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http://www.rudmet.ru/journal/1758/article/30103/
APPLICATION OF THE DEVICE FOR RECEIVING AND TRANSFER OF SEEDS IN THE TECHNOLOGY FOR PREPARATION OF LOWERED SEEDS AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE _BASIC PARAMETERS_
DOI: 10.31618/ESU.2413-9335.2020.3.74.749 Djamolov Rustam Kamolidinovich
c.t.s, scientific senior employ of "Pakhtasanoat Ilmiy Markazi" JSC,
Uzbekistan
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the development of technology for the preparation of pubescent sowing seeds, based on the effectiveness of the development of a device for receiving and transferring pubescent seeds and its application in technology. The results of determining the optimal size of the device for receiving and transmitting pubescent seeds by the method of mathematical planning of experiments are presented.
As a result of determining the optimal size of the pubescent seed receiving and transmitting device (UPS) by the method of mathematical planning of experiments, the pitch of the screw conveyor is 165 mm, the rotation speed of the screw conveyor is 20 rpm, the guide-adjuster and the distance between the screws were 50 mm.
Keywords. Pubescent seeds, technology, device, UPS, reception and transmission, mathematical planning, screw conveyor, rotation speed, experiment.
Introduction. One of the factors in boosting the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is to increase the efficiency of cotton growing, increase the volume and quality of products from raw cotton.
In doing so, cotton seed and seed quality are of great importance.
Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan are sown mainly 2 types of seeds - hairy and dehydrated seeds. Quality indicators of these seeds UzDSt 663: 2017 "Seeds. Specifications "standard.
Seed preparation shops ensure that the seeds meet the standard requirements.
The ginneries of Uzpakhtasanoat JSC had 118 treatment and 50 seed decontamination shops. The large number of workshops did not allow the use of modern, high-performance equipment with low labor costs.
The placement of the seeds in the sacks was done by hand, the amount of seeds in the sacks was determined by "eye", and the mouths of the sacks were sewn by hand with poor quality, resulting in the loss of seed material.
In order to ensure the implementation of the Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 604 of December 23, 2004 and No.
4 of January 5, 2005, the technology and equipment of existing seed production workshops were re-analyzed. In these workshops, there is a mismatch between the existing seed sorting equipment and the treatment equipment, or the low productivity of the sorting equipment, the lack of mechanized transfer of seeds to the technology, ie manual execution, low quality of sorting machines, quality and appearance (design). incomplete compliance with modern requirements, visual determination of the amount of drug in the process of treatment, etc. confirmed the presence of deficiencies.
Current status and analysis of the problem under consideration. Hairy seed seed preparation technology involves the following basic processes: cleaning the seed from contaminants, sorting, curing, and placing it in paper bags.
Previously (until 1995), these processes were carried out using the simplest equipment, mainly manual labor. Seeds are transferred to the production of seeds by hand, using a shovel. This has led to a decrease in the efficiency of the machines without ensuring the uniform delivery of seeds to the sorting machines [1].
The hairy seeds were first placed at the beginning of the technological process with a manual shovel on
the auger 1, which was passed to the USM-A seed cleaning unit 2 for cleaning the auger seeds (Fig. 1).
1-haired seed bunch, 2-seed screw, 3-cleaning machine USM-A, 4-seed sorter SPS, 5-fan VTs-8, 6-cyclone TsP-3, 7-elevator, 8-dispenser, 9- drug suspension tank, 10 - fan UVTS-22,
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the sequence of technological equipment for the preparation of seeds, which
existed until 1995.
The seeds from the USM-A cleaning machine 3 were passed to the SPS seed sorting unit 4, which was sorted in a horizontal air stream using fans 5 and 10. The selected seeds were passed through an elevator 7 to a screw feeder 8 for treatment. The seeds treated in the bag were placed in three-ply paper bags, and the necks of the bags were sewn by hand by the operator.
The working efficiency of USM-A feather seed cleaning machine is not more than 7500 kg / h, the efficiency of cleaning from fine contaminants is 2025%. The operating efficiency of the hair seed sorting equipment installed on the next line of technology (SPS) is 4000-6500 kg / h. Seed augers were used for the dosing process and the drug suspension was visually adjusted, resulting in many cases of drug
overdose and seed moisture content exceeding the standard requirement.
Since 1995, the equipment equipped with a mechanical seed cleaner (MCS) of the hairy seed sorting unit (CHSA) has been introduced into the industry [2, 3]. With the introduction of these aggregates, there was an opportunity for additional mechanical cleaning of seeds, which significantly increased their quality. At the same time, additional tools were reduced, such as fans and elevators, which allowed to reduce the energy consumption of the equipment by 30-40%, reducing mechanical damage to the seeds. The sequence diagram of this technology is shown in Figure 2.
