CC BY
42^MANAGEMENT
TIGRAN MARTIROSYAN
Head of the Science Division of Armenian State University of Economics, Doctor of Economics, Professor
YEVGЕNYA BAZINYAN
Head of the Postgraduate Division of Armenian State University of Economics, PhD in Economics, Associate professor
SARGIS ASATRYANTS
Associate Professor of the Chair of Management of Armenian State University of Economics, PhD in Economics
HAYKARAM DRMEYAN
PhD Student of the Chair of Management of Armenian State University of Economics
NARINE PETROSYAN
Master's Degree Student, Speciality of "Macroeconomic analysis and forecast", Armenian State University of Economics
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE POLICY AIMED AT THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BORDER COMMUNITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA (BY THE EXAMPLE OF BERD COMMUNITY)
The republic of Armenia has more than 180 border communities. Rural communities in comparison with urban communities do not possess sufficient human, material and other resources and infrastructures to efficiently organize community life. Border communities are considered to be one of the key factors of the country's safety, and, from
this perspective, the government should attach much importance to them. The research attempts to discover the efficiency of the RA state policy in the context of socioeconomic development of the border communities, as well as to define some possible guidelines for the development of border communities. Berd enlarged community has been thoroughly researched in the study, based on which the measures taken by the state policy were assessed, and the existing problems were revealed.
Keywords: border community, state policy, Berd community, infrastructures, security,
demographic situation, development. JEL: H70, H76, H53, R58 DOI: 10.52174/1829-0280_2021_5_35
Introduction. Issue identification impeding the development of border communities, risk assessment, identification of drawbacks of the state policy have always been the main prerequisite of the maximum demonstration of the real economic potential of any state. Currently, the uneven development of the regions is becoming increasingly problematic together with all accompanying risks such as population emigration, economic activity decrease, urbanization, population ageing, and regional GDP decrease, etc.
The main goal of the research is to demonstrate the community development issues of border communities by the example of Berd community of the RA Tavush region, to offer its real assessment and to offer applicable problem-solving methods. We should also identify the current primary issues of border communities, implement assessments of demographic and socioeconomic main indicators, state regional policy and develop conceptual ways for regional development based on these criteria.
Based on the above-mentioned goals, the following framework of issues for the conduct of the research has been identified:
• To study the state policy implemented in border communities,
• To assess the current gaps in legal and legislative spheres,
• To research structurally the programs (subvention programs) aimed at community development,
• To observe the current tendencies in demographic, economic and security spheres of the Berd community,
• To offer variants for the solution of the problems in these spheres.
As a result of the conducted research, it has been identified that Berd community has all the issues characteristic of the RA border communities that are emphasized in demographic, socioeconomic and security spheres. Taking into account the fact that Tavush region became a border community more than 2 decades ago, it is in a relatively better condition from the point of view of security provision.
Literature review. The identification of issues impeding the development of communities is quite essential in the context of solutions to the problems of even development of regional, especially border communities. Currently, the necessity of improvement of modes and methods of socioeconomic development is still of primary concern. The issues of regional development and their interpretation are present in the works of famous economists representing neoclassical direction,
namely, Solow, Mankiw and Romer. V.V.Novojilov, a Russian scientist, is also worth mentioning since he made significant contributions to the application of economic and mathematical approaches in the course of this domain study.
In recent years, we notice the active research works carried out by Armenian scientists and researchers in this sphere, who mainly implemented research on the even development of the regions as the main issues of their research. A number of valuable research has been implemented by the experts of ASUE Amberd research center concerning regional development problems, namely "The perspectives of the RA regional governance system with the installation of technological instruments", 1 "Inter-community cooperation peculiarities in the context of the RA Vayots Dzor region's economic development",2 "Assessment of agribusiness development in the RA regions (by the examples of the RA Lori and Tavush regions)",3 "The development of the model of socioeconomic development of the RA Shirak region", 4 "The development of the model of socioeconomic development of the RA Lori and Tavush regions",5 where the authors tried to identify the current issues in this sphere and offer personal approaches for their solutions. According to the issue identification and evaluation, it is clear that the research of the border communities itself is not thoroughly and properly researched. Therefore, our research can be valuable both for scientists and researchers interested in this sphere and individuals and state bodies designing the policies for its regulation.
