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Samatov Rustam Gaffarovich, senior lecturer, Tashkent Institute of Design, Construction and Maintenance of Automotive roads E-mail: samrustar@mail.ru
ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION FACTORS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Abstract. This article expounds factors affecting to performance of road transport systems, methods, and criteria for performance also the results of their calculations.
Keywords: road transport, international cargo, quality ofperformance, factors, integral indicators, expert evaluation, discounting.
As it is known, the competitive environment in the activity of the International Cargo Transport Enterprise (CTE) is one of the main sources of development. However, many competitors, including large transport companies with substantial resources, do not have the capability to meet all the needs of their customers, while they spend most of their time on their activities.
In their activities, motor transport companies use different forms and methods of competition and their different exploitative qualities (lfigure).
Competitiveness is a complex concept, and it is described in various scientific sources [1-6]. The quality ofCTE competitiveness is practically determined by their exploitation characteristics. It is therefore desirable to disclose this concept.
First of all, it is necessary to define the concept of exploitation characteristics of the motor transport enterprise. The exploitation characteristics of the vehicle transport company are the ability to maintain a leading position among other transport companies for a long time in the market of transport services (TSCs).
Figure 1.- Sources of exploitation characteristics of the motor transport enterprise
The main principle of logistics approach to this issue is the priority of client's interests.
Quality and exploitation quality of carriage services in transport market service (TMS) is a combination of technical and technological features, guarantee system,
compensation and benefits that reflect customer satisfaction and the level of traffic, the level of its purchasing, at a specific time of the within a specific segment of competitiveness.
The exploitation quality of the automobile transport enterprise CTE is not immanent, because it operates in a certain competitive environment, which is influenced by factors.
Based on the aforementioned, we can say that external and internal factors influence the CTE competitiveness.
The use of a structured approach has allowed to systematize the factors identified by the source of inputs, quality and price components. The concept of exploitative quality also applies to road transport vehicles other than the CTE (Table l).
In analytical systems of exploitative attributes value is cal- most commonly used: differential, complex and combined culated by using the methods of calculation. The following are styles.
Table 1. - Factors influencing the exploitation characteristics of motor vehicles
Factor initiator Factors influencing the quality of transport products Factors affecting exploitation characteristics of transport services
Car traffic management system Normative documents, appearance of new varieties of enterprises in motor transport Change of ownership and business structure in motor transport
Government Environmental policy, normative documents Economic, credit-monetary, fiscal, customs policy, political factors, economic, political and social stability
Customers Customer needs Demand law, price elasticity of demand, segmentation
Competitors Quality of competitive transport products Price Strategies, Competitive Transport Costs
Partners Strategic potential of partner companies Partner behavior
Investors Investment Terms Interest rates on loan, debt repayment
Working Resources Quality of human resources Workforce Cost
Environment Climate, road conditions Climate, road conditions
Freight Suppliers Quality of material resources, availability of resources Level of material resources prices
Non-budgetary funds Funding policy Interest rates and conditions
Illegal environment Racer, theft, the sharp deterioration of the situation Racer, theft, the sharp deterioration of the situation
Casualty force-major cases force-major cases
ATC environment Efficiency, corporate governance structure, business strategy of enterprise strategic capacity Organizational business strategy - organizational structure and market strategies management, type of transport
Car transport system Advances in scientific and technical development of the motor transport ITT achievements in motor transport, trends in the economy, level of development of demand for goods
In the composite set of indicators commonly used, an integral indicator of exploitative quality can be determined which can be determined by the sum of the sum of the action of the tool of action, in relation to the total cost of its creation and operation:
" (1)
KH =
n
xa + x3
where: P'S - the sum of the effects of the tool operation;
XYA - sum of cost of creating the tool;
XE - the sum of exploitation costs.
In the various sources [4; 7; 8], the use of exploitative quality assurance methods is based on the conventional assessment of the results of expert evaluations. The drawback of this approach is that attracting experts can lead to such a situation in which it is impossible to guarantee that some of the values of the indicators reflect the objective situation.
Therefore, this research has suggested a methodology for re-evaluating expert assessments.
The following list of quality indices can be developed using this technique in the scope of research of exploitation characteristics of vehicles.
Transportation and logistics systems (LTS) are not limited to the transportation process. They do not depend on the type of transport used by carriers or passengers, but by taking into account the required dimensions, duration and quality characteristics. Thus, he uses the principle of constructing a multitude of logistics modeling systems that allows the management of logistics systems on a single basis.