4 11
1-feather seed pile, 2- auger, 3- ChSA seed sorting unit; 4- mechanical seed cleaner MChT; 5-technical fraction auger, 6-fan VTS-8, 7-cyclone TSP-3, 8-drug suspension tank, 9-screw auger; 10-tin sewing machine, 11-technical fraction transmission screw.
Figure 2. Scheme ofplacement of technological equipment for the preparation of hairy seeds,
available in 1995-2005.
Although attention has been paid to sorting and decontamination at every stage of the development of the technology, the transfer of hairy seeds to the technology in a flat, defined manner remains a problem.
As a result of studying the technologies and equipment developed in Uzbekistan and abroad, especially the vehicles and sorting and calibration equipment installed in them, as well as their operation and deficiencies, the principle system of technological processes and equipment for the production of hairy seeds suitable for the conditions of the Republic Developed by the staff of the Seed Preparation Laboratory of JSC in the presence of the author (Fig. 3) [4, 5].
The main criteria for assessing seed quality in the preparation of hairy seeds are: achievement of high germination, achievement of germination capacity, reduction of contamination and mechanical damage to the seed, compliance with standard requirements. Studies by many scientists [6, 7, 8, 9] have shown that the first sorting of seeds by specific gravity and then sorting by size leads to an increase in seed quality.
Modern technology of seed production, developed according to the above criteria, includes the following processes and equipment:
-receipt and transfer of hairy seeds for production, pneumatic cleaning and sorting of seeds from contaminants, leveling with fluff reduction, pneumo-mechanical cleaning, temporary collection, treatment and packaging of seeds (Fig. 3).
In order to ensure the recommended productivity of the plant, a newly developed UPS seed receiving-transmission device was introduced into the technological process [10, 11, 12]. UPS reception, installation of a standard transmission device, mechanical damage to the seed caused by scattering of seeds in the process are prevented, and the transfer of seeds to production is carried out at a constant rate of productivity.
In order to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the hair seed preparation shop, two BDOS bunker-dosing units are installed in the shop for temporary collection of cleaned and sorted seeds and their normal transfer to treatment [13, 14]. This ensures that the treatment process runs at high productivity.
14 13 12
1- UPS hairy seed receiving and transmitting device; 2- ChSA aggregates; 3-MHT mechanical seed cleaner (included in the set of ChSA units); 4- cyclone; 5- feather seed sorting and cleaning machine; 6- BDOS bunker dispenser; 7- seed treatment machine; 8- aspiration device for air purification; 9- seed measuring device; 10 bag sewing machine; 11- elevator; 12- 5LP linters; 13-assembly screw conveyor;
14- distribution screw conveyor.
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the installation of a system of technological equipment in a modern feather seed preparation shop.
In order not to increase the degree of mechanical damage to hairy seeds obtained from processing at ginneries according to the newly developed technological regulations for the initial processing of seed cotton, the degree of hair loss of lintered seeds should not exceed 9%, mechanical damage should not exceed 1.8%. . However, the high level of hairiness increases its sorting, cleaning error, and during sowing, the sowing machine gets stuck in the working parts and causes clogging. Therefore, in order to further linter the high-haired seeds and reduce the hair residue (up to 12%) in the technological sequence process, two 5LP sawed linters were installed.
Lintered seeds are sent for pneumomechanical cleaning and sorting. There is a machine L-JS-4 / L of the Spanish company "Jubus", which performs cleaning and sorting 4 times, ie using the first air, twice through a sieve and again using air.
The treatment process is carried out in the Spanish firm Jubus D-2-VH [15, 16, 17].
The treated seeds are covered in the amount specified in the measuring device (for example, the measuring device of the Spanish firm Jubus B-JS-10 / S).
The placement of process equipment and machinery in the sequence in Figure 3 above allowed the system to be set to a working capacity of 3.0 tn / h to 4.0 tn / h.
A schematic of the seed receiving and processing transmission device has been developed to ensure the continuous operation of the equipment in the system and the ability to unload the seed from the side-mounted trailer 2PTS-4-793 (Figure 4). The device is equipped with a screw conveyor 4 to transfer to it the production of spilled hair seeds. As the screws rotate, it directs the seed mass to production at an adjustable working capacity of up to 6 tons per hour.
1-set, 2-platform, 3-adjusting screw mechanism, 4-screw conveyor, 5-rack, 6-guide-adjuster, 7-9-10-11-boardpart, 8-protective barrier grille. S- is the distance between the guide-adjuster and the screw; L- screw step. Figure 4. Hairy seed receiving-transmission UPS device.