Research methodology. To address the key research objectives, this research used both quantitative and qualitative methods. At the same time, in the course of the research, primary and secondary methods of research were coordinated and applied.
The qualitative data supports the quantitative data analysis and results. The result obtained is triangulated since the researcher utilized the qualitative and quantitative data types in the data analysis. The study area, data sources, and sampling techniques were discussed under this section.
The primary research was carried out by designing the questionnaire, community and residential area visits and sampling sociological surveys, discussions as well as case studies. Based on our designed questionnaire, we carried out factual assessments of demographic situation of the community,
1 Perspectives of the RA Territorial Administration System with the Introduction of Technological Toolkit, (2021). "Tntesaget" Publishing House, Yerevan. https://asue.am/upload/files/amberd/Amberd-43.pdf
2 Peculiarities of inter-community cooperation in the context of economic development of the RA Vayots Dzor region, (2021), "Tntesaget" publishing house, Yerevan. https://asue.am/upload/files/amberd/Amberd%2039.pdf
3 Assessment of opportunities for agro-tourism development in the regions of the Republic of Armenia (on the example of the Lori-Tavush regions of the Republic of Armenia) , (2021). "Economist" Publishing House, Yerevan. https://asue.am/upload/files/amberd/AGR0%2037.pdf
4 Development of a model of socio-economic development of the RA Shirak region", (2020). "Tntesaget" publishing house, Yerevan. https://asue.am/am/amberd/research/-development-of-socio-economic-development-model-of-ra-shirak-marz
5 The Model of Socio-Economic Development of the RA Lori L Tavush Marzes, (2020). "Tntesaget" Publishing House, Yerevan. https://asue.am/am/amberd/research/-socio-economic-development-model-of-ra-lori-and-tavush-regions
employment rates, infrastructure sufficiency and main economic indicators. The secondary research was carried out by studying the official statistics. The statistical data introduced by the RA Statistical Committee and other state and regional bodies were applied, different programs carried out in the communities by different organizations and state institutions were studied; their qualitative and quantitative assessment was carried out.
Experimental evaluation, Figureical analysis, combination, statistical analysis of data, cause and effect methods of studies were used in the course of this research.
Analysis. The focus on Armenia's border communities grew even further following the first Artsakh war, when a number of villages were partially or entirely destroyed. On November 17, 1998, by the decree N 713, the RA government for the first time defined the list of border communities,6 according to which 186 communities were considered to be border communities in the RA. This list should have become the basis for the development of security and socioeconomic programs for the border communities.
However, as we consider, the first and the main issue emerges here: "Border residential area", "border community" notions are not specified in the laws of the RA. The RA law on "border regions" was adopted on April 3, 2001, aiming at the development of the main principles of state policy towards border communities of the Republic of Armenia, the program foundations for their implementation, as well as the regulation of such relationships. According to decree N 1444-N on December 18, 2014 of the RA government (the title changed to 15. 12. 16 N 1266-N, edited 12. 02. 21 N 184-N), the social assistance was provided to the population of only 36 communities bordering Azerbaijan (after the 44-day war in 2020, this list was reviewed and the number of communities increased up to 81), the criteria were the distance of 2.5 km from the state border of the community and the consequences of non-usage resulting from the military actions and in areas being targeted by the enemy during 20082012. The RA law on "Tax exemption of the activities implemented in border communities" was adopted on November 20, 2014 (redefined version on December 21, 2017, number HO-297-N), according to which border communities' non-usable lands due to military actions in the administrative border are:
• Income from trade entities, realization activities in retail trade (buying and selling) by the population in the specific areas of trade as well as food catering spheres are exempt of sales taxes, and sole traders functioning in that sphere and sales taxpayers are exempt of the profit taxes from such entrepreneurial activities,
• Production within the framework of economic activity (excluding the production of goods subject to excise taxes) as a result of their organization process, namely:
a. income from the realization are exempt of sales taxes,
b. alienation transactions are exempt of value-added taxes,
c. income from realization is exempt of income tax or profit taxes.
