CC BY
84
DOI: 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-2-22-26 Anti-dote program in a long-term training of combatants
Ruslan Z. Gizatullin
Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University
Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-6632-7274, [email protected]
Abstract. Sport is the sphere, which has a positive influence on a person's nature, his abilities and values, increasing the level of his physical and psychic health, forming the best personal qualities and providing successful socialization. However, apart from a positive influence on a person, sport can have some negative influence on a person, developing his negative qualities. Negative influence of sport is conditioned by the existing tough competition, sport involvement into political conflicts and by the demands, which are claimed on athletes and cause great tension of a person. All these factors make athletes and specialists use dishonest ways of rivalry. One of these ways is the forbidden drugs use. In spite of different sanctions and punishment for doping use these problem is still not solved. In terms of this there appears the necessity to search for the solution of doping problem. Materials. On the basis of the questionnaire survey we revealed the level of combatants' competency in the questions of anti-dote rules. Research methods. Information sources analysis and summarizing, a questionnaire survey, methods of mathematical statistics. 4 We revealed the competency of combatants in the questions of anti-dote rules. We revealed the parts of anti-dote program in a long-term training of combatants. Conclusion. Anti-dote program has a complex orientation and forms knowledge about anti-dote rules and sanctions concerning athletes for using forbidden drugs, gives athletes information about legal preparations and methods of rehabilitation, working capacity support. Keywords: anti-dote program , anti-dote education, a long-term training of combatants.
For citation: Ruslan Z. Gizatullin. Anti-dote program in a long-term training of combatants. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2019; 14(2): 19-22. DOI 10.14526/2070-4798-2019-14-2-22-26.
INTRODUCTION sports society. It strongly objects to doping use.
In modern sport one of the most urgent Though it helps to cope with great training and
problems, which demands attention and solution, competitive loads and win opponents.
is the problem of different forbidden stimulating In this situation an athlete has to compromise,
preparations use by athletes. understanding that using forbidden preparation is
The research work, held by K.A. Badrak (2011), an immoral action, but realizing that it is impossible
shows that the athletes' attitude to doping use to continue sports career without stimulation with
is influenced greatly by the position of a coach doping [4, 9, 10, 13].
concerning that question, the attitude of friends- Society makes great efforts fighting with doping
athletes and also moral-aesthetic principles use. However, in the opinion of the former president
deformation of the athletes themselves [1]. of the International Olympic Committee Jacques
The scientists, who study the problem of doping Rogge, all attempts to solve this problem have
in sports activity, pay attention to the situation, no prospects, as all measures taken for forbidden
when coaches form their athletes' desire to win at preparations use: penalties upgrading for the
any cost. Athletes are influenced by trainers, on the forbidden preparations use, constant list of these
one hand, because high results achievement during preparations specification, disqualification use for
competitions is the reflection of a state ideology. It several years and even a life-long disqualification
claims that sport is one of its priorities. Such kind don't prevent athletes and their coaches from using
of situation demands high results from athletes, these forbidden drugs. Jacques Rogge thinks that
the level of which is either on the verge of possible doping use nowadays became a form of crime,
or beyond human capacity. On the other hand, the existing in sports [14].
athlete is influenced by the opinion of the world Apart from that, this problem solution is
n
complicated with a close connection between the following aspects: medical, juridical, political, moral, pedagogical and social. As sport reflects the processes in society, pedagogical aspect plays a great role in the problem of doping solution. It provides anti-dote educational programs creation and introduction. The system of the upbringing work development with athletes during the whole process of their long-terms training [2,3].
The aim of the research is to define the structure and content of anti-dote program in a long-term training of combatants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During the research we held scientific-methodical literature analysis, a questionnaire survey in order to reveal the level of awareness among combatants at different levels of a long-term training. A questionnaire survey was held among the combatants. They train on the basis of sports school for children and teen-agers "Vityaz" in Naberezhnye Chelny (the Republic of Tatarstan).
