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МАРКЕТИНГ УСЛУГ И ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
MARKETING OF SERVICES AND TERRITORIES
UDC 338.46
DOI: 10.24412/1995-042X-2021-2-102-109
Inna S. KOROLEVA
Belgorod State University (Belgorod, Russia) PhD in Geography, Associate Professor; e-mail: koroleva_i@bsu.edu.ru
Ekaterina V. VISHNEVSKAYA
Belgorod State University (Belgorod, Russia) PhD in Economics, Associate Professor; e-mail: vishnevskaya@bsu.edu.ru
ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL SERVICES DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN THE REGION
(THE CASE OF THE CITY OF BELGOROD)
Abstract. The penetration of digital technologies into all aspects of everyday life is becoming an increasingly important factor in the socio-economic development of countries and regions. Modern information technologies affect the modern economy and form a new type of economy - the digital economy, the main elements of which are digital ecosystems. Analysis of Russian and foreign practice, as well as theoretical research shows that servicezation and digital transformation of socio-economic systems are carried out on the basis of digital platforms that integrate economic, social and technological processes that form digital service ecosystems. The development of urban services in the city of Belgorod is facilitated by the implementation of the concept of creating a "Smart City". A comparative assessment of the development of the city service system allows us to conclude that Belgorod region is in the lead in most of the studied areas, with the final indicators in areas higher than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation. But in comparison with large cities, Belgorod is inferior in many important areas, due to the size of the budget for information and communication technologies. To identify preferences in using digital services, a survey was conducted among residents of Belgorod. Most residents of Belgorod are ready to completely switch to using digital platforms to solve everyday problems.
Keywords: information and communication technologies, urban service, digital technologies
Citation: Koroleva, I. S., & Vishnevskaya, E. V. (2021). Analysis of the digital services development indicators in the region (the case of the city of Belgorod). Servis v Rossii i za rubezhom [Services in Russia and Abroad], 15(2), 102-109. doi: 10.24412/1995-042X-2021-2-102-109.
Article History
Received 13 April 2021 Accepted 19 May 2021
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
© 2021 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
УДК 338.46
DOI: 10.24412/1995-042X-2021-2-102-109
КОРОЛЕВА Инна Сергеевна
Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет (Белгород, РФ)
кандидат географических наук, доцент; koroleva_i@bsu.edu.ru
ВИШНЕВСКАЯ Екатерина Владимировна
Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет (Белгород, РФ)
кандидат экономических наук, доцент; vishnevskaya@bsu.edu.ru
АНАЛИЗ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВЫХ СЕРВИСОВ В РЕГИОНЕ
(НА ПРИМЕРЕ г. БЕЛГОРОД)
Проникновение цифровых технологий во все аспекты повседневной жизни становится все более важным фактором социально-экономического развития стран и регионов. Современные информационные технологии влияют на современную экономику и формируют новый тип экономики - цифровую экономику, основным элементов которой являются цифровые экосистемы. Анализ российской и зарубежной практики, а также теоретических исследований показывает, что сервисизация и цифровая трансформация социально-экономических систем осуществляются на основе цифровых платформ, интегрирующих хозяйственные, социальные и технологические процессы, формирующих цифровые сервисные экосистемы. Развитию городских сервисов в г. Белгород способствует реализация концепции создания «Умного города». Сравнительная оценка развития системы городского сервиса позволяет сделать вывод, что Белгородская область лидирует в большинстве исследуемых направлений, имея итоговые показатели по направлениям выше, чем в ЦФО и РФ. Но в сравнении с крупными городами г. Белгород уступает по многим важным направлениям, что обусловлено размером бюджета на ИКТ. Для выявления предпочтений в пользовании цифровыми сервисами был проведен опрос среди жителей г. Белгород. Большинство жителей Белгорода готовы полностью перейти на использование цифровых платформ для решения повседневных задач.
Ключевые слова: информационные и коммуникационные технологии, городской сервис, цифровые технологии
Для цитирования: Королева И.С., Вишневская Е.В. Анализ показателей развития цифровых сервисов в регионе (на примере г. Белгород) // Сервис в России и за рубежом. 2021. Т.15. №2. С. 102-109. DOI: 10.24412/1995-042X^021-2-102-109.
Дата поступления в редакцию: 13 апреля 2021 г. Дата утверждения в печать: 19 мая 2021 г.
