Analysis of the main directions of preservation and development of the territories of Kyiv region Текст научной статьи по специальности «Социальная и экономическая география»

UDC: 339 138 351

Romanenko Yevhen Oleksandrovych,

Doctor of Science in Public Administration, Professor, Honored Lawyer of Ukraine, President of the Ukrainian Assembly of Doctors of Science in public administration, Head of the Department of Public Administration, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, 03039, Kyiv, Str. Frometovskaya, 2, (044) 490 95 00, e-mail: poboss@ukr.net

ORCID: 0000-0003-2285-0543

Романенко €вген Олександрович,

доктор наук з державного управлтня, професор, заслужений юрист Укра1-ни, президент Всеукра1нсько1 асамбле1 докторiв наук з державного управлтня, 3aeidyeau кафедри публгчного адмi-тстрування, Мiжрегiональна Академiя управлтня персоналом, 03039, м. Кшв, вул. Фрометiвська, 2, тел.: (044) 490 95 00, e-mail: poboss@ukr.net

ORCID: 0000-0003-2285-0543

Романенко Евгений Александрович,

доктор наук по государственному управлению, профессор, заслуженный юрист Украины, президент Всеукраинской ассамблеи докторов наук по государственному управлению, заведующий кафедрой публичного администрирования, Межрегиональная Академия управления персоналом, 03039, г. Киев, ул. Фрометовская, 2, тел.: (044) 490 95 00, e-mail: poboss@ ukr.net

ORCID: 0000-0003-2285-0543

Chaplay Iryna Vitaliivna,

PhD in Public Administration, Executive Director of the Presidium of the civic scientific organization, "Ukrainian Assembly of doctors of science in public administration", Andreevski spusk, 11, office 68, Kyiv, 04070, tel.: 0639517855, e-mail: irina_pravo@ukr.net

0RCID:0000-0003-4927-0610

Чаплай 1рина Вталйвна,

кандидат наук з державного управлтня, виконавчий директор Президи Всеукрат-сько1 асамбле1 докторiв наук з державного управлтня, Андрпвський узвiз, 11, оф. 68, м. Кшв, 04070, тел.: 0639517855, e-mail: irina_pravo@ukr.net

0RCID:0000-0003-4927-0610

Чаплай Ирина Витальевна,

кандидат наук по государственному управлению, исполнительный директор Президиума Всеукраинской ассамблеи докторов наук по государственному управлению, Андреевский спуск, 11, оф. 68, г. Киев, 04070, тел.: 0639517855, e-mail: irina_pravo@ ukr.net

ORCID: 0000-0003-4927-0610

ANALYSIS OF THE MAiN DiRECTiONS OF PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORIES OF KYIV REGION

Abstract. The characteristic features of the socio-economic development of the Kyiv region are considered. Their role in the economic development of the area, region and country is shown. Basic recommendations for solving of the urgent problems of cities of the Kyiv region and integration of their territorial complexes in a single socio-economic area of Ukraine are formed.

Keywords: territorial development, socio-economic areas of preservation of cities, Concept of conservation and development of areas.

АНАЛ1З ОСНОВНИХ НАПРЯМК1В ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОР1Й КШВСЬКО! ОБЛАСТ1

Анотащя. Розглянул характеры риси соцiально-економiчного розвитку мют Кшвсько'1 область Показана 1х роль у господарському розвитку тери-тори, регюну та кра1ни. Сформован базовi рекомендаци щодо виршення нагальних проблем таких мют та штеграцп ix територiально-господарськиx комплексiв у единий соцiально-економiчний простiр Укра1ни.

K^40Bi слова: розвиток територiй, соцiально-економiчнi напрями збе-реження мiст, Концепцiя збереження та розвитку територш.

АНАЛИЗ ОСНОВНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СОХРАНЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ КИЕВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Аннотация. Рассмотрены характерные черты социально-экономического развития городов Киевской области. Показана их роль в хозяйственном развитии территории, региона и страны. Сформированы базовые рекомендации по решению насущных проблем таких городов и интеграции их территориально-хозяйственных комплексов в единое социально-экономическое пространство Украины.

Ключевые слова: развитие территорий, социально-экономические направления сохранения городов, Концепция сохранения и развития территорий.

