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TECHNICAL SCIENCES
APPLIED ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AN INTERACTIVE MODE FOR INCREASING THE SECURITY OF FUNCTIONING OF CONTROL SYSTEMS OF COMPLICATED OBJECTS Guchuk V.V. (Russian Federation) Email: Guchuk433@scientifictext.ru
Guchuk Vladimir Vsevolodovich - PhD in Engineering, Senior Researcher, LABORATORY OF DYNAMIC INFORMATION-CONTROL SYSTEMS, V.A. TRAPEZNIKOVINSTITUTE OF CONTROL SCIENCES OF RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MOSCOW
Abstract: the article analyzes several important defining aspects of the development of mechanisms for preventing the occurrence of anomalous and emergency situations. The interface of human-operator interaction and software-hardware for monitoring and managing complex dynamic objects is described. The organization of visual support of the logical analysis of the situation by the human-operator on the basis of causal mnemonic schemes is described. The main principles that should guide the creation of such support are given.
Keywords: criterion; adaptation; dynamic parameters; emergency situation; interactive mode.
ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ИНТЕРАКТИВНОГО РЕЖИМА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫМИ ОБЪЕКТАМИ Гучук В.В. (Российская Федерация)
Гучук Владимир Всеволодович - кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория динамических информационно-управляющих систем, Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова Российская академия наук, г. Москва
Аннотация: разработка механизмов предотвращения возникновения нештатных и аварийных ситуаций является одной из важнейших задач при создании высоконадежных интерактивных систем мониторинга и управления сложными научно-техническими объектами. В работе затронуто несколько определяющих аспектов разработки механизмов предотвращения возникновения нештатных и аварийных ситуаций и интерфейсного обустройства взаимодействия человека-оператора и программно-аппаратных средств для таких систем. Описана организация визуальной поддержки логического анализа ситуации человеком-оператором на основе каузальных мнемосхем.
Ключевые слова: критерий, адаптация, динамические параметры, нештатная ситуация, интерактивный режим.
Introduction. The development of mechanisms to prevent the emergence of abnormal and emergency situations is one of the most important tasks in creating highly reliable interactive monitoring and managing systems for complex scientific and technical objects. In many of such objects, the time between the apparent manifestation of the slipping of a controlled object into an abnormal mode and the onset of an uncontrolled development of an accident is so small that the situation can in no be rectified in any way. One way to solve the problem is operative reorganize
in time the management system, namely preemptive criterial adaptation [1]. The processes taking place in the newly developed scientific-technical objects are often not fully studied and not formalized. Therefore, in addition to the appropriate design of control algorithms, it is necessary to ensure the imperative participation of the human-operator in the management process. In order to ensure the effective participation of the human-operator in the monitoring and management process, it is necessary to create a visualization that will give a fairly complete (valid, competent) view of the state of the managed object, and at the same time allow it to adequately perceive the information presented and take informed and correct actions.
Situational-contextual visualization. Based on the extensive bibliography (problem-oriented user interfaces, etc.) and its own many years of experience, the concept and mechanisms of such data presentation are proposed, which is quite complete, but without unnecessary piling up, displays a specific situation and helps the operator sound and effective solutions in the context of the situation that has arisen. The interface that implements this kind of representation will be called a situationally-oriented interface. Of course, all serious research involves the use of high-quality and reasonable visualization. However, in our case, a special emphasis is placed on a representation that enables the most operative solution of the localized problem of developing control actions to curb the growing negative trends, since in practice the slightest delay can lead to an irreversible uncontrolled state. The representation should correspond to the situation created at the current moment. Here, among the use of other conceptual solutions, it is advisable to adhere to a technology that can be called situation-contextual visualization (SCV), or situational-contextual representation of controlled parameters (See Fig. 1). The main sense of such visualization is that the observable parameters unfold in time (dynamic analysis) or with respect to the values of some control parameter (parametric analysis). Moreover, visualization is carried out in the context of some defining integral indicator. This indicator is the base for determining the rollout of the system to an abnormal situation. It also serves as the main reference point for the emergency protection system. This indicator proves to the rollout of the system to an abnormal situation, including the main reference point for an emergency protection system. This indicator is the basis for determining the rollout of the system to an abnormal situation, including the main reference point for an emergency protection system. Such an indicator will be called the potential level of non-standard danger Lped. At the same time, for each specific situation in the "base" visualization zone (that is, in a fairly compact area of the screen that is most comfortable for visual perception), a conglomerate of parameters is formed that includes the actual set of context parameters (that is, parameters directly related to the detected phenomenon of a significant or simply noticeable deviation from the normative or regular functioning of the system) and a fixed set of continuously presented parameters. It is possible to choose the type or method of representing the parameters most appropriate for the current task of describing the situation that has arisen. Possible solutions for the optimal visualization of parameters from the ergonomic point of view are described in [2].