6 https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=100442
• Defined by the RA tax code, implementation of activities considered to be an entity being taxed by license tax, excluding transportation by passenger vehicles, buses and vans, bookmakers and organization of internet bookmakers.7,8 The RA government defined the list of border communities that use this privilege on January 15, 2015 by the decree N 30-N, where 34 communities from 4 regions were included, namely, Ararat, Tavush, Gegharkunik and Vayots Dzor.9
In 2018-2020, 1184 programs have been implemented as a whole, out of which 106 in border communities, meanwhile these programs included only 58 out of 151 border communities in any case. Figures 1, 2 and 3 introduce the RA government's subvention programs of 2018-2020 implemented in the regions of Ararat, Gegharkunik, Syunik, Vayots Dzor and Tavush, according to the totality of border communities.
Figure 1. Value of subvention programs implemented by the RA government in 2018
(million drams)10
18,000 0 15,000. 0 12,000.0 9,000.0 S, 000.0 3,000.0 0.0
9.597.7
3.707.5
2.243.5
Om
10ft Ii 67.
1.095 2 697.91-570 3 913.9
nS*
lÀsa result of 111-3 compet L on. the amount of tl>e program-'mi 11 on AMD I I he amount of co-financing from tlve RA state budget - million AMD
Figure 2. Value of subvention programs implemented by the RA government in 2019
(million drams)11
7 https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=137521
8 https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=118693
9 https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=121986
10 The diagram was made by us based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2018 published by us on the RA MTA website.
Figure 3. Value of subvention programs implemented by the RA government in 2020
(million drams)12
Although the weight constituent in the RA state budget of the implemented subvention programs increased every year forming 0.11%, 0.58%, 0.77% of the state budget respectively in 2018, 2019 and 2020, we consider it to be insufficient, taking into account the strategy of the even development of the regions adopted by the RA government.
Figure 4. The weight of the subvention programs in border communities in its totality13
11 The diagram was made by us based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2019 published by us on the RA MTA website.
12 The diagram was created by the authors based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2020 published by us on the RA MTA website.
13 The diagram was created based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2018, 2019, 2020, published by the authors on the RA MTA website.
Figure 5. Subvention programs implemented in border communities in 2018-2020 according to directions (million drams)14
While studying the sphere directions of the implemented subvention programs in 2018-2020, we can notice that the main emphasis in border communities was on road maintenance works (asphalt paving of the roads, renovation, improvement works) the latter comprising 51% of the implemented programs or 4.172 million drams. The next biggest funding was for the provision and drainage of the drinking water system, and construction and renovation of the system of irrigation water of 23% or 1.867 million drams.
200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0
73.5% 71 71 2%
66-6% 65,3%
63.0% 62,7% 63,4%631% 62.5%
63,3%
60,2%
95,4 91,8 94,1 98,9 96,9
80.0% 70.0% 60.0%
47,7% 48,9%
50 01
42,5%
lllllll
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Labor resource ofTavush region 1000 m ■ The level of economic activity in Armenia Level of economic activity Tavush
Figure 6. The level of economic activities in Tavush region15
40.01 30.0% 20 0% 10.0% a o%
The observation community in Tavush region was chosen to be Berd enlarged border community. The main directions for funding of 2019 subvention programs were asphalt paving, modernization of street lights and machinery acquisition etc.
14 The diagram was made based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2018, 2019, 2020, published by us on the RA MTA website.
15 https://www.armstat.am/am/?nid=432
Table 1
State subvention programs implemented in Berd community in 2019 16
Program title Program sphere Total value of the program Funding from the RA state budget
Replenishment of public transport network of Berd community Acquisition of machinery 25,600,000 14,080,000
Complete renovation of the Renovation of property of 69 252 000 41551200 roofs of 8 blocks of flats blocks of flats ' ' ' '
Improvement of night lighting network in Berd community, Varagavan, Chinchin, Berd and V.K.Aghbyur communities. Building/renovation of street lighting system 58,680,000 38,142,000
Overhauling of 7.5 km road . . u • om rv™ ui nnn r„ , ,, Asphalt paving 392,070,000 235,242,000 of Norashen-Movses
Total 545602000 329015200
Table 2 State subvention programs implemented in Berd community in 2020 17
Program title Program sphere Total value of the program alter the tender Funding from the RA state budget
Building of drinking water pipes in Tavush, Choratan, Aygear and N.K.Aghbyur communities Building/renovation of drinking water provision and drainage systems 45,120,000 35,109,900
Complete renovation of roofs Building/renovation of and windows of cultural centers of Aygedzor, V.Karmir public buildings (cultural 71,160,000 33,525,000 center, community aghbyur, Varagavan and centers etc.) Norashen communities.