Evaluation of factors influencing the exploitation quality characteristics of motor transport enterprises is carried out in several stages.
If experts have been forced to give the same or average color to several factors in the process of color separation, then in this case, the Co-ordination Coefficient can be determined using the following formula:
W = ■
S
1 m
m2(K3 - K) - m
2
m
It=1 a*? - ), d 12 ;
(2)
(3)
where the number of identical colors in ti-j-colors.
The coefficient of conversion varies between 0 < W < 1. When W is greater than 0, the opinions of the expert are so compatible. The significance of the coefficient of the coefficient is estimated by the Xi-square (Pyrrhic Conformity):
12S
X/ =-
mK (K +1)
If it is determined by formula 6, then: 2 S
X2 =-
1 mK (K +1) -
2 K —
m
—XT —i j j
(4)
(5)
Detecting the table value ofXi is 95% probability for practical matters. If X2jad(0.05; k) < X2, it is possible to estimate 95% probability of the experts' opinions.
Let's go back to the question now. Experts' assessments are based on the matrix of color-based distribution factors (Table 2).
As seen in the table, experts have estimated several factors. Therefore, we have to calculate the corresponding colors: T1 = 23-2=6; T3 = 23-2 = 6; T5= 23-2 = 6; T6 (23-2) + (23-2)= 6 + 6 = 12 T = 23-2 = 6; T = 23-2 = 6; T = 6 + 6 + 6 +12 + 6 + 6 _ 42 = 35
j 12 _ 12 .
The coefficient of the coincidence is: 2612.5
W = -
1
1
*10 (7 +1)--— *3.5
12 v ' 7 -1
2612.5 2612.5
- = x = -
46.6 - 0.58 46.02 Calculate the sum of the square of xi:
X 2his = x =
= 56.8
2612.5
1
1
*10*7 (7 +1)--— *3.5
12 v ; 7 -1
2612.5 2612.5 „ „
=-=-= 56.8
46.6 - 0.58 46.02
95% of the square value of the square of Xi; with probability and k 6, X2 = (0.05/6) = 12.59.
12.59 << 56.8 so, 95% of probability is that the opinions of the experts are compatible.
Table 2.- Factors Conditional mark Conditional number of experiment Colors set Color coefficient of color combination Volatility
№ Factors Conditional mark Conditional number of the experiment COLOR collection An average deviation of the color combination Heavy Quadrature
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. Delivery Guarantee X, 1.5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 16.5 -23.5 552.25
2. Delivery time X2 1.5 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 14.5 -25.5 650.25
3. Delivery to destination X3 6 5 4 5 4 3.5 4 4 4 3 42.5 2.5 6.25
4. Delivery of the required volume of cargo X4 3 4 5 3 5 3.5 2 3 3 4 35.5 -4.5 20.25
5. Full satisfaction of transportation needs X5 5 3 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 5.5 43.5 3.5 12.25
6. Providing the requested type of transport X6 4 6 6.5 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6 6 5.5 59 19 361
7. Choosing the optimal shipping scheme X7 7 7 6.5 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 7 7 7 68.5 28.5 812.2
280 2612.2
T = 40
When selecting the factors affecting exploitative quality characteristics of the motor vehicle, the diagram of their color distribution is shown in the following figure (Figure 2).
Table 2.- Diagram of the colors by factors influencing the performance characteristics of road transport
10 14.5
20 16.5
30 35.5
40 42.2
50
60 43.5
70
80 59.1
90
100 68.5
It is therefore desirable to systematize the basic requirements for trucks involved in international cargo transportation (Figure 3-4).
Investigations on the problem of re-production of fixed capital of motor transport, according to approaches [9-10], cannot be the basis for the development of methods of investment in competitive action instruments.
Thus, transportation of international goods by motor transport requires a number of transport, technical, organizational, legal and economic issues that are not found in the domestic market.
Table 3.- The price of cars
Competing for international carriage of goods by way of automobile transport, the formation of a bank of similarities can be carried out on the basis of classification in the market of certain transport services, taking into account their purpose, operational conditions and life cycles.
