CC BY
26Ancestral heritage is a priceless treasure. Human and its spiritual
problems in Avesto
F.Khusainova, Tashkent state university of law
Abstract - Avesto, one of the oldest written cultural monuments in the world, in all its essence plays an important role in the development of human culture, thinking and world science. This historical-cultural, esoteric-religious monument for centuries has amazed mankind with its high artistic miracle and peculiar thinking. Paper examines in detail issues of Zoroastrianism and its spirituality.
Keywords - Avesto, Zoroastrianism, humanism, values, man, human ideas, social life, spirituality.
Creator of all things is human, goodness of human light, there is no prosperity in a world without human. [1, 43-p]
Today, the ideas of humanism are at the highest level. Great human ideas reflected in the Avesto, the holy book of the Zoroastrian religion, which spread throughout Central Asia in the middle of the first millennium BC and recorded as living values. Studies show that the ideas presented in it are comprehensive and versatile. The value of Avesto as a social and historical event is not only in this. It arose as a new phase of human development, a new source of thinking, a very humanistic idea that directly related to a person, social life, enjoyment and essence. It is thanks to these universal ideas that Avesto is defined as a historical event [2, 3-p].
Avesto's ideas represent first impressions of man and nature, of life and its essence, and these ideas represent the first sources of human civilization. Historical progress shows that the early stages of the evolution of human thinking and imagination go directly to the Avesto.
Avesto philosophy is a great and unique value that calls for excellence, personal growth.
An ordered religious ideology, full of high ideals, dominated the ancient states and peoples of a vast territory. One of the most important and acute issues of Zoroastrian teachings is the problem of man. According to him, all people voluntarily choose the path of good and evil. Zoroastrianism glorifies human status and emphasizes that a healthy lifestyle is a peaceful work. In his opinion, it is impossible to achieve
happiness in this world thanks to the great sacrifices made by divine powers. Zarathustra encourages people to value life and respect people [3, 61-p].
The term Zoroastrianism is conditionally stipulated by religion. This is the association of religion with the name of his prophet. In fact, the Zoroastrian religion was called Mazda Yasna, which means the worship of Mazda, "the Most Wise" [4, 4-p].
Zoroastrianism was the oldest, oldest and at the same time stimulating, invoking force of all religions that appeared in the history of mankind. The peoples of the vast East, using the same ideas of Avesto, adopted their own standards of morality, culture, perfection and maturity in their lifestyle. [2, 7-p].
According to Zoroastrian philosophy, good and evil live in the inner world of people. Man is created from the spirit of Ahura Mazda and must fight for good. But since Ahriman intervenes in the foundations of this world, the human heart is also a battleground for the good and evil qualities of the world, such as good and evil, patience with passion and good. That is why anyone who accepts Zoroastrianism calls himself Behdinon in good religion. [5, 55-p].
Basic philosophy of Zoroastrianism is contained in three words: "Gumanu" - a noble mind, "Gutka" - a kind word, "Guarshita" - good deeds. [ 6, 100-p].
Consequently, the Zoroastrian faith was pure in thought, in the constancy of the word, in the humanity of actions.
Good idea is to help those who are close to
them in the face of kindness, need and danger, be ready actively fight for their happiness and happiness, to live in peace and harmony with others.
A good word means keeping your promise, keeping your word, being honest in business, paying off debts, stealing and stealing, refraining from immorality and so on.
Good manners mean that a person's behavior in his or her behavior is a good warning and a good commitment to all the positive principles put forward.
In Avesto, labor is glorious. He sees labor as a source of good and material well-being. They say that in order for a person to be generous, he must first of all work and do good with his own hands. Planting and labor are seen as eliminating evil on earth. In particular, Avesto claims that "when the grain comes out of the earth, the devils shake; and the devils will scream when the grain is harvested. [7, 87-p]. In the Zoroastrian religion, the person who opens the garden and turns it into a garden will receive divine mercy. On the contrary, the grave sin is the destruction of gardens, cultures^ or irrigation systems.
Zoroastrians want to teach people to live peacefully and honestly. Accordingly, there will be a fate in the world outside this world, and each person will die after his death, in the eternal pleasure of his actions in this world, in Paradise, where there are many pleasures and if there are many bad deeds, then to the miswongatugu where there is neither joy nor sorrow and unpleasant. [8, 90-p].
