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APPLICATION OF MODERN MONITORING SYSTEMS IN MINI HYDROPOWER PLANTS
Nikola P. Zegarac
Serbian Academy of Inventors and Scientists, Belgrade,
Republic of Serbia
e-mail: zegaracnikola@vektor.net
ORCID iD: ©http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-8184,
DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg64-9936
FIELD: energy, mechanical engineering, electronics ARTICLE TYPE: professional paper ARTICLE LANGUAGE: English
Abstract:
The paper describes the application of modern monitoring systems in mini hydropower plants. Nowadays, special attention is paid to maintaining existing systems, as well as to the construction and installation of new mini hydropower plants. Mini hydropower plants are incorporated into power supply networks. They are very important for electricity production, as well as for the maintenance of power supply systems. New monitoring systems that allow continuous monitoring and supervision of technical correctness of mini hydropower plants have been implemented. Moreover, monitoring systems prevent damage to the system in case of major breakdowns and failures. Maintenance and overhaul are performed depending on real needs and technical conditions of hydropower plants. Modern equipment of renowned manufacturers, personal experience and knowledge of many co-workers have been used in this project realisation.
Key words: mini hydropower plants, modern monitoring systems, technical correctness, diagnostic parameters, diagnostic methods, system vibrations, devices, equipment.
Introduction
Modern monitoring systems in mechanical installations have a primary goal to timely react in order to prevent damage to mechanical assemblies or complete installations. Monitoring systems available on the market have broad applications: they can be used for internal combustion engines, hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants, gas turbines, turbine systems in the process industry, reciprocating compressors, shipbuilding industry, cement factories, machine tools and for all other
systems with installed slide and roller bearings, gears and other machine elements. The end user is offered a complete solution for monitoring mechanical systems without dismantling, and only in some installations partial disassembling is necessary in order to install a monitoring system (Zegarac, 1993). Monitoring systems allow fast and reliable measurement of the size of the gap in sliding and rolling bearings, measurement of vibration parameters and powerful vibration analyses as well as the measurement of speed, measurement of temperature of lubricating oils and coolants, lubricating oil analysis, and the positioning of the upper dead point in internal combustion engines. Since they are multichannel systems, a large number of diagnostic parameters can be monitored and measured.
The Electrical Industry Montenegro (EPCG) was offered two conceptions of monitoring systems (Zegarac, 2005a), (Zegarac, 2005b):
1. ON-line monitoring systems for continuous measurement and technical condition analyses. Measuring sensors (encoders) and measuring systems are installed into mechanical installations.
2. OFF-line monitoring systems are intended for periodic evaluation and analyses of the technical condition of machinery. Some sensors are permanently built into systems, depending on measured values, while other sensors are built into monitoring system portable parts for periodic measurements.
ON-line monitoring systems were chosen as a better solution.
The concept and definition of mini hydropower plants
Literature offers many definitions of small hydropower plants (SHPs). It is very difficult to find two countries with identical classification systems. The basic parameters that should be used in the classification of SHPs include (Zegarac, 2005b):
- Installed power of hydro units,
- Aggregate type in relation to the turbine, and the method of operation,
- Rpm (revolution per minute),
- Operation in relation to the overall energy system
- Installed head, etc.
Depending on turbine power, there are micro turbines (power up to 100 KW), mini turbine power systems up to 1 MW and small or medium-sized turbines up to 10 MW. Also, regarding available power and head, there are the following SHPs types (Table 1).
Table 1 - Types of mini hydropower plants Таблица 1 - Виды мини-ГЭС Tabela 1 - Vrste mini-hidroelektrana
Type HPPs Power (KW) Head (m) small Head (m) middle Head (m) large
Micro HPPs do 50 below 15 15-50 over 50
Mini HPPs 50-500 below 20 20-100 over 100
Small HPPs 500-5000 below 25 over 130
The MHPs division according to available head is accepted in most countries which define equipment in accordance with the installed head. So, for example, a number of manufacturers of electro-mechanical equipment in the United States produce standardized aggregates that include a turbine, synchronous generator with an automatic control system, inlet valves, and a control panel for a maximum head of 15 m and a power of 10 to 5000 KW.
