CC BY
8Received by the Editor 27.11.2020
IRSTI 76.31.31
APPLICATION OF ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM IN FOLK AND SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE
A. Atimtaikyzy, N. Iztileu, S. Kilibassova, N. Makhmud
NcJSC «Astana Medical University», Nur-Sultan city, Kazakhstan
The purpose of this work is to determine the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the domestic Onopordum acanthium using foreign experience. In the course of work, the analysis was based on research experiments and articles. It has been established that Onopordum acanthium is widely used in folk and modern scientific medicine. A review of scientific articles has shown that Onopordum acanthium has many medicinal properties, but is not well understood.
Keywords: onopordum, traditional medicine, herba, Onopordum acanthium.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТАТАРНИКА КОЛЮЧЕГО В НАРОДНОЙ И НАУЧНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ
Атимтайкызы А., 1зтшеу Н.С., Килибасова С.М. , Махмуд Н.С.
НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», г.Нур-Султан, Казахстан
Целью данной работы является определение химического состава и фармакологических свойств отечественного Татарника колючого с использованием зарубежного опыта. В ходе работы анализ опирался на исследовательские эксперименты и статьи. Установлено, что Татарник колючий широко применяется в народной и современной научной медицине. Обзор научных статей показал, что Onopordum acanthium обладает множеством лечебных свойств, но еще недостаточно изучен.
Ключевые слова: татарник, народная медицина, трава, Onopordum acanthium.
Т1КЕНД1 ШАГЫРТ1КЕНД1 ХАЛЬЩТЬЩ ЖЭНЕ ГЫЛЫМИ МЕДИЦИНАДА ЦОЛДАНЫЛУЫ
Атимтайкызы А., 1зтшеу Н.С., Килибасова С.М., Махмуд Н.С.
«Астана медицина университет!» КеАК, Нур-Султанк., ^азакстан
Жумыстыц максаты шет елдш тэшрибеш пайдалана отырып отандык Тiкендi шагыртженнщ химиялы; курамы мен фармакологиялык касиеттерш аныктау. Жумыс барысында гылыми зерттеулер жYргiзiлген тэжiрибелер жэне макалаларга суйене отырып талдау жасалынды. Тiкендi шаFыртiкеннщ халыктык жэне казiргi гылыми медицинада кенiнен колданылатын аныкталды. Fылыми макалаларды шолу Onopordum acanthium кептеген терапевтiк касиеттердi камтитынын, бiрак элi кунге дейiн жаксы зерттелмегендiгiн кврсеттi.
Тушнд1 свздер: тiкендi шаFыртiкен, халыктык медицина, шеп, Onopordum acanthium.
Introduction
The genus Onopordum includes about 50 species. Translated from the Greek "onos" - donkey," pordon " - waverer. Onopordum acanthium is a biennial herb with a height of up to 2 meters. The stems are winged up to the top, the width of the wings is 1.5 cm, notched, with wide-triangular prickly blades and large strong yellow spines. The leaves are oblong, alternate, and equipped with spines. The lower leaves are oblong-or wide-ovate, narrowed into a petiole, and the upper leaves are ovate-lanceolate, sessile. The leaf blade is grayish-cobwebby on both sides, especially below, or almost glabrous, with a network of thickened veins. The flowers are purple-purple, rarely pink, collected in oval-spherical large baskets (2-4 cm. in diameter). Fruits-achenes are glabrous.
Objects and methods of research
The object of the study was a representative of the genus Onopordum (Asteraceae). Onopordum Acanthium L. was collected during flowering in the shchuchinsko-Borovsky resort area. The analysis of literary data about the Onopordum acanthium was carried out using the search engines Google
Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, eLIBRARY databases, researchgate, Mendeley, and other scientific social networks.Academia.edu.
Results and discussion
It grows in weeds, deposits, sand, like a weed, in open places in gorges, on the slopes of mountains.
Distribution in Kazakhstan. Found in the Tarbagatai, and Mangyshlak, Muyun Kum, near Balkhash lake, Zailiyskiy, Kungey and Dzhungar Alatau, Ketmen, Chu-ili mountains Karatau.
Area. The Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, Central Asia, Western China, Central and Atlantic Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, Armenia, the Mediterranean, Iran, and Afghanistan. In folk medicine of Central Asian countries, Onopordum leaves are used as an astringent, hemostatic and diuretic [1].
In Russian folk medicine, a decoction of the herb Onopordum is used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, cardioneurosis, as an anti-cancer agent for uterine tumors, tetanus. Its juice is used externally for lichen, scabies.
In the Bulgarian folk medicine, Thistle is used as a tonic and stimulating means. When cystitis is prescribed hot infusion of herbs (1 teaspoon per glass) or grass powder 1 teaspoon 3 times a day. Herbal decoctions are also used for coughs, bronchial asthma, neuroses, hemorrhoids, and malignant tumors [1].
In traditional medicine of the Mediterranean countries, the herb Onopordum is used to treat colds and fever [2].