Ahura Mazda urges people to get used to compromise with each other: greed, jealousy, arrogance, ambition and the desire to refrain from illegal actions. They say that keeping the word, maintaining its loyalty, maintaining contracts in trade, timely repayment of debt, avoiding fraud and betrayal are signs of faith. A believer is a perfect person who is free from theft and robbery, pursuit of other people's property, betrayal of himself, that is, contrary to his faith. Take care of your heart more than your body, that is, if your spiritual life is pure, your material life will be perfect, says Avesto.
In Avesto, in many ways, it was specifically
stated in the various roles and responsibilities of the family, family members and heads of families, family and marriage relationships. There are also comments regarding respect for women's rights, achieving the integrity and stability of the family, the role of parents in front of a child, a child in front of parents, preparing children for marriage and many family traditions [5, 56-p].
Avesto also paid particular attention to cleanliness and offspring. There is a spiritual dimension in marriage that the human soul must not allow. In Avesto marriage affairs was strictly controlled, the kinship between the brothers was strongly condemned. In a marriage between relatives there is a spiritual dimension that the human soul should not allow.
In the Zoroastrian community, marriage is sealed for life, two marriages, or temporary marriage are impossible for one man. Adultery of a spouse is strongly condemned, and a woman who is in relation to another man is abused, punished and considered "unclean" for her man [9, 50-p].
Physical and spiritual purity is one of the oldest requirements of Zoroastrianism. Divorce is prohibited because it meets the requirements of marriage and marriage. If the husband or wife commits sexual immorality, they are punished with a stick. As a result, they fought for the strength of their families [7, 88-p].
Obviously, Zoroastrianism pays great attention to issues of family and marriage, as well as human problems. In the East, the family was considered sacred since ancient times. They strengthen it and prevent the breakup of the family.
Avesto focuses on cleanliness. The man who took the water from the pool in a dirty jug was punished with five sticks. Having a bath in the living room is strongly condemned. Advised regular physical culture, washing face once a day, not touching the body without washing hands, clean nails and wash hair. [10, 169-170 pp].
In conclusion, the book of Avesto contains traces of many millennia of the spiritual heritage of our ancestors. It condemns traits such as ignorance, violence and slander. It promotes
moral virtues such as pure volunteering, betrayal, and fraudulent purchases.
Studies show that Zoroastrianism is a key factor in the formation of the spiritual worldview of not only Iranian-speaking, but also Turkic peoples, including the Uzbek people.
In the development and prosperity of any state
and society, the country's historical, spiritual heritage is aimed at determining its future. Therefore, analysis of such a great spiritual heritage as Avesto can be effective. Avesto is valued not only as the first written heritage of the ancient Eastern religion, history and spirituality, but also as a great universal value.
References
[1] Абулкосим Фирдавсий, Шоунома (Сайланма). Алишер Навоий номидаги Узбекистан Миллий кутубхонаси нашриёти, Тошкент, 2012
[2] Н.Жураев, "Авесто" муъжизаси, Тошкент, 2014
[3] И.Жабборов, Антик маданият ва маънавият хазинаси, Тошкент, Узбекистон, 1999
[4] Авесто: Яшт китоби, М.Исх,о;ов таржимаси, Тошкент, Шарк, 2001
[5] А.Аширов, Узбек халцининг цадимий эътицод ва маросимлари, Алишер Навоий номидаги Узбекистон Миллий кутубхонаси нашриёти, Тошкент, 2007
[6] А.Маковельский, Авеста, Баку: АН, АзербССР, 1960
[7] С.Отамуратов, СДусанов, Ж.Раматов, Маънавият асослари, Абдулла ^одирий номидаги халк мероси нашриёти, Тошкент, 2002
[8] А.Муминов, Х,.Йулдошхужаев, Д.Рах,имжонов, М.Комилов, А.Абдусатторов, А.Орипов, Диншунослик, Тошкент, Мех,нат, 2004
[9] А.Аширов, "Авесто" ва зардуштийларнинг оила турмуш маросимлари уацида, Узбекистонда ижтимоий фанлар, 2002, №1
[10] Авесто, Тарихий-адабий ёдгорлик, Аскар Маркам таржимаси, Тошкент, 2001