Moreover, we defined the structure and content of anti-dote program at every stage of a long-term training among combatants.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The held questionnaire survey among combatants, who train at different stages of a long-term training, showed that in initial training groups and in educational-training groups of the 1st and the 2nd years of study there are the lowest level of awareness among athletes concerning the questions of anti-dote rules - 3%. This result is quite predictable. At the initial stages of long-term training athletes are not interested much in questions of doping. However, in educational-training groups and groups of sportsmanship improvement the awareness level in the sphere of anti-dote rules was 78% and 95%. It is conditioned by the demands of going through anti-dote control during the competitions, where athletes take part.
The specialists in the sphere of doping in sport offer different ways of this problem solution
[2,3,5,6,7,8,11,13,14,15]:
1. The system of anti-dote education introduction during all stages of a long-term training. The
system of anti-dote education among athletes should be directed toward knowledge formation concerning the forbidden preparations use and the consequences of their use [13,16,17,18,19].
F.N. Soldatenkov (2011) broadens this notion. He presents anti-dote education not only as the process of education, but as the process of personality upbringing and development. The system of anti-dote education is directed toward necessary knowledge formation in this sphere and also toward athletes' definite values and behavior formation. It is reflected in responsibility formation for own health, rules, opponents and spectators [15].
K.A. Badrak (2011) writes that anti-dote education should have the aim of forming negative attitude to breaking the rules of anti-dote code and should bring up athletes' sense of justice in sports rivalry. At the same time, he thinks that antidote education concerns not only athletes, but all specialists, who take part in training athletes [1,2].
2. The system of upbringing work development at sports schools and establishments, which train athletes. The upbringing work should be directed toward spiritual values, sports ethics and juridical culture formation.
It should be noted that on the 17th of October, 2018 the Conception of training sports reserve in the Russian Federation till 2025 was adopted. It mentions the necessity to create and introduce information programs. They include the terms of the World anti-dote code and a complex of events. They are directed toward negative attitude formation to high sports results achievement using the forbidden preparations, into the training process of young athletes [12].
Some specialists (K.A. Badrak; F.N. Soldatenkov; L.B. Dzerzhinskaya; L.E. Ignateva; E.S. Borodina; A.G. Grevtsov and others) studied the problem of doping creating anti-dote educational programs and their introduction into the system of sports training. In the opinion of the specialists, anti-dote educational programs introduction into the system of training sports reserve and into the system of professional and higher education is the most advantageous variant. It is the most available and less cost-based direction in the struggle against doping.
Summarizing the results we come to the conclusion that anti-dote educational program should:
1) cover all stages of a long-term training (the stage of the initial training, the stage of the initial specialization, the stage of sportsmanship improvement and the stage of higher sportsmanship);
2) have a complex character including the following:
- information unit, directed toward the level of awareness increase in the sphere of anti-dote rules and sanctions in case of their violation, in the sphere of legal ways of working capacity support and rehabilitation;
- competence unit, which provides athletes' juridical competencies formation. They include knowledge, abilities, skills and motivation to professional objectives solving in terms of juridical sphere;
- upbringing unit, directed toward impatience formation with doping use among all subjects of sports training and the ethics of sports behavior formation.
CONCLUSION
Thus, in spite of doping problem urgency and the taken measures in the struggle against this phenomenon in sport it is still not solved. Punitive actions taken in terms of athletes and the specialists, who train them, for the forbidden preparations use, are not effective. In this connection sports specialists suggest to pay attention to sports reserve education and upbringing. They introduce anti-dote educational programs. They help to form the values, knowledge and skills in the sphere of anti-dote rules among all subjects of sports training.
REFERENCES
1. Badrak K.A. Experimental anti-dote educational program and the results of its introduction (by the example of young wrestlers). Paraolimpijskoe dvizhenie v Rossii na puti k Londonu: problemy I resheniya: Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii [Paralympic movement in Russia on the way to London: problems and solutions: Materials of All-Russian scientific-practical conference]. Saint-
Petersburg. 2011: 5-7 (In Russ.).