In Arabic folk medicine, Onopordum is considered an effective anti-cancer agent [3]. Clinical studies have shown that Tartar leaves in small doses excite the nervous system, increase blood PRESSURE, increase diuresis, and have a bactericidal effect. Plant extracts have pronounced antioxidant properties [3,4]. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Onopordum acanthium have been determined [5-8]. Antibacterial properties of alcohol extracts of the plant were noted [9]. Positive results were obtained with external application of grass juice for boils. In scientific medicine in some countries, water infusion of herbs is used as an anti-cancer agent in the postoperative period, for a number of malignant tumors. The antiproliferative properties of Onopordum extracts were determined experimentally [10-13].
Information about the chemical composition of the aboveground part and roots of the tatarnik was found barbed. A number of phytochemical studies were accompanied by pharmacological tests. Flavonoids were found in different parts of the plant ((derivatives of luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, eriodictiol, anthocyanins cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside) [14-17], lignans (Pino -, Medio -, syringarezinol, arctiin, silybin, nitidanina diisovalerianate) [18,19], phenylpropanoids (caffeic, chlorogenic acids) [20], coumarins (esculin, esculetin) [14].
Data on the content of sesquiterpene lactones of guaianolide groups were obtained,germacranolides, elemanolides [18,21], as well as iridoids [22], triterpene alcohols and their esters [11,13]. Polyacetylenes [3] and steroid compounds [12,23] were found in the roots. The composition of fatty seed oil has also been studied [24]. The fatty oil contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Tocopherols, lignans, phenylpropanoids, triterpene alcohols, and steroids.
In vitro experiments studied antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, Lajter I., Pam S. P., Nikles S. et al. (Hungary, 2014) studied the anti-inflammatory activity of lignans, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones from the aboveground part and roots of prickly pear on various targets: the effect on the expression of COX-2 and nuclear factor Kappa B1 (Nfkb1), inhibition of the production of NO, LOG-5, COX-1, and COX-2. The highest activity was shown by hexane extract of grass as a COX-2 inhibitor (82.8%), chloroform extract as a NO - synthase inhibitor (76.7%), watermethanol extract as a LOG - 5 inhibitor (31,2%); for root extracts, the result was obtained: n- hexane extract as a COX-2 inhibitor (86,5%), chloroform extract as a LOG - 5 inhibitor (56,7%), watermethanol extract extract - log-5 inhibitor (59,7%). The following effects were found for individual compounds: pinoresinol-NO-synthase inhibitor (43,13%), medioresinol - COX-1 inhibitor (16,2%), LOG-5 inhibitors -syringarezinol (28,5%), hispidulin (51,6%), nepetin (62,4%), apigenin (41,3%), luteolin (74,6%). In the roots: NO-synthase inhibitors - 4p,15-dihydro-3-dehydrozaluzanin
C (100,4%), zaluzanin C (99,4%), 4ß,15,11 ß,13-tetrahydrozaluzanin C (61,4%); inhibitors LOG-5 -nitidanin diisovalerianate (16,1%), 13-oxo-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (20,4%); Cox inhibitor-2 -24-methylencholesterol (36,4%) [18,25].
The in silico method was used to determine the hypotensive effect of a new compound from achenes of Onopordum acanthium - (E) -1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1 H-isochromen-7-yl 3- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate. Molecular docking was performed in AutoDock4.2.
Structures of ACE (C, N) subunits from the RCSB database were used as targets. Protein Data Bank (www.pdb.org). The minimum energy values were obtained interaction between the ligand and the target, which indicates the activity of the obtained compounds in relation to ACE [26].
Antitumor activity was studied on several cell cultures, including cell cultures: HeLa (epithelial adenocarcinoma of the cervix), A431 (epithelial carcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) by MTT (staining of living cells that produce formazan). Water, hexane, chloroform, and water-methanol extracts of flowers/fruits, leaves, and roots of prickly Tartarus were studied. Chloroform extracts (30 mcg/ml) of leaves (HeLa: IC50 6,53 mcg/ml, MCF7: IC50 6,39 mcg/ml, A431: IC50 4,54 mcg/ml) and roots (HeLa: IC50 6,11 mcg/ml, MCF7: IC50 4,39 mcg/ml, A431: IC50 10,32 mcg/ml) showed the highest activity [27,28]. The activity of Onopordum extracts is associated with the effect on the apoptosis enzymes caspase-3 and caspase-9. Antiproliferative properties of sesquiterpene lactones from Artemisia asiatica grass and onopordum acanthium roots were tested on HL-60 cell culture (human promyelocytic leukemic cells). For the compound 4ß, 15-dihydro-3-dehydrozalusanin C, an inhibitory IC50 concentration of 3,6 microns was obtained [7,28,29].
Conclusions
In this review, we have summarized the available data on the results of research work on the Onopordum acanthium. In the course of our research, we reviewed and studied about 30 scientific articles. This will contribute to further in-depth study of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the domestic species Onopordum acanthium.
A review of scientific articles shows that Onopordum acanthium includes many therapeutic properties, but they are still insufficiently studied.
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