MHPs are further divided:
a) Depending on the procedure:
- Flow with side grip from the main watercourse
- With the reservoir-dam, with daily, weekly, annual or perennial smoothing,
b) Depending on the flow regulation:
- MHPs with adjustable flow control at the turbine inlet (manual or automatic control)
- MHPs with a constant flow rate, either because of the actual nature of the load or due to destruction of excess energy,
c) Depending on the network and operation mode:
- Isolated power plants - independent operation,
- Plants connected to the network-parallel operation,
- Power plants operating under the regime of on ±, off ±
- Plants with one, two or more units,
- Plants that operate if necessary, depending on consumption,
d) Depending on the installed capacity of hydropower:
- Pocket hydro electric power plants to 20 KW,
- Small HPPs from 0.5 to 1 MW,
- Small hydro power plants from 1 to 3 MW
- Medium HPPs from 3 to 10 MW,
- Large HPPs over 10 MW,
Advantages and disadvantages of MHPs
The advantages of building MHPs in relation to the construction of other energy sources are numerous:
- Compared to large hydropower plants, there is neither flooding of wide areas (in order to provide space for water accumulation) nor disrupting of local ecological systems,
- They can provide land irrigation, water supply to surrounding villages, construction of ponds and flood protection,
- They reduce investments for electrification of remote settlements from the general electricity grid so that the electrification of these rural settlements can contribute to their development,
- They are exploited with very low material costs,
- Their operation life is very long, practically unlimited; the average life is 30 years, although there have been MHPs in operation for 80 years.
As energy sources, mini hydropower plants, compared to other similar sources, have drawbacks such as:
- High investment costs per installed KW,
- High research costs relative to total investment,
- Exploitation depends on existing resources,
- They require an integrated water supply system solution, where systems for water supply and irrigation have priority; therefore, MHPs must work with installed flow determined with respect to other consumers,
- If they operate autonomously, production of electric power depends on consumption, so the surplus remains unused.
Design and implementation of modern monitoring systems in mini hydropower plants
The requests to implement modern monitoring systems in mini hydropower plants within the Electrical Industry Montenegro (EPCG) were justified (Zegarac, Zuber, 2002, 2004, 2005).
An ON-line monitoring system was selected for the implementation(Zegarac, 2005).
The delivery and installation of the monitoring system equipment and devices were carried out by renowned international companies:
1. 01 dB - Metravib, a member of the AREVA corporation, Lyon, France - equipment and software for noise and vibration,
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2. Damalini AB, Sweden - laser alignment systems and laser geometric measurement systems,
3. Metrix USA, Low - cost systems for monitoring and protection of rotating systems,
4. CTC, USA - accelerometers and velocimeters with a lifetime warranty!
5. Guide InfraRed, China - thermal imaging cameras and monitoring systems,
6. VMI AB - Systems for dynamic balancing,
7. Technical Development Center (TRCpro) - Novi Sad, exclusive agent of the given companies.
The system of the permanent monitoring of temperature and vibrations in the MHP Savnik
A modern monitoring system for two hydro units in the MHP Savnik was designed. The hydro units are in the same room. The power of each aggregate is 100 KVA.
The monitoring system consists of:
-TRC PLC-based system,
- purpose-designed solution Areva 01dB-Metravib: MVX Oneprod in the eight-channel variant and Vio software.
The TRCpro PLC-based system for monitoring the state of turbines based on the RMS level of vibrations and temperature.
Description of the system
The system for protecting turbines from failure and damage is based on the measurement and monitoring of a large number of mechanical parameters of the plant. The measured and monitored values are the following ones:
- level of vibrations on the bearings (Vrms)
- temperature of the critical pump bearings,
- turbine speed,
- output electrical parameters of the generator.
These parameters directly or indirectly help in detecting irregularities in operation and in protecting plants from more possible errors. The protection system is designed to:
- prevent overheating of the turbine bearings and their damage,
- detect turbine rotor imbalance and prevent operation in conditions of high vibration levels.
