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CHEMICAL SCIENCES
APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTES INSTEAD OF TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS IN VARIOUS FIELDS Movlayev I.H.1, Ibrahimova S.M.2, Mamedova G.M.3, Malikova A^.4 (Republic of Azerbaijan) Email: [email protected]
1Movlayev Ibrahim Humbat oglu - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Аssociate Professor; 2Ibrahimova Sinduz Mamed qizi - Senior Teacher, DEPARTMENT TECHNOLOGY OFORGANIC AND HIGHMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; 3Mammadova Gulnura Mustafa qizi - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor; 4Malikova Afaq Yardim qizi - Candidate of Chemistry Sciences, Associate Professor, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND INORQANIC SUBSTANCE TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, AZERBAIJAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF OIL AND TECHNOLOGY, BAKU, REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Abstract: the article presents a brief overview of completed studies on the use of not traditional materials in various areas. Analysis of local sources of raw materials showed that in our country produces a large number of industrial and domestic waste containing valuable compounds. The amount of these wastes and the concentration of contained valuable connections, allowing you to use them instead of expensive and scarce traditional raw materials in various fields.
The conducted research and the obtained results showed the possibility of effective use of a number of industrial and domestic waste in different areas instead of the traditional raw material, which is of great importance, both from the point of view of conservation of natural raw materials and from an economic and environmental point of view. Keywords: industrial and domestic wastes, traditional raw materials, petroleum bitumen, asfaltobetonnye coating, bitumen coating, polymer coating, adsorbent, crumb rubber.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ И БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ ВМЕСТО ТРАДИЦИОННОГО СЫРЬЯ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ОБЛАСТЯХ Мовлаев И.Г.1, Ибрагимова С.М.2, Мамедова Г.М.3, Маликова А.Я.4 (Азербайджанская Республика)
1 Мовлаев Ибрагим Гумбат оглы - кандидат технических наук, доцент;
2Ибрагимова Синдуз Мамед кызы - старший преподаватель, кафедра технологии органических и высокомолекулярных соединений; 3Мамедова Гюльнура Мустафа кызы - кандидат технических наук, доцент; 4Маликова Афаг Ярдым кызы - кандидат химических наук, доцент, кафедра химии и технологии неорганических веществ, химико-технологический факультет, Азербайджанский государственный университет нефти и промышленности, г. Баку, Азербайджанская Республика
Аннотация: в статье представлен краткий обзор выполненных исследований по использованию нетрадиционных материалов в различных областях. Анализ местных источников сырья показал, что в нашей стране производят большое количество промышленных и бытовых отходов, содержащих ценные вещества. Количество этих отходов и концентрация содержащихся в них ценных соединений позволяют использовать их вместо дорогостоящего и дефицитного традиционного сырья в различных областях.
Проведенные исследования и полученные результаты показали возможность эффективного использования ряда промышленных и бытовых отходов в различных областях вместо традиционного сырья, что имеет большое значение как с точки зрения сохранения природного сырья, так и с экономической и экологической точек зрения.
Ключевые слова: промышленные и бытовые отходы, традиционное сырье, нефтяной битум, асфальтобетонное покрытие, битумное покрытие, полимерное покрытие, адсорбент, резиновая крошка.
UDK 678.632
Numerous global problems occur in connection with the increase of antropogenic influence raising in the nature during the development of civilization. One of the real dangerous problems for the human life and health is the sharp increase of the amount of harmful substances in the soil and air, a big quantity of toxic compounds emitted into the atmosphere, raise of radiation level, reduce of fresh water resources and etc. All processes connected with exploration, extraction, transportation, storage and refining are ecological dangers.
Thus, human, influencing the environment, is undergone to the impact of high pollution as a result of "boomerang" law. Global pollution of environment and sharp decrease of raw materials resources will cause human death and it proves necessity of the solution of the environment problem and preserving of raw materials resources. Currently one of the most important terms for expanding and intensifying industrial manufacturing is to form reliable raw material basis, that's why attracting of non - traditional raw material sources to the industry attains great significance.
Carried out analysis on the raw materials sources showed that in Azerbaijan as in other countries a large amount of industry and welfare wastes are formed and it causes considerable raw materials loss. From the other side these wastes pollute the environment, influence negatively flora, fauna and human organism and form ecological problems. Utilization of different wastes in the solution of the problem attains important significance. That's why efficient use of industry and welfare wastes in various fields instead of heavily found and expensive raw materials makes possible to widen variety of raw materials, to preserve them and solve economic and ecological problems. Due to adhesion and hydrophobic properties oil bitumen are used as linkers in preparing of asphaltic concrete mixtures in road construction and making of roof coating, protection of building foundation from underground waters, salts, in protecting of pipelines from corrosion and other fields. That's why demand for oil bitumen increases day by day [1-5].