Asphalt paving of inner community road of 2 km of Movses village, and paving of streets and yards of Berd and Aygedzor communities totaling 10300sq.m. Building/ Renovation, asphalt paving of the streets of communities 79,639,392 52,890,116
... . . Renovation of total, Modernization of energy partial property of blocks efficiency, renovation of areas ,.„ r of flats, including 37,192,000 26,096,200 of 7 blocks of flats of application of energy- communal use efficient measures.
Total 233,111,392 147,621,216
Numerous other programs are implemented in Berd community by donors who were born in different communities, but currently live in foreign countries and have success there. This allows the community to rely not only on the state subvention funding.
16 The table was created by the authors based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2019 published by the authors on the RA MTA website.
17 The table was made by us based on the information available in the list of subsidy programs implemented in 2020 published by us on the RA MTA website.
Assessment of current state of Berd community of Tavush region and identification of problems
The following observation border communities of Tavush region, namely Ajgedzor, Aygepar, Mosesgegh, Nerqin Karmir Axbyur, Chinari, Choratan and Paravaqar are included in the enlarged community of Berd (community center is town Berd).
ZSi
The sufficient part of the information is provided by the community of town Berd, as well as we visited Paravaqar, Chinari, Choratan, Nerqin Karmir Aghbyur communities.
The analysis of the socioeconomic situation of Berd enlarged border community is implemented in the following directions, such as security, demographics, infrastructures, medical institutions, transportation, agriculture and employment.
Security. We can consider this zone as a slightly vulnerable from the point of view of its security, as this section of the RA state border from the onset of Artsakh war till now is factually considered to be a border. While facing all the problems arising from the conflict, the community has also formed reliable military infrastructures, as well as both the RA government and other public organizations and individuals have implemented a series of donation programs. Nonetheless, communities in this zone are in the target area from the Azeri army's localized positions and military units, thus are considered to be risky from the point of view of both residing and performing agricultural works.
o
2011 2017 2018 2019 2020
■ Current population ■ Permanent population
Figure 7. Number of permanent and current population of Berd community18
18 The diagram was made by us based on the information collected by our reaserch team based on the questionnaire survey which was done July-August 2021.
Demographic situation. Although particular infrastructures have evolved and developed throughout time, and contract soldiers make up a portion of the current community's population, emigration has increased by more than 12% in the last three years.
We can talk about some specific comparative stability, as in almost all communities the number of population is close to or exceeds the average indicator of the rural population of this region. Aygepar is to be excluded, where a comparatively small fraction of population is the result of the fact that this village does not have lands designed for agricultural works (pastures, arable lands, orchards are mainly adjacent to houses), so they cannot perform agricultural works.
Table 3
Population number as permanent and current in Berd community according to communities19
Permanent population
Current population
I 2011 I 2017 I 2018 I 2019 I 2020 I 2011 I 2017 I 2018 I 2019 |lgö
Average for the region 1220 1180 1169 1159* 1149
Aygedzor 2044 AAR 1892 1810 1718 1656 1852 A AI 1844 071 1751 1637 ||1605 071
Aygepar Mosesgegh M If Afikkwiif 4Ö5 1748 QH/1 493 1705 onn 379 1554 fi/IR 375 1520 fi1 1 379 1489 443 1465 fi/11 37 1 1686 OAA 386 1460 7Q1 356 1426 770 37 1 1398
IN.K.Aghbyur Chinari 904 887 RQR 900 940 QQR 848 903 ono 808 8II 844 7*37 793 828 70 Pk 841 814 800 901 7 91 874 7H1 772 827 7 64 797
Choratan Paravaqar 898 1464 995 1637 1556 /3/ 1580 726 1590 793 1483 986 1662 701 1419 655 1401 668 1408
Reference: The average regional population number was calculated from the publications of the RA SC, by dividing the permanent population number of the total rural communities by the rural communities of the region. The region's current population data are not accessible on an annual basis.