Target setting. Kiev region, by the level of development of the sphere of services, industrial and agricultural productions, investment volume, enters to the top five economically-developed regions of Ukraine, however, has its own specific problems of socio-economic development. Uneven of development of areas of the region, significant difference of the socioeconomic status of areas and cities of regional importance are some of these problems. Correlation of the maximum and minimum values of the volume of the realized industrial production per one person in 2015 was 223 times. The maximum value of this indicator occurs in Myronivsky area and are equal to the 89.3 thousand UAH, while its minimum value in Ivankov district was only 400 hryvnia. The correlation of the maximum and minimum values of the volume of capital investment per one person is striking and is equal to the 68.4 times. Thus, because of the availability in the center of the region unlimited number of the consumers of goods and services, as residents of the capital, the region has great potential for development, in return, the outflow of labor forces and intellectual needs focusing of the efforts on the development of peripheral areas with the purpose of liquidation of the striking disparities of the socio-economic state.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Systematization of the practical aspects of conservation and development of territories of Ukraine, including Kyiv region was reflected in the works of: M. Dolishnogo (1999) S. Ishchuk (1997), A. Kulik (1999), E. Plug (1997), D. Stechenko (2000), L. Udotova (2002), M. Chumachenko

(1993) L. Shevchuk (2001), V. Shvets (2005) and other domestic and foreign researchers. In the specialized literature there are different types of alternative ways of their implementation.

The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study lies in operation of practical recommendations concerning the development of main directions of conservation and development of areas of the Kiev region.

The statement of basic materials. For Ukraine, in the conditions of transitional type of economy, an important aspect in the implementation of regional development policy are identifying and studying of the problem regions for the development of measures and incentives specific to each type of selected areas. In particular, for the development of differentiated regional policy it's necessary to select areas of the following types: ecologically unfavorable, with a high concentration of population and production; industrially and poorly developed agriculture; industrial depression; reserving; recreational and others (Stechenko, 2000).

Kyiv region is the metropolitan region in the center of which Kyiv — the capital of Ukraine is located, the powerful, political, business, industrial, scientific and technical, transport and cultural center linked to the area by the closed business and social ties, where the main governments of the region are located, but administratively Kyiv doesn't enter to the constitution of the region.

Climatic conditions, fertile soil and geographical location of the region are favorable for agricultural production and for the development of transport infrastructure. Dnipro River, with

formed Kiev and Kanev reservoirs, divides the oblast into two parts: the right bank and left bank, which creates additional problems for economic development as the bridges transitions between them are located only within the capital.

On the competitiveness of regions and cities in the region two powerful factors are affected: population size and location relative to the center of Kyiv region, which is the largest market of goods and labor force in the region. In the nearest town to areas of the Ky-iv — Boryspil, Brovarsky, Vasilkovsky, Vyshgorod, Kiev Svyatoshinsky and Obukhov, who make up about a quarter of the region (26,3 %), almost half of the population of the regions are lived (45,8 %).

The southern parts of the region — Boguslavsky, Volodarsky, Mironovskiy, Rokytnianskyi, Skvyrskyi, Stavysche, Tarashchansky, Tetiivskyi — are populated predominantly by the rural population, its total share is 60 %.

The four eastern districts — Bary-shevsky, Zgurovsky, Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky and Yagotynsky — make a similar group with the same population density (39,1 %), an area that is 14,6 % of the territory and 9,3 % of the general population of the region.

As a result of this kind of settlement, the most powerful economic regions are those that adjacent to the Kyiv and to the city of White Church, and the southern and eastern areas are far behind in economic and social developments from the central. We cannot take into account the significant historical, demographic, cultural, religious and other differences. It's necessary take into account the emergence on the

west of the state of the common border with the European Union, which conduct an active regional policy and many other factors (Ishchuk, 1997).

Summarizing the above mentioned, it's possible to say that today there are exist a need in the formation of the Concept of preservation and development of the territories (hereinafter — the Concept). Directions of the Concept, in turn, should focus on economic, social and infrastructure aspects that are important for the improving of the quality of life in rural areas.

The main directions of the Concept are the following:

• increasing of the level of rural employment;

• integrated development of areas in the interests of local communities;

• recovery of the economy of northern areas of the Kiev region, that are affected as a result of Chernobyl disaster.

Let's consider each of the above depicted directions in more detail and analyze their substance.

Directions 1. Increasing of the level of rural employment.

In the group of the southern regions (Boguslavsky, Volodarsky, Mironovs-kiy, Rokytnianskyi, Skvyrskyi, Stavis-chanskaya, Tarashchansky, Tetiivskyi) that make up a quarter of the region, 60 % is the rural population.