Table 2 - Configuration of the monitoring system of a mini hydropower plant Таблица 2 - Конфигурация системы мониторинга мини-ГЭС Tabela 2 - Konfiguracija monitoring sistema mini-hidroelektrane
No Pieces Description
1. 6 CTC 200-1R, one axial sensors for measuring the vibration level on the bearings, Vrms, the range of 65 mm / sec, loop powered 4-20mA output
2. 6 PT100 sensors for measuring temperature of the bearings
3. 1 Acquisition and control system TRC VZ-D, which consists of: -CPU / PLC module - Analog input units (16 channels) - Digital input unit 8 x IN - Relay output unit 4 x OUT - HMI panel 5.7 "color touch panel - Purpose-designed firmware
4. 1 Communication GSM modem for sending an SMS alarm
5. 1 System installation, commissioning, operator training to work with systems
The Oneprod MVX protection system and Vio software for condition monitoring and turbine protection based on the RMS level of vibrations and temperature.
Description of the designed system
Figure 1 - Monitoring system OneproD - MVX Рис. 1 - Системы мониторинга OneproD - MVX Slika 1 - Monitoring sistem OneproD - MVX
The Oneprod-MVP is a modular monitoring system in 8, 16, 24 and 32-channel versions, shown in Fig. 1. Its superior possibility of simultaneous acquisition on all channels, combined with the programming of different operating modes and defining of alert thresholds for each operating mode make the system an extremely powerful solution for monitoring and on-line diagnostics of all complex rotating machines.
(йот)
The Oneprod-MVX allows acceptance of all types of vibration sensors (accelerometers, velocity sensors, proximity probes for monitoring relative vibrations in the hydrodynamic sliding bearings) as well as the process inputs. The Oneprod-MVX includes a large number of different onboard (analysis in the measuring system itself - neither download to a PC is required nor postprocessing calculations of vibration parameters) processing procedures applicable through various techniques of monitoring and technical diagnostics of rolling and sliding bearings: summary levels (RMS, Peak, Peak to Peak), narrowband parameters (Narrow Band), broadband parameters (Broad Band), Kurtosis parameter, Defect factor of bearings, Smax, frequency spectra, time records, zoomed spectra, and envelop spectra. The recorder module enables recording long signals for a subsequent analysis of the harmonic lines (recording turbine starting and deceleration) of the installed system (shown in Fig. 2).
Figure 2 - Built-in monitoring system for the protection of mini hydropower plants Рис. 2 - Встроенная защитная система мониторинга для мини-ГЭС Slika 2 - Ugradeni monitoring sistem za zastitu mini-hidroelektrane
The configuration of the Oneprod-MVP system is performed on-site or remotely (from the control room or by using the Internet) using the included Oneprod CSM software. For realtime displays of all active channels and all defined parameters on channels, the Oneprod-MVX system uses Oneprod-XPR (Advanced vibro diagnostic) or Oneprod-VIO (Viewer) software. The communication of the Oneprod-MVX system with a control PC or PLC is carried out via RS485 or the Ethernet.
(И08)
Options for extending the monitoring system
After installing the Oneprod-MVX system, the existing turbine monitoring can be expanded by including the following measurement values (Table 3):
- Measurement of output electrical parameters of the generator,
- Turbine speed,
- Additional channels for measuring vibrations and temperature,
- Measurement of water flow to the turbine of the mini hydropower plant,
- Measurement and regulation of water flow at the hydropower plant dam - a new technical solution (Zegarac, 2004)
- Extension with advanced software and remote monitoring.
Table 3 - Expandable monitoring systems Таблица 3 - Возможности расширения системы мониторинга Tabela 3 - Mogucnosti prosirenja monitoring sistema
No. Code Description Quantity
1. MVX2301000 VIO-5, Viewer software for monitoring the results on a computer 1
2. AC102-1A Industrial ICP accelerometer 100 mV /g 4
3. CB102-A2A-030-Z Special cable AC102-1A sensor, 6 meters 4
4. MNTSTD 1/4-28 - M6: mounting stud 4
5. SW Terminal boxes 2
6. PT PT100 sensors for measuring temperature of bearings 4
7. RCK Industrial cabinet for MVX 1
8. DOC Documentation in English and Serbian language 1
9. PC PC computer 1
10. INS System installation, commissioning, operator training to work with systems 1
A joint monitoring system for two mini hydropower plants in the MHP Savnik is given in Fig. 3.
