CC BY
74
DOI https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-12.41
ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR SEAWEED (EUCHEUMA COTTONII) FARMING SITE SUITABILITY IN MANDAR BAY, WEST SULAWESI, INDONESIA
Walinono Andi Rusdi1'2*, Marsoedi3, Tjahjono Agus3, Semedi Bambang3
1Doctoral Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia 2Fishery Agribusiness Studies program, State Agricultural Polytechnic Pangkajene Islands, District Mandalle of Pangkep Regency, Indonesia 3Graduate Program of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the water quality parameters for seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) farming. The study was conducted in water areas of Mandar Bay for 3 months. Water quality samples were analyzed in the water quality laboratory of Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method used was explorative research by using survey method and direct measurement field. Determination of stations used GPS. The data obtained were analyzed according to environmental parameters to determine the site suitability with Geographic Information System approach. Six water quality parameters which did not meet the requirements for seaweed farming business, i.e. current velocity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, Nitrate and phosphate were found. The total water areas of Polewali Mandar Subdistrict were 1.252.66 ha, the site with highly suitable rate was 65.39 ha and the site with marginally suitable rate was 1.187.27 ha. Based on the village area, Polewali village had highly suitable site of 13.16 ha and marginally suitable site of 231.89 ha, Wattang village had no highly suitable site of 0 ha and marginally suitable site of 126.22 ha, Lantora village had highly suitable site of 11.30 ha and marginally suitable site of 142.12 ha, Takatidung village had highly suitable site of 39.85 ha and marginally suitable site of 142.23 ha and Manding sub-district had highly suitable site of 1.08 ha and marginally suitable site of 34481 ha.
KEY WORDS
GIS, land suitability, Eucheuma cottonii seaweed, physical ans chemical conditions.
Polewali Mandar is one of the seaweeds producers in West Sulawesi. Production of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed in Polewali Mandar Regency has decreased to date (DKP Polman, 2015). This potential needs to get priority handling in order to make a greater opportunity to increase aquaculture production in the future. Identification of the site feasibility for the aquaculture development is important for spatial planning in accordance with the allocation to avoid conflicts of interests between marine and fisheries sector and other sectors. The identification of the accurate site can also be used as a success indicator of the farming efforts in accordance with the type of commodity and farming technology to be applied (Dahuri, 2001).
Coastal development for seaweed farming activities cannot be separated from water suitability factor. The main obstacles in the development of seaweed farming in Indonesia are the water location incongruity, water quality parameter unsuitability, and feeling-based site of farming (Hartoko and Helmi 2004). Furthermore, Hardjowigeno (2001) argues that land suitability is the fitness of a given type of land for a defined use by determining the value (class) of land and land use patterns related with the potential of the territory, so more targeted land use can be used for business and sustainability.
An alternative analysis approach is used to make it easier to know the suitability of land in a large area or region with the application of Geographic Information System technology
(Hambali, 2012). Furthermore, it is believed that based on spatial analysis with Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, land suitability class for seaweed farming could be obtained Longdill et al, (2008)
This study aims to analyze the water quality parameters for seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) farming in the water areas of Mandar Bay, West Sulawesi. The results of this study are expected to be a reference material in the management of water quality for seaweed farming efforts in Mandar Bay, West Sulawesi.
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
The research was conducted in October-December 2015 in a seaweed production area at Mandar Bay. The bay is located in 03o 421 8711 - 03o 451 1611 S and 119o 301 0611 - 119o 351 4311 E. Polewali Subdistrict, Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
This research was an explorative research. The researchers conducted surveys and direct measurements in the field by using quantitative approach with hypothesis testing. The testing aimed to collect data and information on the research location to obtain actual data related to seaweed farming activities in Mandar Bay (Sugiyono 2005).
Sampling was conducted on 12 stations by carrying out purposively sampling with consideration of seaweed farming (Figure 1). Each site of observation wherever possible represented or described the condition of the water areas. According to APHA (1998), before measurement and sampling, the determination of the coordinate point by using Global Positioning System (GPS) should be done first.
Figure 1 - Sampling Site
Data obtained in this research were primary and secondary data. Primary biophysical data were temperature, salinity, brightness, water depth, current velocity, directly-performed pH measurements, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, BOD, and cOd in the laboratory. For seaweed farmers, the data was obtained through interviews and questioners. Secondary data were obtained through Journals, Research Institutions, Earth Stations, Central Bureau of Statistics, and Department of Marine and Fisheries.