In the four eastern and three western regions, respectively, 50 % and 40 % of the population also live in the rural areas.

In all these areas the main problem is the low level of rural employment, which gradually turns them into deprived areas due to the outflow of hu-

man resources and reducing of the socio-economic level in the villages and towns. Therefore, it is necessary to direct the efforts of government and society on the preservation of the existing workforce, improving of their skills, stimulating of the creation of new job places through the self-employment. Special attention should be focused on supporting of young people, which are interested to start their own business in the country. Implementation of ideas of the Concept of the Direction 1 aims to:

• creation and supporting of the cooperative movement in rural areas;

• promotion to the imposition of capital enterprises in the parts of the region;

• promotion to the development of the farms with the production of environmentally clean and organic products;

• creation of new types of the businesses, supporting of the business ideas of young people (Ku-lik, 1999) and others.

Direction 2. Integrated development of areas in the interests of local communities.

The infrastructure of villages and settlements area is mostly in unsatisfactory condition now. There are exist many problems in the road transport network of the rural areas and improving of this situation requires the significant investment, financial investment and organizational measures. Therefore, it is necessary to focus the attention on both on general design ideas of the development of some areas in the region, and on resolving of local problems, which can help to open ad-

ditional possibilities of rural development by implementing the ideas of the Concept of the Direction 2, which, in turn, provides:

• creation of the coordination center from the implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan — Agency of the Regional Development of the Kyiv region;

• development of the city building documentation of the rural areas;

• developing of the planning schemes of the territories;

• development of the infrastructure of the rural areas;

• construction of the social (low-cost) housing for settlers from the area of anti-terrorist operations of the region;

• development and improvement of a road network of the peripheral areas of the region (Kachan, 1997).

Direction 3. Recovery of the economy of northern areas of the Kiev region that are affected as a result of Chernobyl disaster.

Today, radiation situation on the territories of the region that are affected by the accident on the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, is stabilized actually. The dose of gamma radiation on the surface of the soil in comparing with 1986 year is decreased in hundreds of times. During the years 2000-2013 the excess of cesium-137 and strontium-90 in drinking water, produced, agricultural products and harvested medicinal raw materials were not detected.

In the Ivankov and Polissyan areas, an area that is 17,4 % of the territory only 2,1 % of the population are inhabited. At the time there are exist the restoration on the northern areas of the

economic activities, and also social life. On the achieving of these goals, the implementation of project ideas of this Direction is directed.

Implementation of the project ideas of the Direction 3 means:

• improving of the utility infrastructure of settlements;

• raising of the living standards of population through the development of cooperative movement;

• preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage of Polissya.

Thus, the Concept includes 3 Directions, which consist of the relevant project ideas. Each of the Directions is concerned of identified problems of sustainable development. Implementation of the project ideas of the proposed Concept is possible through:

• involvement of the funds of the State Fund for Regional Development and financing through the public sector programs;

• introduction of measures to the program of the regional socioeconomic development, sectoral regional programs;

• attracting of funding from project ideas and technical assistance programs by the subjects of regional development of the different organizational and legal forms;

• nvolvement of the funds of local budgets (where this is envisaged by the projects conditions) (Stechenko, 2000) and others.

It should be noted that the formation of the proposed Directions will be carried out in extremely difficult for the country and region years at a significant decline of the economy in conditions of reform of the country

and availability of external aggression. Therefore, among the main conditions of their implementation are two: first, the success of the reforms, declared by the Government of Ukraine in the State Regional Development Strategy of Ukraine till 2020; second — the effectiveness of response to external challenges, connected with the military conflict.

Successful implementation of the Concept should help to achieve the following results:

• creation of agricultural cooperatives;

• development of SMEs in rural areas;

• increasing of the employment and incomes in the peripheral areas;

• creation of new businesses and new types of the economic activities in peripheral areas;

• providing of employment of the population and growth of the self-employment of rural youth;

• saving of labor resources of the peripheral areas of the Kiev region;

• creation of Regional Development Agencies Kyiv region;

• development of Advanced planning scheme of the placing of business and main areas of human activity on the territory of Kyiv region;

• intensification of youth groups in the public, political and business life;

• development of the city building documentation of the region settlements;

• development of the communal infrastructure in the northern regions;

• preservation of the cultural heritage of Polissya;

• creation and development of the Kyiv Regional Investment Agency (Kyyivoblinvest).