Figure 3 - The monitoring system for the mini hydropower plants in Savnik Рис. 3- Система мониторинга на мини-ГЭС в Шавнике Slika 3 - Monitoring sistem za mini-hidroelektrane u Savniku
Measurement results and their analysis
Fig. 4 shows the scheme of the plant and the measuring points in one mini hydropower plant in the system of the EPCG Montenegro. The system consists of the mini hydroelectric generator (A), momentum (B), the multiplier (C), turbine (D) and the turbine regulator (E).
The assemblies are connected by flexible couplings and drive shafts.
Labels for the measuring directions: RH - horizontal, RV - vertical, AX - axial
The designed monitoring system includes the measurement of vibrations, temperature, operating parameters and output electric parameters of the generator. The limit values of diagnostic parameters are selected and new and classical diagnostic methods are applied (Zegarac,1989). The monitoring system allows continuous monitoring and
measurement of diagnostic values, extremely large memory of measured values as ell as wide possibilities of processing and analysing parameters.
The installation of devices and the equipment, final testing and commissioning of the operational work under the supervision of the designer were done by the TRCpro - Novi Sad.
Due to the volume of the measurement results, the paper shows only some values of the measured diagnostic parameters as well as the vibration parameters at characteristic measurement points (vibrations on the multiplier bearings).
Figure 4 - Scheme of the plant and the measurement points at the mini hydropower plant Рис. 4 - Схема установки и точки замера на мини ГЭС Slika 4 - Sema postrojenja i mernih mesta na postorjenju mini-hidroelektrane
In the spreadsheets, high levels of vibration parameters are displayed and marked in yellow and red.
Table 4 presents the measured values of the vibration parameters of measuring point 5, the direction RV (bearing on the output shaft of the multiplier, on the side of the flywheel) while Table 5 shows the results for measuring point 7, direction RV (bearing on the multiplier drive shaft on the side next to the turbine).
Fig. 6 is a graphical display of the frequency spectrum at measuring point 5, in the directions RH, RV, AX, on the output shaft bearing, side to the flywheel, where high vibration levels can be noticed.
Table 4 - The measured values of vibration levels, measuring point 5, vertical direction-RV Таблица 4 - Измеренные значения уровня шума, контрольная точка 5, направление
RV-по вертикали
Tabela 4 - Izmerene vrednosti nivoa vibracija, merno mesto 5, smer RV - vertikalno
MHE_ 13/12/2006 12:15:38
5RV 5RV Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg Aim Type DG- DG+
FO - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 0mm.s-1 0 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .001 g .001 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200Hz BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,14g .14 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.07 g 1.07 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.05 g 1.05 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 5.88 DEF 5.88 High 0 0 7 10
5AX 5AX Last Cc mtrol Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg DG-
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OL ACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 2.62 g 2.62 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL VV Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 7.95mm.s-1 7.95 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
FO - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .031 mm.s-1 .031 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0012g .0012 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0023 g .0023 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200Hz BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .424 g .424 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 | Bis 2.35 High 0 0 1l
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .965g .965 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 5.77 DEF 5.77 High 0 0 7 10
6RH 6RH mtrol Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg Aim Type AL+ DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OL ACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.2 g 3.2 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL VV Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 4.18mm.s-1 4.18 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
FO - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .026 mm.s-1 .026 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,00037 g .00037 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0016g .0016 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200Hz BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .189g .189 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 | ■m g 2.71 High 0 0 1|
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.92g 1.92 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 7.79 DEF 7.79 High 0 0 7 10
6RV 6RV Last Cc mtrol Value Unit 7-1 Ref Avg Aim Type DG- DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OL ACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 2.19g 2.19 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL VV Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.72 mm.s-1 3.72 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
FO - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .026 mm.s-1 .026 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,00062 g .00062 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .00079 g .00079 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,111g .111 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.94 g 1.94 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,868g .868 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 7.53 DEF 7.53 High 0 0 7 10