The length of the working zone of the hairy seed receiving-transfer device was equal to the length of the trailer to prevent the seeds from being dumped in the hopper from spilling on the ground and was taken as L = 4800 mm. Taking into account the consumption of 5 tons of hairy seeds per trailer, the capacity for the device bunker was 16m3, knowing that the capacity of free-shedding hairy seeds is 280-320 kg / m3. The angle of inclination of the two side boards along the length of the platform relative to the horizontal plane is determined by the angle of inclination of the board with respect to the horizontal plane. = 600 was selected.
At the bottom of the platform 2 are mounted two screw conveyors (augers) 4, seed drill string 5, a screw mechanism 3 with a guide-adjuster 6 with a screw mechanism 3 on the platform frame, the set 1, boards 9, 7, 10, 11 a protective barrier 8 is mounted on the top of the screw conveyors to ensure that the weight of the seed spilled on the platform does not put pressure on the screw conveyor and ensures the safety of the workers working.
As the UPS is a new device, there have been no previous scientific studies on it, and there have been problems in the normal transmission of spilled seed to
production, while there have been no problems in receiving the seed from the trailer during operation. Tests were carried out by setting the number of screw conveyors from 1 to 3. As a result, it was found expedient to take the number of conveyors as 2.
Problem statement. Substantiation of the optimal dimensions of the UPS device in order to ensure the continuous transmission of seeds to the sorting unit ChSA at the specified rates, including:
-screw pitch of screw conveyor;
- rotation speed of the screw conveyor;
- the width of the seed hole from the platform, ie the distance between the guide-adjuster and the screw.
Solution methods. The optimal size of the UPS hairy seed receiving and transmitting device is determined by a mathematical planning method, in which the experiments used the multifactor PLANEXP-2 second-order V3 planning method [18,19]. In this case, the number of experiments is 14, the number of returns is 3 and the number of factors is 3.
The results of the experiment, using computer applications, resulted in the initial processing of
regression equations that adequately describe all the output parameters of the seed transfer process.
The problem of optimizing the optimal performance of the device was solved using EXCEL software and using a random search method.
Result analysis and examples. As a criterion for assessing the quality of seed transmission to the technological stage, the increase in mechanical damage of the seed transmitted from the device U1 and work
productivity U2 were obtained. The main factors influencing the established criteria are: screw conveyor pitch h, screw conveyor rotation speed V, guide-adjuster and screw spacing S.
Based on preliminary experiments, the step and range of factors affecting seed transmission quality are given in Table 1. A photograph of the process device is shown in Figure 5.
1-UPS type hair seed receiving and transmitting device, 2-ChSA type seed sorting unit. Figure 5. Photo of hairy seed preparation technology.
Table 1
Factor range and their steps
№ Factors Measurement unit Determination of factors Step Computational range of factors
straight Coded -1 0 +1
1 Screw conveyor step mm h Х1 20 140 160 180
2 The rotational speed of the screw conveyor turnover / min V Х2 5 15 20 25
3 The distance between the guide-adjuster and the screw. mm S Х3 20 30 50 70
The results of experiments conducted on the basis regression equations were obtained using computer of the specified method of planning V3, the following applications:
-increased mechanical damage to the seed.
Yi = 0.244 + 0.061 X2 - 0.063 X3 + 0.070 X12 - 0.039 X1X2 - 0.036 X1X3 + 0.073 X22 +0.065 X32.
-performance of the device.
Y2 = 4136.666 + 255.833 X1 +975.500 X2 +538.500 X3- 528.166 X12 + 39.583 X1X2 + 121.250 X2X3.
n checking the conformity of the obtained mathematical models, the satisfaction of the conformity condition was determined by comparing the calculated Fisher criteria and the table [20].
The issue of optimization was discussed in Excel in order to determine the optimal size of the device.
Boundary conditions:
U1 - increase in mechanical damage to the seed, less than 0.5% rest;
U2 - the operating capacity of the device is 4000 kg / h.
The conditional optimization problem was solved applications, and the following optimal solutions were using a random search method and modern computer obtained (Table 2):
Table 2
The result of optimizing the mathematical model
Factors Xi X2 X3
Coded 0,215447 -0,15819 -0,02234
Natural 164,3089 19,20903 49,5532
Generalized 165 20 50
Thus, according to the results of the research, the screw conveyor pitch is 165 mm, the rotation speed of the screw conveyor is 20 rpm, the distance between the guide-adjuster and the screw is 50 mm.
Conclusion. As a result of studying the operation of technologies and equipment for seed production, its shortcomings, a technological system for the production of hairy seeds suitable for the conditions of the Republic has been developed. The optimal size of the UPS device recommended to the system was based on the normal transmission of the hairy seed to the technology.
The optimum dimensions of the hair seed seed receiving and transmitting device (UPS) were determined by mathematical planning method, resulting in a screw conveyor pitch of 165 mm, a screw conveyor rotation speed of 20 rpm, and a guide-adjuster and screw spacing of 50 mm.
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