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25ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF THE MOTELS Aydar Ye.1, Mayorov S.M.2, Samoilov K.I.3
'Aydar Yerasyl - Bachelor of Arts, post graduate Student;
2Mayorov Sergey Meirambekovich - Candidate of Architecture, Professor;
3Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich - Doctor of Architecture, Professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, KAZAKH NATIONAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER K.I. SATPAYEV, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: a Significant increase in the number of car owners has led to the fact that the share of motor tourism in various forms of recreation is already about 25%, and in the future, with the creation of appropriate infrastructure, its share will increase significantly. Along with the rapid development of automobile tourism, the volume of cargo transportation has also increased, which has led to the need to pay more attention to the organization of services for car owners on their way. At the same time, the level of service on the road must meet international standards that impose high requirements for the degree of comfort of movement and recreation of motorists. Keywords: motel, convenience, auto tourism.
UDC 72.01
The concept of "comfort", in relation to the institutions of trailering, includes a list of mandatory conditions such as the level of organization of all kinds of tourist services; the nature of natural or urbanizacao environment; the architecture and landscaping of the complex as a whole and living cells in particular; the method of storage (Parking) of the vehicle and the relationship of Parking by place of residence (a room, house, trailer). An important requirement is the mandatory isolation of the residential part of the car complex from noise and dust arising from automobile traffic on the highway and on the site of the complex. A clear distinction between functional and operational requirements in relation to various types of tourist institutions is hindered by the lack of a common terminology base. The terms used for their designation are very different and numerous: "autopansionat", "hotel for motorists", "camp" and so on.
"Motel" (similar to a hotel) - an institution for recreation of motorists and truck drivers year-round operation, with a high level of hotel service and the presence of a well-organized car service. The Motel rooms are equipped with a full set of equipment, including plumbing. In the Motel, a dining room or restaurant is mandatory, and a shop for car tourists is desirable.
Motels, classic roadside hotels with large flashy neon signs, are the epitome of American culture. But what is a Motel, and what is the difference between a hotel and a Motel?
Initially, roadside hotels were intended only for motorists, which is where the name came from:"motor hotel". U.S. motels are low-rise buildings that are usually located along highways. This distinguishes them from hotels that tend to the city center. The doors of the Motel rooms usually face the street, and the hotel rooms-on the contrary, in the inner corridor [1].
"Camping" "Camping" places to stay overnight, often in tents or summer houses. Clients-auto, motorcycle, Bicycle tourists. There are very few properties and capital structures in campsites. Located on natural sites, often near natural or historical attractions, campsites are designed to provide outdoor activities or educational services - if cultural sites are close. If in motels tourists rent rooms, then in campsites-areas of territory for temporary Parking of tents, cars with tents, auto-houses or caravans. Camping sites are rented out bungalows, caravans, and mobile homes. The latter, although they may have wheels, but, unlike caravans, they are not vehicles, figure [2].
"Rotel" (similar to a camp) - an institution of seasonal operation, intended for recreation of motorists traveling in cars with trailers. Rotel only provides for the equipment of the territory with the allocation of driveways and places for the installation of trailer trailers. All service facilities and structures of Rotel are located in houses of lightweight type or in special trailer cars. Campsites and rotels are usually the end points of a motorist's route. Motels are usually transit in nature and have a year-round maintenance regime. Motels are located close to the highway and are built along the highway at intervals equal to the average daily car ride (300-500 km) [3].
As you know, you can travel by car alone, as a family of two, three or more people, as well as a group of friends. There are several ways to ensure rational recreation of various groups of motorists in terms of number and composition.
1. a Method that provides for strict rationing of the number of rooms and their percentage in the Motel (that is, the capacity is not regulated).
2. the Method of organizing paired rooms of different capacities, communicating with each other and having the ability to combine into a single number.
3. the possibility of changing the room capacity by installing an additional bed in it (if the room is large enough).
Hotel rooms often use the method of transforming the bed, a family double bed can turn into two single beds in the spread position. Seasonal fluctuations in the number of motorists can be very significant. Therefore, it is better to design motels with sufficient flexibility in terms of capacity in General and individual rooms in particular. The third option (with additional beds) is becoming more common for this reason. For it, the following are calculated:
1. total number of rooms or Parking spaces;
2. stationary bed capacity (based only on stationary beds);
3. maximum occupancy the number of beds (including extra beds).
The capacity of motels for more than 2000 places exceeds the needs of auto tourism, since the auto tourist flow will not ensure the occupancy of hotel rooms. On the other hand, motels with a capacity of up to 30 cars are usually not profitable. The highest efficiency is achieved with a capacity of 48 to 96 car seats. One employee serves, as a rule, 12 rooms. The number of rooms must be a multiple of 12. each room must be equipped with a sanitary node. At the same time, it is important to ensure that all rooms of this type are located one floor above another, for the convenience of designing the sewer network.
Location. Motels are located on motorways at a distance of 500-1000 km from each other, near large cities, as well as favorite places for excursions and recreation during the holiday period. The choice of the site for construction should be made taking into account the optimal provision of water, electricity, gas, fresh food, Laundry.
Hotels, gas stations, and car service stations should not be located near motels, but they should be close enough. Relative to the highway, the Motel is located so that the headlights do not disturb the residents. You should avoid placing motels on hilly areas due to noise when braking and when turning on the engines of cars.
Entrances. It is necessary to take into account the length of the braking path (at a speed of 100 km/h — about 150 m, at a speed of 70 km / h — about 70 m). Traffic schedule: a short stop at the office to get the number, then drive to an open Parking lot, Parking under a canopy, or to a garage located as close to the room as possible. Check out of the Motel-also past the office for control and delivery of keys.
