CC BY
3UDC 582.94
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS FROM MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES BELONGING TO THE FAMILY Lamiaceae Lindl.
Arabova Nodira Burieva Khurshida
Alfraganus University, associate professor Turon University, associate professor
Annotation:
This article explores the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts from medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, specifically species found in Uzbekistan. The study focused on plants such as Ajuga turkestanica, Origanum tytthanthum, Salvia sclarea, and several species of Ziziphora and Scutellaria. Using Bacillus subtilis as a test culture, the research demonstrated significant antibacterial effects of the plant extracts. The most potent activity was observed in Scutellaria galericulata, Ziziphora pedicellata, and Ziziphora tenuior, with antibacterial activity rates of 33,79%, 28,57%, and 24,30%, respectively. These results highlight the potential use of these species as raw materials for the development of new pharmaceutical products aimed at treating infectious diseases. The presence of biologically active compounds such as essential oils, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids is believed to contribute to the plants' therapeutic effects. The study concludes by recommending further exploration of these plants for use in modern medical practice.
Key words: Lamiaceae, Ziziphora, essential oil, antibacterial activity, ethanol extract.
Аннотация:
В статье исследуется антибактериальная активность этанольных экстрактов лекарственных растений, принадлежащих к семейству яснотковые (Lamiaceae), произрастающих в Узбекистане. В фокусе исследования находились такие растения, как Ajuga turkestanica, Origanum tytthanthum, Salvia sclarea и несколько видов Ziziphora и Scutellaria. В качестве тест-культуры использовалась Bacillus subtilis, и было выявлено значительное антибактериальное действие экстрактов растений. Наибольшую активность показали Scutellaria galericulata, Ziziphora pedicellata и Ziziphora tenuior с
показателями антибактериальной активности 33,79%, 28,57% и 24,30% соответственно. Эти результаты подчеркивают потенциал использования данных видов растений в качестве сырья для разработки новых фармацевтических препаратов, направленных на лечение инфекционных заболеваний. Наличие биологически активных соединений, таких как эфирные масла, фенольные соединения и флавоноиды, вероятно, способствует их терапевтическому эффекту. Исследование рекомендует дальнейшее изучение этих растений для использования в современной медицинской практике.
Ключевые слова: Lamiaceae, Ziziphora, эфирное масло, антибактериальная активность, экстракт этанола.
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistonda o'sadigan Yalpizdoshlar (Lamiaceae) oilasiga mansub dorivor o'simliklarning etanol ekstraktlarining antibakterial faolligi o'rganilgan. Tadqiqotlar uchun Ajuga turkestanica, Origanum tytthanthum, Salvia sclarea hamda Ziziphora va Scutellaria avlodlariga mansub turlar tanlab olingan. Test - кикш^ sifatida Bacillus subtilis ishlatilgan bo'lib, o'simlik ekstraktlarining sezilarli antibakterial ta'siri aniqlandi. Eng yuqori faollik Scutellaria galericulata (33,79%), Ziziphora pedicellata (28,57%), Ziziphora tenuior (24,30%) o'simliklarida qayd qilindi. Olingan natijalarga ko'ra, ushbu o'simlik turlaridan yangi farmatsevtik preparatlar ishlab chiqish uchun xom ashyo sifatida ulardan foydalanish mumkin. Efir moylari, fenol birikmalari va flavonoidlar kabi biologik faol birikmalarning mavjudligi ularning terapevtik ta'siriga hissa qo'shishi mumkin. Tadqiqot ushbu o'simliklarni zamonaviy tibbiyot amaliyotida foydalanish uchun qo'shimcha o'rganishni tavsiya qiladi.