Conformity analysis was done based on utilization limiting parameter in terms of ecological aspect. The initial criteria were ecological factors such as temperature, salinity,
brightness, water depth, current velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, COD, BOD, nitrate, phosphate, (Hartoko and Kangkan, 2009; Anwar and Burhanuddin, 2016; Semedi et al, 2016).
Based on the feasibility assessment system referred to Bakosurtanal (Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional, National Coordinator for Survey and Mapping Agency) (1996) and DKP (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Department of Marine and Fisheries) (2002), the feasibility for seaweed farming is divided into four classes with 64.080.0 score is categorized Highly Suitable (S1), 48.0-63.9 score is categorized Moderately Suitable (S2), 32.0-47.9 score is categorized as Marginally suitable (S3) and <32.0 score is categorized as Not Suitable (TS).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of water quality parameters measurement at the sampling sites in 12 stations, the temperature range was between 30.0-30.6oC, the salinity range was between 29.6-30.6 ppt, and the pH was in the range of 7.28-7.96. All three parameters were in the highly suitable range for seaweed farming.
Brightness range between 3.5-9.0 m which was a highly suitable range for seaweed farming was located at stations 1, 2, 6, and 8, while other stations were not qualified for seaweed farming. Water depth range between 1.9-8.5 m which was a highly suitable range for seaweed farming was at station 2, 5, and 8, while other stations averagely did not meet the requirements for seaweed farming.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values range between 5.88-9.75 mg/L which was in the range of organic material contamination was found at station 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values range was between 108-117 mg/L. The value was in the range of pollution which could be found at the station 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Figure 2 presents a more detailed result.
COD (mg/l)
CV (cm/dtk)
150 100 50 0
-i—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—I
123456789 10 11 12
10 5 0
"I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Figure 2 - COD Range Curve
Figure 3 - Current velocity range curve
Current velocity range was between 3.5-8.3 cm/s (Figure 3), DO range was between 2.05-2.45 mg/L (Fig 4), and nitrate range was between 0.00010 - 0.00315 mg/L (Fig 5). The phosphate range was between 0.0069-0.1607 mg/L. The four water quality parameters were in the not suitable range and did not meet the requirements for seaweed farming in Mandar Bay waters.
DO (ppm)
Nitrat (mg/l)
T-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1
123456789 10 11 12
Figure 4 - DO Range curve
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 Figure 5 - 1 Nitrate Range Curve
3
2
1
Based on the spatial (overlay) analysis results of water suitability for seaweed farming in Mandar Bay, West Sulawesi with the seaweed growth determinants such as water depth, brightness, current velocity, temperature, salinity, pH and DO, Nitrate, Orthophosphate, BOD, and COD, it was found that the total water areas of Polewali Mandar Subdistrict was 1.252.66 ha, the site with highly suitable rate was 65.39 ha and the site with marginally suitable rate was 1.187.27 ha (Figure 6).
Figure 6 - Site suitability location of Mandar Bay water areas are in green color
Based on the subdistrict areas which is divided into five villages, Polewali village had highly suitable site of 13.16 ha and marginally suitable site of 231.89 ha, Wattang village had no highly suitable site of 0 ha and marginally suitable site of 126.22 ha, Lantora village had highly suitable site of 11.30 ha and marginally suitable site of 142.12 ha, Takatidung village had highly suitable site of 39.85 ha and marginally suitable site of 142.23 ha and Manding sub-district had highly suitable site of 1.08 ha and marginally suitable site of 34481 ha.
CONCLUSION
Water quality parameters which did not meet the requirements for seaweed farming were namely current velocity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, Nitrate and phosphate.
The total water areas of Polewali Mandar Subdistrict were 1.252.66 ha, the site with highly suitable rate was 65.39 ha and the site with marginally suitable rate was 1.187.27 ha. Based on the village area, Polewali village had highly suitable site of 13.16 ha and marginally suitable site of 231.89 ha, Wattang village had no highly suitable site of 0 ha and marginally suitable site of 126.22 ha, Lantora village had highly suitable site of 11.30 ha and marginally suitable site of 142.12 ha, Takatidung village had highly suitable site of 39.85 ha and marginally suitable site of 142.23 ha and Manding sub-district had highly suitable site of 1.08 ha and marginally suitable site of 34481 ha.
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