The average regional indicator of 2019 is the median number of 2018 and 2020, because there was an error on the website of the RA SC in that year's report, and the number of permanent population is introduced by the number of Vayots Dzor region.
Infrastructures
Preschool and school institutions, school clubs. As mentioned above, some particular infrastructures have been built and developed in this zone, as a result of which renovated kindergartens operate there.
What refers to the schools, it can be mentioned here that although they are located in every community and they are secondary schools, most of them need some level of renovation works.
There are different sport and cultural clubs for children in the majority of the communities under review. Most of them are located in town Berd and the availability of regular public transportation in Berd and its surrounding communities promotes an increase of extracurricular activities and personal
19 The diagram was made by us based on the information collected by our reaserch team based on the questionnaire survey which was done July-August 2021.
development of children. Functioning cultural center and library exist in almost all villages. There is a museum devoted to the history of the village that functions in Paravaqar besides all the above-mentioned facilities.
Table 4
Number of learners and teachers at kindergartens and schools according to communities20
Schools | Kindergartens
Number of pupils Teachers Building conditions Number of children Babysitters / teachers Building conditions
Aygedzor 193 RR 30 satisfactory 30 14 7 7 good
Aygepar Mosesgegh M If Arikkidir 50 113 CO 23 31 satisfactory satisfactory 22 60 "3D 11 7 7 good good
N.K.Aghbyur Chinari 92 78 11*3 32 27 satisfactory satisfactory 30 26 7 7 good good
Choratan Paravaqar II3 220 30 47 satisfactory satisfactory 32 53 7 9 good good
Medical institutions. In four communities from all the researched ones, the medical assistance to the population is carried out by medical units, where 2 nurses are on duty. One medical ambulance functions in Paravaqar and Mosesgegh with the medical staff of respectively 11 and 9, and a health center operates in Aygedzor. Besides the above-mentioned medical institutions, the population has an opportunity to use the services of the diagnostic clinic, hospital in Berd town, adjacent to which a policlinic and a military hospital also operate.
Drinking water provision, electricity, gas supply, telecommunication and communication systems. All the researched communities are provided with round-the-clock electricity and gas supply, they have an opportunity to use communication services of all the mobile operators. What refers to the provision of the drinking water, we can say that although the communities mainly have a satisfactory system of water provision, a great part of the population have water-measuring devices, the utilization and servicing of which are implemented by the community. Nonetheless, the water provision is performed according to schedule due to the scarcity of water resources, 3-4 hours daily, except Aygepar and Nerqin Karmi Aghbyur villages, where it is round-the-clock.
Transportation network. Both inter-state highways and inner community roads are sufficiently renovated and correspondingly asphalt paved and coated with metal. In the community, public transportation operates twice daily on planned routes, connecting all the communities to the town of Berd. (one-way fee is 200 drams).
Agriculture. The irrigation water issue is also acute here although the community has both rivers and several reservoirs. However, the irrigation system is in deplorable state, and the RA Water committee, responsible for its utilization, undertakes nothing according to the reports comprised by the population, because of financial resource scarcity. Meanwhile, except Aygepar, there are
20 The diagram was created by the authors based on the information collected by our reaserch team based on the questionnaire survey which was performed July-August 2021.
sufficient grape-cultivating areas in all the other communities and they cultivate cornels, persimmon and figs. The latter is mainly exported to the Russian Federation. There is refrigeration in Chinari that enables to store the collected berries, and a canning factory functions in Aygedzor.
The main purchasing agent of the grape products is the Berd branch of "Yerevan brandy factory" CJSC. They cultivate a small amount of bananas, kiwis and olives in Aygedzor.
What refers to the crops, the main emphasis is on the wheat and barley cultivation. There are potato plantations in Choratan and Mosesgegh.
The communities are sufficiently supplied with fodder. In 2021, especially the fodder from this region was resold to a number of the RA regions.