Introduction.Today, 40% of the world's pharmaceutical products are based on medicinal plant raw materials, creating a high demand for such materials [1]. In pharmacology and the pharmaceutical industry, biologically active substances extracted from medicinal plants are important as they do not have side effects [2, 3]. One of the promising families of medicinal plants in folk medicine and official pharmacy is the Lamiaceae family, which includes 33 genera and 76 types of potentially medicinal species. Particularly valuable as medicinal raw materials are species such as Dracocephalum L., Leonurus L., Ziziphora L., Scutellaria L., Origanum L., and Marrubium L. [4]. Research has shown that plants from the
Lamiaceae family have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative, and antibacterial properties [5-7]. It has been found that species from this family contain biologically active substances such as essential oils, glycosides, fatty acids, saponins, and phytoncides [4, 8]. The therapeutic effect of these plants depends on compounds such as camphor, menthol, thymol, eugenol, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and organic alcohols [9, 10].
The aim of investigation. The objective of this study is to analyze the antibacterial activity of alcohol extracts from medicinal plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae Lindl.) growing in Uzbekistan, including species like Ajuga turkestanica, Origanum tytthanthum, Salvia sclarea, Scutellaria galericulata, Marrubium alternidens, Ziziphora pedicellata, Ziziphora pamiralaica, Ziziphora tenuior, and Leonurus turkestanicus.
Materials and Methods The study was based on a collection of several medicinal plant species from the Lamiaceae family growing in Uzbekistan. Cultivation was carried out on experimental plots using standard methods [4]. Seeds collected from different plant species were sown on 6 m2 plots, with a row spacing of 50 cm and plant spacing of 40 cm. During the growing season, mechanical weeding and standard agronomic practices were carried out. The plant raw materials were dried at a temperature of 20-24°C in a shaded area and then mechanically ground. The material was extracted with 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested by growing the Bacillus subtilis test culture on agarized nutrient media at +35°C for 20 days.
Results and Analysis The alcohol extracts of the plants studied in this research showed significant antibacterial activity in the Bacillus subtilis test culture. Table 1 shows the antibacterial activity of the alcohol extracts of some medicinal plants from the mint family (Lamiaceae Lindl.) in the Bacillus subtilis test culture.
Table 1
Antibacterial activity of alcoholic extracts of some medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae Lindl. family in the test culture Bacillus subtilis (M±m)
Reduction in Growth Diameter of
S/n Plant Species Extracts Bacillus subtilis (control/experiment,
mm (%))
1. Ajuga turkestanica (Rgl.) Briq. 11,2/10,8 (3,57)
2. Origanum tytthanthum 10,5/9,7 (7,62)
3. Salvia sclarea 14,7/13,1 (10,89)
4. Scutellaria galericulata, 14,5/9,6 (33,79)
5. Marrubium alternidens 15,4/13,8 (10,39)
6. Ziziphora pedicellata 14,7/10,5 (28,57)
7. Ziziphora pamiralaica 13,4/10,2 (23,88)
8. Ziziphora tenuior 12,6/9,5 (24,30)
9. Leonurus turkestanicus 16,7/15,5 (7,19)
Studies have shown that the antimicrobial and bactericidal activity of plants from the Lamiaceae family is related to compounds such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, menthol, linalool, pulegone, a- and P-pinene, thymol, cineole, and eugenol [4]. It was found that diterpene acids extracted from Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) have strong antibacterial activity [11]. The biologically active substances extracted from Scutellaria galericulata are effective in the treatment of tumors and liver diseases. In Uzbekistan, more than 100 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, iridoids, and others, have been isolated and identified from these plants [12-14]. The plant Z. tenuior contains essential oils (main component — pulegone) with antibacterial and antifungal activity [15-17]. Research also highlights the potential of Ziziphora L. species for use in medical practice as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent [18].
Conclusion
The analysis of the antibacterial activity of Lamiaceae species in the Bacillus subtilis test culture showed the following order of activity: Scutellaria galericulata > Ziziphorapedicellata > Ziziphora tenuior > Ziziphorapamiralaica > Salvia sclarea > Marrubium alternidens > Origanum tytthanthum > Leonurus turkestanicus > Ajuga turkestanica (Rgl.) Briq. Particularly high antibacterial activity was observed in Scutellaria galericulata (33,79%), Ziziphora pedicellata (28,57%), and Ziziphora tenuior (24,30%). Based on the results, these plants are recommended as raw materials for the creation of new generations of effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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