General conditions, which have a value to the implementation of the Concept, are: the success of reforms declared by the Government of Ukraine and the effectiveness of response to the external challenges, connected with the military conflict in the east. The next important conditions of the success realization of this Concept are the availability and transparency of the financial resources of the State Fund for Regional Development and others.

Implementation in the Kiev region of the international projects from the supporting of the practice of sustainable local development will contribute to the achieving of positive results.

The following conditions are the technical capacity and adequacy of enforcement capacity for the implementation of project ideas, as well as effective and efficient work of the Agency of Regional Development, which will coordinate the implementation of all project ideas, help to attraction of additional funds and carrying out of lobbying activities.

Raising of the level of informational awareness and efforts from the implementation of project ideas can help to create a critical mass of stakeholders in order to fulfill the Concept. Tangible changes can be achieved not only in the long term perspective, but in the coming years, due to the implementation of the policy of Ukraine, directed on the decentralization and increasing the capacity of local governments.

Formation of the Directions of the Concept from the balancing of the la-

bor market is based on the assumption that employers, interested in a positive result, will participate in the implementation of project ideas on the principles of the social partnership.

In the part of the implementation of the Concept on the increasing of the social activity of population the basic assumption is adequacy of the positive experience previously implemented project ideas aimed on the development of communities.

Formation of the Concept Directions can be more effective in conjunction with the appropriate measures of the programs in the field of development of human capital and the economy. Providing of the additional capacity for the increasing of the household income, in the framework of this Concept, must be supported by the implementation of project ideas in the sphere of development of domestic tourism and economic development of the peripheral districts (Chumachenko, 1997).

An important positive moment is the direct relationship of this Concept with other Government Programs from the questions of ensuring the economy of the country, especially with the Strategy of Sustainable Development "Ukraine — 2020", which stipulates that one of the priority ways of developing of our country is providing of a systematic and comprehensive approach to its further social and economic development (Order of the President of Ukraine "Strategy of the Sustainable Development "Ukraine — 2020" of 12 January 2015).

The main risks of development and implementation of the Directions of providing of the development areas of the Kiev region are:

• neglecting of the problems of the periphery for central regions;

• not filling of local budgets, lack of investment, aging of population, demographic decline;

• inability of government and public institutions to organize a productive cooperation with the peripheral areas;

• irrational use of natural resources in the agricultural sector;

• failure of government authorities to eliminate existing structural and economic imbalances;

• non-compliance to the international standards in the fields of industry, logistics, transport, services and agriculture;

• lack of the stakeholder partnerships, ready to support the implementation of specific project ideas and Conception;

• lack of preparation, desire and administrative capacity for the implementation of project ideas and lack of success in mobilizing of the necessary resources (funds);

• untimely solving of the social, educational, infrastructural, environmental and other problems of the population of peripheral areas;

• deepening of the economic crisis and political instability and others.

It should be noted that the success of the implementation of each of the Directions of the Concept and obtain-ment of the positive impulses of the development of a region, or a substantial part of it is based on a reasonable balance of the regional (state) and private interests. Therefore, where it's

possible, it's necessary to implement a combination of funding from the State Fund of the Regional Development from the state programs, with the regional budget and funding of the private investors. In addition, it is advisable to involve the local budgets (regional, cities, towns and villages) and projects and programs of the international technical assistance.

Conclusions. Summarizing all the above mentioned, we can conclude that for the effective functioning and development of the cities of Kyiv region it's necessary take into account their specific features, principles and factors of influence. In order to achieve a successful implementation of the Concept it's necessary to create a critical mass of all interested parties — namely, local farmers and investors, representatives of public and nongovernmental organizations, local, district and regional government bodies, academic institutions and educational institutions, cooperatives and utilities.

In order to obtain the financial resources and technical assistance, providing of management capacity and practical experience in implementing of the similar programs, the participation of the Projects of international technical assistance (including the European Union) are in great importance.

The experience of implementing of the Strategy of regional development strategies of other regions (and countries) may be useful in the performance of project ideas and contribute to the obtainment of a maximal efficiency. There are some common project ideas that are usually are realized in elsewhere and that have a positive results, such as

microcredit schemes, agricultural cooperatives, regional development agencies and others (Shvets, 2005).

Development and conservation of the territories are closely linked to quality of life. In this case the quality of life is the degree of compliance of the conditions and living standards to the scientifically justified specifications and certain standards (Udotova, 2002). Peripheral areas and rural areas also can receive an additional boost for the increasing of the welfare of people through the implementation of project ideas of the development of domestic tourism, which will contribute to the diversification of a many kinds of economic activities.

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