As the durability of the produced oil bitumen to heat, frost, their elasticity, adhesion, strength and other indices are low, asphalt - concrete road coatings are undergone to multideformation occurred as a result of the movement of transport means and they are often in need of repair. Together with it, quality indices of bitumen - based coatings and isolation materials used at present are not in a proper level. Recently oil bitumen are modified with various polymers to improve their physico-mechanical properties [6-8]. But used polymers being distinguished from bitumen can't form homogeneous mass in asphalt - concrete mixture, that's why after some exploitation period cracks occur in asphalt - concrete prepared on their basis. Carried out researches on liquidation of lacks provide adaptation of bitumen with polymers and show that it is expedient to carry out modification of bitumen with polymers at high temperature (150-2000C), as the melting point of polymers is higher than melting point of the bitumen. At high temperatures polymer transfers to the melt state and it causes mixing of it with bitumen and equal dispersing in it and as a result joint adaptation of polymer with bitumen is provided. From other side, use of heavily found, expensive polymer materials for modification of bitumen increases the cost of asphalt-concrete mixtures, coatings and waterproofing materials and it is not favorable from economic point of view.
As polymer materials do not biologically decompose on the ground, water basins for many years and their accumulation makes sharper ecological problem. That is why, polymer materials wastes must be used or destructed to protect the environment from pollution. Technical-economic analysis of the problem solution showed that destruction of polymer materials wastes requires a lot of investment. Destruction cost of polymer wastes is 8 times more expensive than the cost of their processing and 3 times - than the welfare wastes processing. Together with it burning of polymer wastes is not expedient for protection of environment. Besides, consumption of oil and gas for polymer materials is 20-25%, that is why destruction of polymer materials is reason of the loss of valuable raw resources.
Cost of polymer wastes is 40-70% is lower than the base cost for initial polymers, but their quality distinguishes little from the quality of initial polymer materials. Considering above-mentioned secondary use of polymer materials reduces the demand to initial polymer, makes possible to save financial and labor resources and solve ecological social-economic problems and preserving of natural resources. Various materials based on polymers are widely used in our country and turn to the waste after exploitation. Though annually about 10000 ton exploited polymer materials are thrown into the environment in Azerbaijan Republic, their secondary processing has not been organized well yet. That is why secondary use of polymer wastes is the efficient way from economical and ecological points of view.
In connection with it, carried out researches showed that as the amount of polymer wastes is bigger than modern production and welfare wastes, they can be used as significant raw material source for modification of oil bitumen. 60% of oil bitumen produced in the industry can be used a linker in preparing of asphalt-concrete mixtures in road construction. As present plasticity of oil bitumen used as linker in road construction is not more than 60-6500C and it is not sufficient for road surface coating [3]. Besides low viscous bitumen have no elasticity properties. As the stability of asphalt - concrete mixtures mainly depends on the bitumen elasticity, asphalt-concrete prepared on its basis undergoing to mechanical influence decomposes very quickly. Carried out researches determined that rubber based rubber powder due to the complex opportunities can give the bitumen linker high elasticity property improve its properties [8]. When modifying bitumen with rubber powder polymer based matrix forms and it is distributed in fine disperse form in the content of elastic net. At the same time it is known that as rubber is elastomer material and has unique properties complex, production of its items and quantity of their wastes raise from year to year. Considering abovementioned modification of Baku 85/25 oil bitumen with exploited low density polyethylene and rubber wastes based powder has been carried out and properties of the obtained compositions have been studied [9, 10].
Study of rheological properties of tar: asphaltene = 80:20 bitumen modified with polyisoprene wastes and the indices of the coating obtained on its basis showed that compositions obtained on the basis of bitumen / polyisoprene 95 - 90/ 5-10 mixtures can be used as an effective anticorrosion coating, and 85-70 / 15 - 30 mixtures based compositions can be used as waterproofing material. Polymer based protecting coatings distinguish for their simple obtaining and protecting influence reliability and that's why they are used in various fields. As many items are exploited in cyclic deformation condition, special requirements to the protecting coatings and also high durability and elasticity are required. But use of elastomers which are not produced in our country, heavily found and expensive in the obtaining increases the cost of protecting coating based on them and it is not expedient from economic point of view[11, 12]. Considering all these it has been determined from the researches that in diaphragm, production of tire industry a diaphragm rubber mixtures not corresponding to standard requirements are formed on the basis of butylene rubber [13, 14]. The quantity and content of this waste make possible to use it for obtaining of protection coating compositions instead of expensive heavily found elastomers.