At the stage of identifying the most competitive vehicle, we have considered the following cars: Volvo FH-12, DAF FT 95XF, Mercedes Benz Actros, MAN TGS19,400. The summary of these tools is shown in (Table 1).
included in a similar bank
Vehicle model Customs duties and taxes, US $ Total Customs Duties and Taxes, US Dollars Customs Duties and Taxes, U. S. Dollars
Volvo FH 12-460 105000 26250 131250
DAF FT 95XF 106484 26621 133105
Mercedes-BenzActros 1846 LS 110600 27650 138250
MAN TGS19.400 4 x 2 BLS 114913 - 114913
Table 4.- Competitiveness index for technical and operational characteristics for cars entering similar banks
Vehicle model Discounted Gross Income from Expropriation of Movement, (USD Thousand) Discounted total exploitation costs associated with earnings, (thousand US dollars) Cost of Competitive Indicators for Technical Exploitation Indicators
Volvo FH 12-460 6719008 4770496 1.09
DAF FT 95XF 6719008 4972066 1.05
Mercedes-BenzAc-tros 1846 LS 6719008 5576777 1.00
MAN TGS19.400 4 x x 2 BLS 6719008 4165785 1.22
Estimates on financial results are shown in (Table 5). It is possible to conclude that the purchase of 50 trucks by credit will allow expanding the process of transportation.
Taking into account the return of loan amount in the first year of 1621045 thousand soums in the first year of the
enterprise, it is 1580063 thousand soums, of which profit is 40982 thousand sums. Project profitability is 38%. NPV -1734 518, IRR - 8%. Period of validity is 6 years.
rate of investment of different amounts r and t. (r = 7 percent t = 1.07 for one year, 2 years 1.145, 3 years 1.225, 4 years 1.311, 5 years 1.403, 6 years 1.501 coefficients)
FV = PV*(1 + r)t (6)
FV - value of the next period; PV - valid value;
r - investment profitability, interest rate; t -time interval, number of circuits. Revenue from investment project in national currency for the first year was 10361088 sums, discounted income for the remaining years in foreign currency.
FV1 = 6279447 * 1.07 = $6719008 thousand US dollars FV2 = 6279447 * 1.145 = 7189966 thousand US dollars FV3 = 6279447 * 1.225 = 7692322 thousand US dollars FV4 = 6279447 * 1.311 = $8232355 thousand US dollars FV5 = 6279447 * 1.403 = 8811064 thousand US dollars FV6 = 6279447 * 1.501 = $9425449 thousand US dollars One of the special methods of financial and economic According to the results of analysis of tables 6, 7 the
assessment of investment projects efficiency was discounting highest indicator of technical competitiveness is the MAN [11]. In the calculation of future values special tables are used, TGS19.400 4 x 2 BLS. as well as the special tables included in the ratios of the initial
Table 6.- Calculating the Comparative Cost and Competitiveness Criteria for Performance Models of the Study Models
Vehicle model ' n' USD Thousand Aj, USD Thousand 3» USD Thousand Ц , USD 3KB Thousand K nn
Volvo FH 12-460 129380 6719008 4770496 131250 1.00
DAF FT 95XF 6719008 4972066 133105 1.13
Mercedes-BenzActros 1846 LS 6719008 5576777 138250 1.42
MAN TGS19.400 4 x 2 BLS 6719008 4165785 114913 0.68
Table 7.- Computation of the integral criterion of competitiveness
Vehicle model Ar, USD Thousand 3y, USD Thousand Kpp Kint
Volvo FH 12-460 6719008 4770496 1.00 1.25
DAF FT 95XF 6719008 4972066 1.13 1.22
Mercedes-BenzActros 1846 LS 6719008 5576777 1.42 1.18
MAN TGS19.400 4 x 2 BLS 6719008 4165785 0.68 1.38
The calculations show that similar vehicles of international motor transport are the most competitive in the bank as the MAN TGS19.400 4 x 2 BLS.
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Table 5.- Financial outcomes (thousand sums)
Revenue from sales 10361088
VAT 315770
Net trading income 10045318
Cost of goods sold 6701901
Gross income 3343417
The running expenses 61800
Other expenses 282524
Tallage 403729
Implementation costs 207222
Income from operating activities 2388142
Credit payment 663626
Pre-tax income 1724516
Single tax 6%
(calculation) 103471
Net profit 1621045
8. Ferapontov A. P. A new approach to assessing product quality // Standards and quality, 1993.- No. 10.
9. Kuznetsov A. P. Methodological foundations of cargo transportation management in transport systems.- M.: Academy, 2002.- 276 c.
10. Samoilovich V. G. Technology assessment of the motor transport business.- M., Academy, 2006.- 208 p.
11. Lukinsky V. S. Models and methods of the theory of logistics: - SPB.: Peter, 2007.- 448 p.
12. Bosherov S. D., Gurvich F. G. Mathematical and statistical methods of expert assessments.- M., Statistics, 1993.- 213 p.