Table 5
Lands, orchards and crops of agricultural significance according to communities21
Aygedzor Aygepar Mosesgegh N.K. Aghbyur Chinari Choratan Paravaqar
Lands of
agricultural significance, hectares, 6610 2039 1531 615 1645 3122
from which
Pastures Arable lands 4956 420 1127 633 499 768 153 324 959 539 OQ 2464 416
Grasslands Orchards, from which The whole area is n---- n---- 34 29 6i
grapes figs grapes figs adjacent to houses, ui dpe Ul ape Grape Fig Grape fig Grape
cornel Persimmon cornel Persimmon Banana no other lands uui r ICI persimmon
Banana Olives Olives
Crops, from which
Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat
Barley Potato Potato Barley Barley Potato Barley Fodder Barley
Beans Fodder Beans Fodder Fodder fodder
What refers to domestic animals, although there are sufficient pastures, the population prefers breeding birds rather than small ruminants and cattle. There is a number of specialized farms and a milk production factory.
21 The diagram was made by us based on the information collected by our reaserch team based on the questionnaire survey which was done July-August 2021.
Table 6
Cattle breeding, bird breeding, bee-keeping according to communities22
Aygedzor I Aygepar Mosesgegh
Choratan \ Paravaqar
Cattle, the quantity Small 258 13 277 243 148 129 526
ruminants, 100 105 270 206 126 113
the quantity 01 RQ 11 /in 01 &FL /lonn
Birds Pigs 2189 120 339 7025 133 1140 132 70 72 2650 149 100 2166 129 RQ 89 4200 285
Beehives Rabbits 260 328 122 57 430
The demand for the agricultural machinery is provided by the machinery being the community property and others belonging to individuals.
Employment
As in other zones, here the issue of employment is rather acute especially among women and youth. Specialists with higher education and qualified professionals prefer finding work either in Yerevan or abroad, the main reason for which is the low pay for the same work done.
Table 7
Employment rate of the people with stable salary, being employed in non-agricultural significance activities23
Population of people (16-62 years old) Employment rate
Aygedzor 937 174
Aygepar 222 104
Mosesgegh 821 102
N.K.Aghbyur 490 94
Chinari 443 101
Choratan 381 129
Paravaqar 830 245
Contrary to other communities where the majority of employed people with stable salary are soldiers and state officials, here the above-mentioned employment status is provided by SME as well. Especially in Paravaqar and Choratan, "Tavush Textile" Ltd has its branches with 50 workplaces each, "Eco garden" Ltd is in Aygedzor that produces fruit and vegetable canning production, stewed fruits, natural juices and exports them, as well as a bakery. The soft drinks and lemonades factory operates in Nerqin Karmir Aghbyur, in the communities there are several guest houses, small and medium-sized grocery stores, petrol stations, etc.
Conclusion. Summarizing the above mentioned, we can conclude that:
1. Although the RA government has paid a significant attention to the border communities, the lack of specific and accurate mechanisms for
22 The diagram was created by the authors based on the information collected by our reaserch team based on the questionnaire survey which was performed July-August 2021.
23 Ibid.
the evaluation of efficiency of implemented measures deprived the provision of program continuity.
2. The significant part of the programs mainly demonstrated stability maintenance but did not promote the development of the border communities.
3. Regional differences of the indicators of connections between rural population number and other factors of the border communities allow us to implement differentiated regional policy for the solution of different problems of socioeconomic development of rural regions and separate communities.
4. We cannot discuss the efficient state policy of socioeconomic development, when there are problems connected with drinking water and irrigation in the border communities. As was mentioned previously, the drinking water provision is still a problem for the significant number of communities.
5. Although there is a more or less satisfactory system of water provision in the communities and its servicing is carried out by the community, due to the scarcity of water resources, the water provision is performed according to schedule, 3-4 hours a day, excluding Aygepar and Nerqin Karmir Aghbyur villages, where it is round-the-clock.
6. The irrigation problem is rather acute in the community, though there are both rivers and several reservoirs, the irrigation system is in deplorable state, and the RA Water committee, responsible for its utilization, takes no measures, according to the reports comprised by the population because of financial resource scarcity.
7. The level of subvention programs in border communities is rather low and does not fully serve the needs of the communities.