СЕРВИС
В РОССИИ
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Introduction. The analysis of Russian and foreign practice, as well as theoretical studies, shows that the servicezation and digital transformation of socio-economic systems are carried out on the basis of digital platforms that integrate economic, social and technological processes, forming digital service ecosystems [1, 2, 3]. The number of electronic services is becoming more and more every year. The work of the city economy is controlled with the help of such services as "Active Citizen", "Our City" and others [4, 5]. But technologies are changing, and it is necessary to reach a new level of development of electronic services, services, and the information city. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive approach to the introduction of information technologies in the system of urban service, which would cover all aspects of life [6]. According to the results of 2019, the market volume of solutions for smart cities in Russia exceeded 81 billion rubles, more than 2.5 thousand solutions in the field of smart cities were implemented [7]. The Ministry of Construction plans to introduce digital technologies in eight areas: management, housing and utilities, public transport, urban environment, public and environmental safety systems, communication network infrastructure, tourism and service [8, 9].
The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the development of urban digital services in a regional context using the example of Belgorod.
Materials and research methods. As a source material, we used statistical data characterizing the development of digital technologies, analytical reports of studies of the digital technologies market in the Russian Federation and the world. Theoretical and comparative analysis was used as a research methodology.
To compile an assessment of the development of the urban service system, was used the method of correlation analysis. The group of criteria for each area (e-business, e-education, e-culture, use of information and communication
technologies by households and the population) in total was maximally equal to 1, thereby for each criterion, depending on their number in the set, the correlation coefficient was calculated. Statistical data, taking into account the correlation coefficient, were summarized for each direction. Also, a questionnaire survey and semantic interpretation of the data were carried out. The target group of the study were residents of the city of Belgorod (50 people) and guests of the city who came with tourist purposes (20 people). The structure of the study includes the following aspects: social portrait (gender, age, education) of residents and guests of the city of Belgorod at the time of study; use of digital services; advantages and disadvantages of digital service.
Also, a questionnaire survey and semantic interpretation of the data were carried out. The target group of the research were residents of the city of Belgorod (50 people) and guests of the city who came with tourist purposes (20 people). The structure of the study includes the following aspects: social portrait (gender, age, education) of residents and guests of the city of Belgorod at the time of research; use of digital services; advantages and disadvantages of digital service.
Research results and their discussion. The development of the city information service system implies the widespread introduction of digital technologies and the readiness of the population to use them. In this regard, we will analyze the development of digital services in the region using the example of the city of Belgorod.
In 2019, in Belgorod region, the Digital Development Department introduced innovative solutions in the following areas: regional information processing center; public transport; electronic prescription; "House.Control"; IT-education; regional portal People's Expertise; digitaliza-tion of state and municipal services; development of regional infrastructure of e-government; infrastructure for mobile communications and broadband Internet access, etc1.
1 Department of Digital Development of the Belgorod Region. URL: https://belregion.ru/author/?ID=2148 (Accessed on March 18, 2021).
In 2019, Belgorod Region became the first region for the introduction of electronic prescriptions into the healthcare system. The application allows receiving a referral from a doctor in digital format, track all appointments for the period of treatment, compare the cost of a medicine in different pharmacies. The service is free, all medical institutions in the region and 190 pharmacies are connected to it. Also in 2019, Belgorod residents have the opportunity to pay for transport services by credit card. In Belgorod and Stary Oskol an application for interaction between residents and management companies "House.Control" has appeared: 90 management companies have already registered in it. The service will help residents to solve online almost all emerging issues and problems.
In 2019, in order to compile a rating taking into account supply and demand indicators in the main areas of everyday urban life (transport, healthcare, finance, administration, education, media), the criteria were analyzed and a rating of Russian cities was compiled. The third position in the ranking is taken by Belgorod - like Krasnodar and Yekaterinburg, it overtakes Moscow and St. Petersburg2.
Belgorod is a regional center, has shown an example of a balanced supply and demand, which is developed in public services, healthcare and trade3. Supply and demand are developed in administration, health care and trade and also a high supply in education, demand is greatly inferior in finance (fig. 1).
