
Jx a^I l^x Jqj jl jjl^aiJ jj]| jl*xil j
1. Beech, John R. (2004). Using a dictionary: Its influence on children's reading, spelling, and phonology. Reading Psychology an international quarterly, 25(1), 19-36.
2. Bishop, Graham (1998). Research into the use being made of bilingual dictionaries by language learners. Language Learning Journal, 18, 3-8.
3. Carr, M. (1997). Internet dictionaries and lexicography. International Journal of Lexicography 10(3), 209-221.
4. de Schryver, Gilles-Maurice (2003). Online dictionaries on the internet: An overview for the African languages. Lexikos 13, 1-20
5. Laufer, Batia & Hill, Monica (2000). What lexical information do L2 learners select in a CALL dictionary and how does it affect word retention? ERIC Document No. ED462834.
6. Li Lan (2005). The growing prosperity of on-line dictionaries. English Today, 21, 16-21.
7. McKeown, Margaret G. (1993). Creating effective definitions for young word learners. Reading Research Quarterly, 28(1), 16-31.
8. Nesi, Hilary (ND). Dictionaries on computer: How different markets have created different products. http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/english/chairs/linguist/real/independent/llc/Conference1 998/Papers/Nesi.htm
9. Nesi, Hilary (1987). Do dictionaries help students write? ERIC Document No. ED346742.
10.Safford, Barbara Ripp (2005). Reach for reference: Elementary-middle school science reference collections. School Library Media Activities Monthly, 21(9), 24-25.
11.Storrer, A. & K. Freese. (1996). Wörterbücher im internet. Deutsche Sprache 24, 2, 97-153.
^ ^ ИХ iAj^ljj'VI AJJJ*J| CiUj^Jl .Aiill 4-pU.i AJ^JII AJJJ*J| ^.UJl .^.j j^Jl
Арабистика Евразии, № 12, Декабрь 2020 Eurasian Arabic Studies, № 12, December 2020
12.Winkler, Birgit (2001). English learners' dictionaries on CD-ROM as reference and language learning tools. ReCALL, 13, 191-205.
13.Yin Wa Chan, Alice & Taylor, Andrew (2001). Dictionaries: What the reviews say. International Journal of Lexicography, 14(3), 163-180.
A^lj^l JlJfrl J AASCI Jil ¿alj^l
1. http://lexicons.ajeeb.com
2. http://www.arabicacademy.org.eg/search.asp?sid=1
3. http://basm.kacst.edu.sa/
4. EURODICAUTOM http://www.echo.lu/echo/databases/en/eu92.html
5. OneLook Dictionaries http://www.onelook.com/index.html
6. Your Dictionary: http://www.yourdicationary.com
7. Oxford English Dictionary Online http://www.oed.com
Информация об авторе Information about the uJjJI ¿p ¿.j*.
author
Ph.D., профессор Ph.D., Professor j^Jl ¿mm Lyj. j. I
Рейма Саадо Алъ-Джарф Reima Saado Al-Jarf jjx^ éîLJl
Университет Короля King Saud University ^yjxJl 4£LJl (gJaLjJl
Сауда Riyadh, Kingdom of "' ^ "jy
Эр-Рияд, Королевство Saudi Arabia ",
г, л Л ■ 1 ■ ггл ч reima.al.iarfmgmail.com
Саудовская Аравия [email protected] J
reima. al.jarf@gmail. com
.gJL^Jl L-jjl^aj j ¿yJl ¡jLu <si<it I i-ijLJaj ¿p lJJûSJ!
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure: The author declares Conflicts of Interest Disclosure.
Раскрытие информации о конфликте интересов: Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
.^ ^ ИХ îAJ^IJJ'VI 4JJJ*J CiUJ^JI .Aiîll 4-pU.I Âj^ajJl 4JJJ»J ^.UJl .(X>X>) .^.j j^Jl