2. Borodina E.S. Educational anti-dote programs for different types of educational organizations and organizations, which realize sports training. Sistema menedzhmenta kachestva v vuze: obrazovannost', konkurentosposobnost': Sbornik nauchnyh trudov VII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, 28 aprelya 2018g. [System of quality management at a higher educational establishment: health, erudition, competitiveness: Collection of scientific works of the VII International scientific-practical conference, April, 28, 2018]. Chelyabinsk. 2018: 75-79 (In Russ.).
3. Gretsov A.G., Vorobev S.A. Methodical principles of anti-dote education of young athletes. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi kultury = Theory and practice physical culture. 2018; 3: 94-96 (In Russ., In Engl.).
4. Gretsov A.G., Vorobev S.A., Badrak K.A. Obrazovatel'nye antidopingovye programmy dlya razlichnyh tipov obrazovatel'nyh organizacij I organizacij, osuchestvlyayuchih sportivnuyu podgotovku [Educational anti-dote programs for different types of educational organizations and organizations, which realize sports training]. Saint-Petersburg. 2017: 44 (In Russ.).
5. Gretsov A. G., Vorobev S.A. Approaches to anti-dote and educational programs creation for teen-agers and young people. Adaptivnaya fizicheskaya kultura. 2017; 3(71): 51-54 (In Russ.).
6. Dzerzhinskaya L.B., Sedykh N.V. The program content of "Pedagogical technologies of antinarcotic and anti-dote prophylaxis by means of physical culture and sport" educational discipline, realized in Volgograd State Academy of Physical Culture. Forum. Serii: gumanitarnye i ekonomicheskie nauki. 2016; 3(9): 39-42 (In Russ.).
7. Zaripov A. I., Kotlo E.N. Doping problem in modern sport: social aspect. Mezhdunarodnyi akademicheskiy vestnik. 2018; 12(32): 39-42 (In Russ.).
8. Ivanov I. V. Doping problem in sport. Ekonomika i sotsium. 2016; 12-3(31): 945-948 (In Russ.).
9. Ignateva L. E., Kireeva Y.V. Anti-dote awareness formation among students in the
R
system of physical culture and sports. Problemy sovremennogo pedagogicheskogo obrazovaniya. 2016; 53-3: 202-208 (In Russ.).
10. Concept of training sports reserve in the Russian Federation till 2025: adopted by the state order of the Russian Federation on October, 17, 2018. № 2245-p. URL: http://static.government. ru/media/files/QNlNOzIXgAYfExxobzmyGXxlQm 6SFf54.pdf/.
11. Litinskaya E. A. Doling in sport: social-philosophic aspect. Logos et Praxis. Filosofiya. 2011; 3(15): 186-191 (In Russ.).
12. Kiryanova L.A., Morozova L.V., Dmitriev I.V., Fedorova A.V. and others Pedagogical and organizational questions of the struggle against doping in sport. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta. 2018; 1(155): 108-117 (In Russ.).
13. Hartgens F., Kuipers H. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Medicine. 2004; 34: 513-554.
14. Houlihan B. Dying to win: Doping in sport and the development of sport policy. Strsbourg: Council of Europe Report. 2003.
15. Loland S. Can a ban on doping be morally
justified? Enhancing human capacities. London: Blackwell. 2011.
16. Savulescu J., Foddy B., Clayton M. Why we should allow performance enhancing drugs in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004; 38: 666670.
17. Stray-Gundersen J., Levine B.D. Live high, train low at natural altitude. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 2008; 18(suppl. 1): 21-28.
18. Tentori L., Graziani G. Doping with growth hormone/IGF-1, anabolic steroids or erythropoietin: Is there a cancer risk? Pharmacological Research. 2007; 55: 359-369.
19. Nazarenko L.D., Kuznetsova Z.M., Meshcheryakov A.V. Conception of sport moral basis strengthening, not compatible with doping. Pedagogiko-psihologicheskie I medico-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoj kul'tury I sporta = The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2018; 13(2): 136-143. DOI: 10.14526/02_2018_322 (In Russ., In Engl.).
Submitted: 25.05.2019 Author's information:
Ruslan Z. Gizatullin - Post-graduate, Naberezhnye Chelny State Pedagogical University, 423806, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizametdinova str., House 28, e-mail: [email protected]