6AX 6AX Last Cc Value Unit A. < ; Aim Type AL+ DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OL ACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.04 g 3.04 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000 Hz OL VV Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 8.54 mm.s-1 8.54 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .097 mm.s-1 .097 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,0034 g .0034 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 •423 g .423 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 | HSË9 2.78 High 0 0 1|
HF - 2000/20000Hz BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.19g 1.19 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 6.74 DEF 6.74 High 0 0 7 10
7RH 7RH Last Cc ntrol Value Unit T-1 Ref Avg Aim Type DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OL ACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.4g 1.4 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL VV Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.82 mm.s-1 3.82 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0084 mm.s-1 .0084 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .00055 g .00055 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .196g .196 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.2g 1.2 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .483 g .483 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 5 DEF 5 High 0 0 7 10
7RV 7RV H/S Last Cc mtrol Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg Aim Type AL-
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OL ACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.06 g 1.06 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL VV Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.04 mm.s-1 3.04 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 0 mm.s-1 0 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0012g .0012 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200Hz BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 •129g .129 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 •841g .841 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 •495 g .495 High 0 0 3 5
Table 5- The measured values of vibration levels, measuring point 7, vertical direction -RV Таблица 5 - Измеренные значения уровня шума, контрольная точка 7, направление
RV-по вертикали
Tabela 5- Izmerene vrednosti nivoa vibracija, merno mesto 7, smer RV - vertikalno
MHE_ 13/12/2006 12:15:38
7RV 7RV Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg Aim Type AL-
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 4.55 DEF 4.55 High 0 0 7 10
7AX 7AX Last Control Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg D6- AL- AL+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 2.83 g 2.83 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity -10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 8.44mm.s-1 8.44 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .01 mm.s-1 .01 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0023 g .0023 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200Hz BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .363 g .363 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 I ^ЩЦд 2.58 High 0 0 1l
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ■728 g .728 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 4.73 DEF 4.73 High 0 0 7 10
8RH 8RH Last Control Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg Aim Type DG- AL+ DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.91g 1.91 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.91 mm.s-1 3.91 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .016 mm.s-1 .016 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ■172g .172 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF-200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.57 g 1.57 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ■807 g .807 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 6.27 DEF 6.27 High Aim Type 0 0 7 10
8RV 8RV Value Unit DG- AL- DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.6g 1.6 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity -10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.22 mm.s-1 3.22 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .025 mm.s-1 .025 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .00031 g .00031 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ■171g .171 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF-200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.17g 1.17 High 0 0 3 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.23 g 1.23 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 6.36 DEF 6.36 High 0 0 7 10
9RH 9RH Last Control Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg AL- DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.55 g 1.55 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity -10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.16 mm.s-1 1.16 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0037 mm.s-1 .0037 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200Hz BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .066 g .066 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF-200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .604 g .604 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.28 g 1.28 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.92 DEF 3.92 High 0 0 7 10