References
1. Perspectives of the RA Territorial Administration System with the Introduction of Technological Toolkit, (2021). "Tntesaget" Publishing House, Yerevan. (« rnwpw&gwj|ib llwnw^wpdwb hwdwl|wpq|i hbQwb^wpbbpQ1 mb^itin|nq|iwl|wb qnp&|igwl|wqd|i tbpppdwdp, (2021), «Shyihuuiqbyi» hpwrn., bpLwti), https://asue.am/upload/files/amberd/Amberd-43.pdf
2. Peculiarities of inter-community cooperation in the context of economic development of the RA Vayots Dzor region, (2021). "Tntesaget" publishing house, Yerevan. (U|i2liwdwjtigwj|ib hwdw-qnp&wl|gnLpjwti wnwb5bwhwml|nLpjnLbbbpp « 4wjng 5np|i dwpq|i isibmbuwl|wb qwpqwgdwt hwdwrnbgusmLd, (2021), «Shyihuuiqbyi» hpwrn., bpLwti), https://asue.am/upload/files/amberd/Amberd%2039.pdf
3. Assessment of agro-tourism development opportunities in the regions of the Republic of Armenia (on the example of the Lori-Tavush regions of the Republic of Armenia), (2021). "Tntesaget" publishing house, Yerevan, 2021, (Uqpnqpnuw2p2nLpjwt qwpqwg-dwt htwpw^npnLpjnLttbp^ qtwhwrnnLdp « dwpqbpmd («
Unnm L Sw^nL2h dwpqbp|i op|ibwl|n4), (2021), «St^buwqbs» hpwrn., bpLwb),
https://asue.am /upload/files/amberd/AGR0%2037.pdf
4. Development of a model of socio-economic development of the RA Shirak region, (2020). "Tntesaget" publishing house, Yerevan (« C|ipwl||i dwpq|i ung|nwL-mtimbuwl|wb qwpqwgdwb dnp.b|Ji d2wl|nLd, (2021), «Shyibuuiqbyi» hpwrn., bpLwb), https://asue.am/am/amberd /research/-development-of-socio-economic-development-model-of-ra-shirak-marz
5. The model of socio-economic development of RA Lori L Tavush marzes, (2020), "Tntesaget" publishing house, Yerevan. (« Unnm L Sw^nL2h dwpqbp|i ung|nwL-mbmbuwl|wb qwpqwgdwb dnp.b|_p, (2020). «Shyibuuiqbyi» hpwrn., bpLwb),
https://asue.am/am/amberd /research/-socio-economic-development-model-of-ra-lori-and-tavush-regions
6. https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=137521
7. https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=118693
8. https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=121986
9. https://www.armstat.am/am/?nid=432
ShOPUL tfUPShPnU3UL
¿iuijuiuyiuihft u/byiML/uih iptyibuuiqftyiwLiuih huiiJuiiuuipuihft qftyirn-pjuih puidhft luipfc, iphyibuuiqftyinLpjuih r}nLiyinp, u/pn^bunp
b4ObL3U PU2hL3UL
¿iuijuiuyiuihft u/byiwLiuih iptyibuuiqftyiwLiuih huiiJuiiuuipuihft Luuu/ftpuihyim.puijft puidhft luipfc, iphyibuuiqftyinLpjuih p-blihui&m., ^ngbtyi
UUPOhU UUUSP3ULS
¿iuijuiuyiuihft u/byiwliuih iptyibuuiqftyiwLluih huiiJuiiuuipuihft
luinuiLluipiJuih unJpftnhft r).ngbhyi, iphyibuuiqftyim-pjuih p-biitui&nL <U3^UPUtf TPtfb3UL
¿iuijuiuyiuihft u/byiwLiuih iptyibuuiqftyiwLiuih huiiJuiiuuipuihft LiuinuiluipiJuih unJpftnhft Luuu/ftpuihyi
LUPhLb ^bSPnU3UL
¿iuijuiuyiuihft u/byiwLiuih iptyibuuiqftyiwLiuih huiiJuiiuuipuihft «WuiLipnyihyibuuiLiuih IbpinL&nLpjnLh U LiuihfriuiyibunLiJ» ifuiuhuiqftyinLpjuih ifuiqftuyipuihyi