Fig. 1. Example of situational-contextual visualization 19 ■ European science № 1 (33)
Casual mnemonic schemes. It is necessary to ensure the effective participation of the human-operator in the monitoring and management process by applying such visualization that gives a fairly complete (reliable, competent) view of the state of the managed object and at the same time allows the person to adequately perceive the information provided and take the right actions. One of the visual support tools that can help a human-operator to quickly assess the situation are mnemonic schemes. Construction of mnemonic diagram is based on the principles developed in the process of long-term practice of their application. It is also common that the mnemonic diagrams should reflect both the general picture of the state of the system, the technological process, and the state of individual aggregates, devices, parameter values, and so on. A new class of representations is proposed in [3] causal mnemonic schemes, which expand the possibilities of ordinary mnemonic schemes. Causal mnemonics are exactly the tools that give the possibility to a human-operator to obtain a full and detailed view of the state of a managed object, to reveal the root cause of the occurrence of an abnormal situation, to assess the scale of the event and to determine the possibility of its localization, and to take deliberate actions to prevent the development of an abnormal or emergency situation.
Causal mnemonic schemes are designed to display: - the relationship of processes occurring in the system; - a causal picture of the observed events; - interrelated reactions of subsystems to control actions; - mapping the dynamics of the distribution of the tension of nodes and aggregates and so on. Causal mnemonic schemes can be used as a tool for organizing a counter logical-hierarchical analysis of the situation proposed in [4]. Fig. 2 illustrates this type of representation.
Fig. 2. Generalized causal mnemonic for visual support of the counter logical-hierarchical analysis
The article analyzes several important defining aspects of the development of mechanisms for preventing the occurrence of anomalous and emergency situations. The technologies offered in the work were developed using the experience of their preliminary use in the design of the software control system and interactive control of the stand for testing complex scientific-technical objects [4].
References in English / Список литературы на английском языке
1. Guchuk V.V. "Interface arrangement of making managerial decisions when testing complex scientific and technical objects," Proceeding of the International Conference "Information Technologies for Intelligent Decision Making Support". Ufa: USATU, 2014. Vol. 1. P. 118-124.
2. Guchuk V.V. "Ergonomic aspects of visualization of information parameters in control and management systems," Actual problems of the humanities and natural sciences. Moscow: Scientific Information Publishing Center, 2015. № 2. P. 81-84.
3. Guchuk V.V. "Methodology for the development of causal mnemonic schemes for interactive monitoring and control systems," European science. № 12. Ivanovo: Olimp, 2016. P. 9-11.
4. Guchuk V.V. "Designing a human-machine interface for testing systems of complex scientific and technical objects," Actual problems of the humanities and natural sciences. Moscow: Scientific Information Publishing Center, 2014. № 12. P. 68-75.
References / Список литературы
1. Гучук В.В. Интерфейсное обустройство принятия управленческих решений при испытании сложных научно-технических объектов // Труды второй международной конференции «Информационные технологии интеллектуального принятия решений». Изд-во: УГАТУ, 2014. Том 1. С. 118-124.
2. Гучук В.В. Эргономические аспекты визуализации информационных параметров в системах контроля и управления // Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных и естественных наук, 2015. № 2. С. 81-84.
3. Гучук В.В. Методология разработки каузальных мнемосхем для интерактивных систем контроля и управления // European science, 2016. № 12 (22). С. 9-11.
4. Гучук В.В. Проектирование человеко-машинного интерфейса для систем испытания сложных научно-технических объектов // Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных и естественных наук, 2014. № 12. С. 68-75.