9RV 9RV Last Control Value Unit T-1 Ref. Avg AL- AL+ DG+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.46 g 1.46 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity -10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.75 mm.s-1 1.75 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .025 mm.s-1 .025 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .0003 g .0003 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,00026 g .00026 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,104g .104 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF - 200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ,456 g .456 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.5g 1.5 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 4.81 DEF 4.81 High 0 0 7 10
9AX 9AX Value Unit Aim Type DG- AL+
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ■651g .651 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity -10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.81 mm.s-1 1.81 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 3.05 DEF 3.05 High 0 0 7 10
10RH 10RH Last Control Value Unit DG-
Acceleration - 2/20kHz OLACC Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.26 g 1.26 High 0 0 3 5
Velocity - 10/1000Hz OL W Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.12 mm.s-1 1.12 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
F0 - Mass unbalance F0 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 0 mm.s-1 0 High 0 0 4.3 11.2
H2 - Misalignment H2 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 2.1 5.6
H3 - Misalignment H3 Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 og 0 High 0 0 1 2.8
LF - 2/200HZ BB LF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 ■05 g .05 High 0 0 .3 .6
MF-200/2000HZ BB MF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 .187g .187 High 0 0 1 2
HF - 2000/20000HZ BB HF Soft 13/12/2006 12:15:38 1.1g 1.1 High 0 0 3 5
DEF DEF Hard 13/12/2006 12:15:38 4.5 DEF 4.5 High 0 0 7 10
Figure 5- Frequency spectrum of the measured vibrations and their analysis for bearing L5 Рис. 5- Частотный спектр измеренных вибраций и их анализ на подшипнике L5 Slika 5 - Frekventni spektar izmerenih vibracija i njihova analiza za lezaj L5
Based on the measurement and the analysis of the measurement results, registered by the monitoring system, the following was determined:
The general condition of both mini hydropower plants at the location Savnik, from the point of reference of ISO Standard 10816 and ISO Standard 2370, can be assessed as good or acceptable. On the flywheel bearings, points 3 and 4, vibrations after reaching the operating temperature of the bearings are within acceptable limits. The levels of summary acceleration in the middle-frequency domain are elevated, but due to increased vibrations on the multiplier, they are further transmitted to the flywheel bearings. For the multiplier bearings, measuring points 5 and 6 (the output shaft) and measuring points 7 and 8 (the drive shaft), vibration levels are elevated as well as summary acceleration in the medium-frequency domain. Frequency spectra of vibrations on the multiplier bearings indicate the presence of problems in the gears, most likely due to their wear. For a definite confirmation of this claim, it is necessary to provide information on the number of teeth on the gears for a more precise diagnosis.
The monitoring system indicates that there is no need for balancing rotating masses (Zegarac, Licen, Zuber, 1999); however, due to increased levels of vibrations on the multiplier, it is necessary to plan the overhaul of the mechanical assembly.
Conclusion
Nowadays, great attention is paid to the construction of new mini hydropower plants. The paper presents the application of a modern monitoring system on the mini hydropower plants in the system of the Electrical Industry Montenegro. Regardless of the fact that these systems were installed long time ago and that they have been in use for many years, it was fully justified to carry out the modernization of these mini hydropower plants. Mini hydropower plants have an important role in the production of electricity and are networked in the electricity system. The design and construction of mini hydroelectric power plants up to 700 KW is very similar. These are hydro machines of horizontal construction and installation. In all assemblies of hydro units, there are built-in roller bearings. If power of mini hydropower plants exceeds the value of 1000 KW, the construction of such systems is in a vertical version. Embedding assemblies in such hydropower plants is performed on sliding bearings. In this case, a patented system for the diagnostics of sliding bearings is applied as well as a new technical solution for measuring and controlling the flow of water at the hydropower dam. Modern monitoring systems presented in this work are fully applicable to the systems of mini hydropower plants of higher power. On the territory of the Republic of Serbia, there is a larger number of mini hydroelectric power plants in private ownership. It is expected that, in the near future, modern
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monitoring systems could be applied in them. The paper presents some examples of the application of modern monitoring systems. The function of controlling the technical correctness of such systems as well as of their overhaul is provided.The existing systems, installed in the 70s, do not have a possibility of remote control. Malfunction alert is done by light or sound signaling - ALARM system. The MHP control system is of a manual type. A great advantage of modern monitoring systems is that operators in hydropower plants can react in time and prevent damage to the system in advance if they receive signals on major defects or failure occurrence.
References
Licen, H., 2003. Vibrodijagnostika kao elemenat osiguranja kvaliteta i pouzdansoti. In: Naucno-strucni skup sa medunarodnim ucescem, Kvalitet, Zenica, B&H.
Standard ISO 10816 Mechanical vibration of machines,1974.
Standard ISO 2370 Mechanical vibration of machines with operating speeds from 10 to 200 rev/s, 1974.
Tehnicka dokumentacija za Mini hidroelektrane, Crna Gora, 1974.