Note that a limited set of criteria was used to compile a rating for the development of digital life. For example, the transport proposal was assessed by the availability of Yandex.Transport or an analogue and the presence of electronic timetables at stops. The demand for transport services by search queries "timetable for transport,
timetable for bus, route bus / trolleybus / tram / route taxi / minibus, Yandex transport, Smart transport" and derivatives - Wordstat Yandex, number of requests for 28.07.2018 - 27.08.2018. Wordstat Yandex makes it possible to analyze a two-year period of requests, which is why the choice of a period limited to one month is not clear4. It should also be borne in mind that Yandex is used by about 5055% of the population of the Russian Federation, respectively, the final figures must be adjusted taking into account this circumstance.
Fig. 1 - The ratio of supply and demand of digital services in the city of Belgorod
In our opinion, in connection with the development of digitalization and the growing role of ICT in the life of society, it is necessary to analyze the expenses of the regions in this area. The ranking of ICT (information and communication technologies) expenditures in Russian regions is based on data published in official sources on regional IT budgets for 2020-2022 as of 03/20/2020 [10, 11].
Moscow (82.5 billion rubles), St. Petersburg (19.3 billion rubles) and the Moscow region (10 billion rubles) are in first place in terms of IT spending. In 2020, the Krasnodar Territory moved up to 4th place from 16th in 2019. It displaced the Perm Territory to the 5th place (4.4 billion rubles). These 5 constituent entities of the Russian
2 Rating of cities by the quality of electronic government services 2019. URL: https://nonews.co/directory/lists/cities/city-services-rating (Accessed on March 12, 2021)
3 Public services in 2019: the main events and facts. URL: https://www.gosuslugi.ru/help/news/2019_12_30_re-sults_of_the_year (Accessed on March 11, 2021)
4 Indicators of the digital economy 2019: statistical collection. URL: https://www.hse.ru/data/2019/06/25/ 1490054019/ice2019.pdf (Accessed on March 09, 2020)
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Federation account for 121.5 billion rubles. or 57.2% of all regional ICT spending.
Note that in many Russian regions, specialized divisions have appeared that are responsible
not only for informatization and communications, but for the digitalization of government bodies. The Department of Digital Development of the Belgorod Region was formed in 2018 [12].
Table 1 - Total ICT expenditures of Russian regions5
ICT expenses, ICT budget Dynamics Population Total ICT spend-
Region million rubles expenditures of ICT ex- million peo- ing per capita in
2020 2019 % penses ple 2020
Moscow 82 4б8 74 В00,б0 2,62% 11,00% 12,4 6 650,60
St. Petersburg 19 277 14 877,20 11,59% 29,б0% 5,3 3 637,20
Moscow region 9 988,30 9 09б,10 1,48% 9,80% 7,4 1 349,80
Krasnodar region S Вб0,70 1 SSS,40 1,83% 244,70% 5,6 957,3
Perm region 4 410,80 В б20,90 2,70% 21,80% 2,6 1 696,50
Belgorod region 1 408,90 8S7,1 1,36% б4,40% 1,6 880,6
Table 2 - Criteria for the development of the information society in Russia [16]
Group Indicator
1. Factors in the development of the information society
Human capital The level of education and professional training of the population
Innovation potential Resource base of research and development work and innovation activities. Effectiveness of research and development and innovation activities
ICT infrastructure and access Personal computers and Internet access Affordability of ICT services
Economic environment Availability of financial resources
Information industry Characteristics of ICT workers
Information Security Use of information security tools
2. Using information and communication technologies (ICT) for development
Electronic government The use of ICT in the activities of public authorities and compulsory medical insurance
Electronic business Integration of information systems (IS) and sharing of information within the organization Internet using E-commerce
Electronic education The use of ICT in the educational process and management of an educational institution Readiness of educational institutions for ICT-based development
E-health Readiness of healthcare institutions for ICT-based development Use of ICTs in healthcare institutions
Electronic culture Information resources and services of cultural institutions
Use of ICTs by households and the population Internet Usage
The range of spheres and industries that the regions have chosen as priorities for the introduction of digital technologies is quite wide [13, 14].
For most of the regions, the priority spheres and industries are: health care (75% of regions); urban environment (75% of regions); personnel and
5 Russian regions plan to increase IT spending by a third. URL: https://www.cnews.ru/articles/2020-05-22_regiony_planirovali_uvelichit_itrashody (Accessed on March 28, 2021)
education (66% of regions); transport and communications, including wireless communications and digital mobility (61% of regions); Housing and communal services and energy (56% of regions) [15].