Zwjwuswbft ^wbpw^bsnLpjwb uwhJwbwJbpd hw-ifwjbfbbpfr ungfrwisbsbuwtywb qwpqwgdwbb mqqtfwd ¡ybswtywb fwqwfwtywbmpjwb ifhpinL&mpjnLb (Pbpq. hw-ifwjbffr opfrbwtyntf).- <wjwurnwb^ <wtpw^bmnLpjnLtt nib^ w^bih fwt 180 uwhdwbwdbpS hwdwjtf: 0-jnL^wlwb hw-dwjtftbpQ, ^ mwppbpnLpjnLt fw^wfwj^t^, ^rnhbh pw^wpwp dwp^wj^b, tjnLpwlwt L wjl nburnpubbp, ^b^bu twL bt-pwlwnnLg^w&fbbp1 hwdwjtfwj^t liwtft wp^jnLtw^bm lwqdwlbp^b[nL hwdwp: UwhdwtwdbpS hwdwjtftbpQ jnL-pwfwt^jnLp bplp^ wt^swtqnLpjwt w^whn^dwt IwpLnpw-
цлуЬ о^ш^^Ьр^д ЬЬ, hЬmUшpшp, ш]и hшJшmЬfumnLJ, щЬтр t ф^Ь^ ^шnш4шpnLpJш^ шnшhЙhшhшmnL^ т2ш^т-
<n^4ш6nLJ hЬp^шJшд4nLd t uшhdшhшdЬpЙ hшJшJ^f^Ь-ипд^ш[-т^тЬиш|ш^ qшpq.шдdшhh т^дЦшб « щЬтш-шp^.JnL^ш4ЬmnLpJnL^Q: и^штш^-fnLJ ^^ш^^т nLunLJ^шu^p4ЬL t PЬp^ ^n2npшд4ш6 hш-JшJ^fQ, np^ ^ ^шmшp4ЬL Ь^ 4Ьpn^2JШL рш^шрш-
2P2шhш^ЬpnLd d^2nдшnnLdhЬp^
шp^.JnL^f^Ьp^ qhшhшmnLd и шп|ш pшдшhшJ-
mnLJ:
^^ЬшршпЬр. uшhlшЬшlbpд hшlшJЬf, и/Ь^ш^шЬ ршцшрш^ш-
Ьт^тЬ, РЬрц hшlшJhf, ЬЬр-ш^шптд^ш&рЬЬр, шЬlsшЬqnLpJnLЬ,
dnqnlp^шqpшlшЬ ^ршфбш^, qшpqшgnLl:
1Е1_: Н70, Н76, Н53, к58
РО1: 10.52174/1829-0280_2021_5_35
ТИГРАН МАРТИРОСЯН
Заведующий отделом науки
Армянского государственного экономического университета, доктор экономических наук, профессор
ЕВГЕНИЯ БАЗИНЯН
Заведующий отделом аспирантуры
Армянского государственного экономического университета, кандидат экономических наук, доцент
САРГИС АСАТРЯНЦ
Доцент кафедры менеджмента
Армянского государственного экономического университета, кандидат экономических наук
АЙКАРАМ ДРМЕЯН
Аспирант кафедры менеджмента
Армянского государственного экономического университета НАРИНЕ ПЕТРОСЯН
Магистрант Армянского государственного экономического университета по специальности «Макроэкономический анализ и прогнозирование»
Анализ государственной политики, направленной на социально-экономическое развитие приграничных общин Республики Армения (на примере общины Берд).- В
Республике Армения более 180 приграничных населенных пунктов. Сельские общины, в отличие от городских, не имеют достаточных человеческих, материальных и других ресурсов, а также инфраструктур для эффективной организации общинной жизни. Приграничные общины являются одним из важнейших звеньев для обеспечения безопасности каждой страны, и в данном контексте вопросы их социально-эконо-
мического развития должны находиться под пристальным вниманием государства.
В статье представлена эффективность государственной политики РА, направленной на социально-экономическое развитие приграничных населенных пунктов. В ходе исследования была детально изучена укрупненная община Берда, на примере которой были оценены результаты мероприятий, реализованных в рамках вышеуказанной политики, и выявлены существующие проблемы.
Ключевие слова. приграничная община, государственная политика, община Берд, инфраструктура, безопасность, демографическая ситуация, развитие.
Н70, Н76, Н53, к58 РО!: 10.52174/1829-0280_2021_5_35