Zegarac, N., 1993.Postupak i uredaj za odredivanje zazora u kliznim lezajevima, merenjem dinamicke putanje glavnih rukavaca kolenastog vratila motora sa unutrasnjim sagorevanjem.Beograd: Zavod za intelektualnu svojinu. Patent - br. 48216-P-640/93.
Zegarac, N., 2002, Izvestaj o merenju i analizi vibracija u MHE Kolasin.
Zegarac, N., 2005a, Projekat monitoring sistema za potrebe EPCG-MHE.
Zegarac, N. 2005b, Izvestaj o merenju i analizi vibracija MHE Lijeva Rijeka-C. Gora.
Zegarac, N., Zuber, N., 2004. Merenje i analiza vibracija u MHE Podgorica.
Zegarac, N., Zuber, N., 2005, Izvestaj o merenju i analizi vibracija na MHE Savnik.
Zegarac, N., Licen, H., Zuber, N., 1999, Izvestaj o merenju i analizi vibracija na elektroagregatima tipa No-break, snage 100 KVA, u Radarskoj stanici, Koviona-Beograd.Beograd.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ МОНИТОРИНГА НА МИНИ-ГЭС
Никола П. Жегарац
Сербская академия изобретателей и ученых, Белград, Республика Сербия
ОБЛАСТЬ: машиностроение, электротехника, электроника ВИД СТАТЬИ: профессиональная статья ЯЗЫК СТАТЬИ: английский
Резюме:
В данной работе представлены современные системы мониторинга на мини-ГЭС. В современном мире особое внимание уделяется, как сохранению существующих систем, так и строительству и сооружению новых мини-ГЭС. Мини
гидроэлектростанции входят в состав общей системы электроснабжения. Они играют важную роль в производстве электроэнергии, а также в поддержке общей системы энергопитания. В целях постоянного бесперебойного наблюдения и технического надзора за работой мини-ГЭС разработаны новые системы мониторинга. Кроме основной функции наблюдения, они также предназначены для предотвращения аварий, в случае сбоя и отказов системы. Поддержка и ремонт системы производятся по необходимости, в зависимости от технического состояния гидроэлектростанций. В осуществлении данного проекта применены современное оборудование от известных мировых производителей, а также профессиональный опыт и знания многих сотрудников.
Ключевые слова: мини гидроэлектростанции, современные системы мониторинга, техническое соответствие, параметры диагностики, методы диагностики, вибрации системы, приборы, оборудование.
PRIMENA SAVREMENIH MONITORING SISTEMA NA MINI-HIDROELEKTRANAMA
Nikola P. Zegarac
Srpska akademija izumitelja i naucnika, Beograd, Republika Srbija
OBLAST: masinstvo, elektrotehnika, elektronika VRSTA CLANKA: strucni clanak JEZIK CLANKA: engleski
Sazetak:
U radu je prikazana primena savremenih monitoring sistema na mini-hidrolektranama. U danasnje vreme posebna paznja posvecuje se odrza-vanju postojecih sistema, izgradnji i instaliranju novih mini- hidrolektrana. One su umrezene u zajednicki sistem napajanja elektricnom energijom i veoma su znacajne za proizvodnju elektricne energije, kao i za odrzavanje celokupnog sistema energetskog napajanja. Primenjeni su novi monitoring sistemi koji omogucavaju kontinualno pracenje i nadzor tehnicke ispravno-sti mini-hidroelektrana. Pored toga, monitoring sistemi omogucavaju da se sprece havarije sistema u slucaju vecih kvarova i otkaza. Odrzavanje i re-monti sistema vrse se zavisno od stvarne potrebe i tehnickog stanja hidro-elektrana. Koriscena je savremena oprema renomiranih svetskih proizvo-daca, licno iskustvo i znanje mnogih saradnika na realizaciji ovog projekta.
Kljucne reci: mini-hidroelektrane, savremeni monitoring sistemi, tehnicka ispravnost, dijagnosticki parametri, dijagnosticke metode, vibracije sistema, uredaji, oprema.
о Paper received on / Дата получения работы / Datum prijema clanka: 06. 01. 2016.
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> konacnog prihvatanja clanka za objavljivanje: 28. 03. 2016.
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