To analyze and identify criteria by which one could objectively judge the level of digitaliza-tion in various fields of activity, it is necessary to monitor statistical material. We analyzed a set of indicators reflecting the development of ICT, and identified a group of criteria that most fully demonstrate the development of the urban service system.
e-business
use of ICTs by households
and the population
electronic culture
e-education
■ Belgorod region
■Central Federal District
■ Russian Federation
Fig. 2. - Comparative assessment of the development of the urban service system based on statistical data
The set of criteria for the development of the information society in Russia, discussed above, we took as a basis for evaluating the
development of the urban service system. We evaluated the development of the city service system based on statistical data in four areas: e-business, e-education, e-culture and the use of ICT by the population. There are no statistical data on other groups of criteria in the regional context. A comparative assessment of the development of the city service system allows us to conclude that the Belgorod region is leading in most of the studied areas, with the final indicators in the areas higher than in the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation.
When compared with Moscow, Belgorod is inferior in many important areas, but the budget for ICT is an important factor. Thus, ICT expenditures in Moscow for 2020 are planned in the amount of 82,468 million rubles (2019-74,300 million rubles), in Belgorod - 1,408. 9 million ru-bles6. At the same time, in comparison with 2019, the budget expenditures for ICT in Belgorod increased by 1.64 times (in 2019, the budget for ICT was 857.1 million rubles). But we note that the total expenses per 1 resident in Moscow are equal to 6,650. 60 rubles, in Belgorod-880.6 rubles. Such a difference in the ICT budget is reflected in the weak development of urban digital services [17].
To identify preferences in the use of digital services, we conducted a survey among residents of Belgorod. Residents of Belgorod identified the most important areas of application of digital services: transport (80%), financial (72.5%), online shopping (70%), media and entertainment (60.5%) (fig. 3).
taxes healthcare tourism delivery media, entertainment transport finance, banks purchase of goods
women I men
10 20 30 40 50 60
Fig. 3. - Use of digital services, as a percentage
70
80
90
0
6 Russian regions plan to increase IT spending by a third. URL: https://www.cnews.ru/articles/2020-05-22_regiony_planirovali_uvelichit_itrashody (Accessed on March 28, 2021)
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According to the survey, residents of Belgorod see money savings in using digital services (73%), but they value convenience more (79%) and time savings (72%). 53% of respondents are ready to completely switch to digital services for solving everyday tasks. 7% of citizens already work or earn extra money using digital platforms, 52% are considering such an opportunity
Possibility of prompt feedback Multifunctionality
The ability to get a service / product without leaving your home Ability to compare and choose the best Save money Save time
Access at a convenient time from a convenient location
(fig. 4).
The disadvantages of digital platforms were most often identified by citizens as the lack of a guarantee of personal data security (58%), quality control of service provision (51%), instability of work (47%), as well as an inconvenient interface (40.5%). Paid delivery, lack of prompt feedback, and advertising are also negative (fig. 5).
women men
0 10 20 30 40 50 Fig. 4. - Advantages of digital services, in percent
60 70 80 90
There are no platforms for the services I need Small selection of service providers, products Awkward interface Unstable operation, technical failures No quality control of service delivery There is no guarantee of the security of personal data
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fig. 5. - Disadvantages of digital services, as a percentage
Readiness to use digital platforms 53% of residents of Belgorod are ready to completely switch to the use of digital platforms for solving everyday tasks, among them 32.5% already use or are going to use digital platforms for part-time work. 42% are not ready to completely switch to digital solutions of everyday tasks, 38% of residents of Belgorod consider the possibility of using digital platforms as a tool for the implementation of their professional activities.
Conclusion. The development of the digital environment is a time requirement and an
important indicator of urban comfort. In modern conditions, there is a gradual revision of approaches to the management of urban development, which is increasingly based on advanced technological solutions, digitalization and plat-formization. There is a need to move towards an integrated digital urban ecosystem that responds to emerging challenges, meets the needs of all stakeholders, and ensures more effective integration of individual elements of urban infrastructure.
In our opinion, the development of digital services is promoted by: the penetration of the
0
Internet and mobile technologies; digitalization; the convenience of the business model; the growth of private entrepreneurship, the interest of the authorities.
The key barriers to the development of digital services are: imperfect (unclear or absent) legislation; unwillingness of partners to adapt busi-
ness processes for successful integration with the platform; the need for large financial investments to create and maintain a successful digital platform.
To create information city services, it is necessary to use an integrated approach to the implementation of information technologies for city management.
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