Low durability of elastomer - based protection coatings to adhesion, water and aggressive mediums and other properties limits their use [15-17]. It is connected with
high adhesion of epoxide oligomers to various construction materials, influence of aggressive mediums and water durability. As these compositions have high viscosity, their disadvantage is the use of special equipment to lay the protected surface and strengthening at high temperatures.
During the exploitation and storage of tires their surface layer rubbers are undergone to the influence of the factors as oxygen, ozone, sun, radiation and high temperature. For obtaining the composition as an elastomer waste of diaphragm production of tire industry butylene - rubber based low content diaphragm rubber mixture having the following content is used: BR-100, PVC - 1.7, OEA - MGF - 9-0.2 amber tar (st -337) - 6.7, zinc oxide - 5, petrolatum - 7;8 stearic acid - 2; technical carbon - P -514 - 35; P - 234 - 20 (6pB - 61) [13, 14].
For a long time rubber wastes have been considered unresolved, problematic for their chemical structure (elastic net). At present grinding of rubber wastes is considered the snippiest treatment method, because it allows to keep physic -mechanical and chemical properties. Protector rubber powder distinguishes from other tire rubbers powder for their elastic structure and high absorption surface. Together with it the given characteristics of the protector rubbers make possible to get 0.06 - 0.08mm powders not having adhesion. Considering that, for cleaning water surface from oil and oil products 50 mass fraction sorbent - technical carbon containing butadiene - styrene and divinil - rubbers mixture BSR + SRD (70:30) based 0.06 - 0.08mm rubber powder has been offered [15]. Cleaning of water surface from oil and oil products with the offered sorbent has been carried out as follows [16] 0.06 - 0.08mm sorbent particles rubber powder obtained from exploited tire protector parts are on oil layer on the water surface and oil is accumulated more than oil mass due to the high special surface. As a result agglomerate which pas low density than water on the recovered surface and smaller - than oil spot surface is formed. Formed agglomerate can be accumulated from the water surface by mechanical method for example, by wing metal screen bucket. The obtained agglomerate can be wed for improving exploitation properties of asphalt -concrete mixtures in road construction after maximum isolating from oil [17].
Analysis of the influence of sorbent quantity and oil absorption time on water surface cleaning level has shows that rubber powder obtained from protectors exploited auto tires makes possible to increase absorption level of oil and oil products absorption on the water surface to 500% (1:5 ratio) and provide absorption on oil spot very fast (within 15 second). Efficiency of the use of the rubber powder obtained from protector part of the exploited auto tires as a sorbent for cleaning oil and oil products from water surface is determined due to high absorption ability of oil spot rapidly, reliability of extraction of agglomerate swelled rubber powder formed-as a result of oil and oil products absorption, localization of oil spot, shore protection, secondary we of the exploited sorbent for improving exploitation properties of asphalt - concrete mixtures rubber powder obtained from the protector part of exploited auto tires can be wed as a sorbent in cleaning of the waste waters from oil and oil products.
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SYNTHESIS AND RESEARCH OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF COMPLEX COMPOUNDS OF DIVALENT COPPER WITH LIGANDS (HISTIDIN AND ARGENIN)
12 3
Gahramanova Sh.I. , Dzhalaladdinov F.F. , Khudaverdiyev R.A. , Alieva Ch.Ch.4, Askerova T.Yа.5, Gahramanov T.O.6 (Republic of Azerbaijan) Email: [email protected]
1Gahramanova Shahnaz Ismail - PhD in Chemistry, Researcher;
2Dzhalaladdinov Fadail Fatullah - Leading Researcher, Associate Professor; 3Khudaverdiyev Rahim Aziz - Leading Researcher;
4Alieva Chavahir Chavad -Research Associate;
5Askerova Tarana Yashar - Research Associate, INSTITUTE OF CATALYSIS AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY NAMED AFTER AKADEMICIANM.F. NAGIYEV NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF AZERBAIJAN;
6Gahramanov Taleh Ordukhan - Doctoral Student, Associate Professor, PHYSICAL AND COLLOID CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, CHEMISTRY FACULTY, BAKU STATE UNIVERSITY, BAKU, REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Abstract: new complex copper compounds with ligands (histidine and argenine) with the composition [CuCl2L (H2O)] H2O, [CuCl2L2], [CuCl2L (H2O)] 3H2O were synthesized. It is shown that the composition of the complexes obtained depends on the ratio of the initial components. The composition and structure of the complexes were studied by chemical analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The method of IR and UV spectroscopy showed that the ligands in the composition of the honey (II) complexes enter into the neutral form and are coordinated with the complexing agent through the nitrogen atom. The results of thermogravimetric studies have shown that the final product of the thermal decomposition of all compounds is copper oxide, respectively. Keywords: nistidine, arginine, copper oxide, amine groups, complex compounds.