Sizes. Unlike urban hotels, motels are usually single-story, freely located on land. In case of uneven seasonal loading of motels, it is recommended to build several small residential buildings on the site (for 4 to 8 rooms each) with independent gates and latches at the entrances of water, gas and electricity networks. The construction of separate buildings costs more than blocked buildings. Please keep the covered entrances to the office low to prevent trucks from entering the property.
The Motel should provide a spacious living room (hall), designed for simultaneous stay of all residents, with niches for reading and writing letters, tables for games, with a radio, TV, kiosk for selling Souvenirs, etc. Telephone booths should be equipped with seats and writing materials, maps, telephone directories, etc., since they are intended only for long-distance negotiations.
Room size needs to be larger than the numbers of urban hotels. The rooms are from 4 x 4 to 5 x 5 m, with a bathroom and sometimes with a niche for cooking, even in cases where the room is single.
To combine two adjacent rooms into a two-room room, a door is provided in the partition between them. Since most residents spend only one night in the room (up to 90%), the equipment of rooms with wardrobes, chests of drawers, etc.is unnecessary; only a large open dressing room wall is arranged, in which all things are visible and therefore can hardly be forgotten.
Utility and service rooms: Central Laundry, designed for washing five sets of bed linen for 1 place in the Motel (1 set-in use, 3 sets in the Laundry room, 1 set-in the Laundry room); storage room for cleaning equipment, which sometimes stores a cart for transporting clean and dirty linen, as well as soap, detergents, toilet paper, vacuum cleaners, brooms, brushes, rags, etc.; storage room for garden tools, ladders, snowplough, garden furniture, etc. [4].
If possible, garages should be located in the immediate vicinity of the rooms. Entrances, Park territory, and pedestrian paths should be drained, since residents leave the room directly outside. Playgrounds should be kept away from residential rooms so as not to disturb sleepers.
References
1. Cult American hotels: cool and unusual US motels. [Electronic Resource]. URL:
https://www.momondo.ru/discover/moteli-usa/ (date of access: 07.05.2020).
2. ASPECTS OF SERVICE ORGANIZATION IN SPECIALIZED HOTEL ENTERPRISES / Andreeva SV, Surikova TV. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://zip.sibupk.su/upload/medialibrary/monografii/2015/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0 %B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0 %B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%A1.%D0%92.,%20%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8 %D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%A2.%D0%92..pdf/ (date of access: 07.05.2020).
3. Motel / Breev V.S. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://pnu.edu.ru/media/filer_public/24/06/24069694-51e1-4e62-b548-1e3a743f0dc6/motel_lecture.pdf/ (date of access: 07.05.2020).
4. Construction design / Ernst Neufert; Translation from German Cand. tech. Sciences K.S. Feldman and M. Yu. Kuzmina; edited by Cand. tech. of Sciences Z.I. Astrova and candidate. archit. E.S. Kraevoy. Moscow: stroizdat, 1991. 392 p., ill. ISBN 5-274-00236-6. Translation of the publication: Bauentwurfslehre / E. Neufert F. Vieweg & Sohn Braunschweig / Wiesbaden.
TRANSFORMATION AND ADAPTATION IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE Tolep A.E.1, Samoilov K.I.2, Balykbayev B.T.3
1Tolep Almas Erboluly — Bachelor of Arts, undergraduate Student;
2Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich — Doctor of Architecture, Professor;
3Balykbayev Baizhan Tuleukhanovich - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, KAZAKH NATIONAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER K.I. SATPAYEV, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: transformable elements, objects, and architecture have been used by people for a variety of purposes since ancient times. Analysis of the development of transformable systems shows how situations were solved when the execution of structures using conventional static structures became impossible, and there was a need to develop new structures. This article examines transformable architectural objects and systems, as well as the relationship between art, engineering and technology in architecture, which acquires the quality of response and adaptation to constantly changing functional requirements. Keywords: architecture, art, transformation, dynamics, movement, adaptation, kinetic facade.
Unique buildings with a public function based on the application of architectural transformation have their own individuality and uniqueness. The image solution can be modified based on a dynamic form and depending on specific conditions. Transformable systems and dynamic forms allow not only to create unique imaginative solutions, but also to provide all the necessary functional processes, as well as to provide for the possibility of changing them in connection with emerging, over time, new needs. Such systems form a multifunctional space. Creating a multifunctional space can be achieved by using mobile structures and elements. At the same time, the transformation can be internal, due to the use of transformable walls, partitions, and other elements inside the building, and (or) external, based on changes in the volume of the building itself, its shell. Transformable systems based on innovative technologies make it possible to create highly efficient structures that preserve natural resources, which is currently a prerequisite for building construction. Application of the achievements of sustainable architecture related to eco-technologies, by using the dynamics of structural elements that regulate microclimate (for example, transformable facade systems allow you to adjust the parameters of the microclimate in the room is constantly changing under the influence of the environment: sun, wind, rain, etc.) [2].
The use of such systems is based on preliminary calculations and experimental studies, in which the building itself is considered as a single spatial system, which includes the bases and foundations, frame and coating, while equipped with the latest technologies. A comprehensive analysis has shown that the use of transformation in the architecture of unique public buildings increases the possibility of their operation, providing individuality, versatility, comfort. Thus, the transformation is implemented in public buildings in order to create: first, the uniqueness of the building, through the use of innovative structural systems and individual imaginative solutions; second, the necessary functional processes and the ability to adapt spaces, ensuring their versatility; third, the dynamics of the volumetric solution or its elements, depending on climatic conditions, and through the use of intelligent technologies, in order to create a favorable microclimate. The use of innovative transformable systems in the architecture of unique public buildings can be considered as a method of changing the spatial planning solution depending on the requirements, functional processes, specific conditions, as well as creating a sustainable architecture based on the introduction of "green" technologies [1].
