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Образец ссылки на эту статью: Shvaiba D.N. Analysis of solving the problems of socio-economic security in the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus // Бизнес и дизайн ревю. 2018. № 3 (11). С. 4.
УДК 338.2(476)+316.42(476) Shvayba Dmitriy Nikolaevich
ANALYSIS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
The Minsk regional organization of the Belarusian trade Union of workers of chemical, mining and petroleum industries, Minsk, Belarus (220140, St. Ciurlionis 8-37), candidate of economic Sciences, member of the State expert Council of the State Committee for science and technologies of Republic of Belarus, doctoral student of Belarusian national technical University, ORCID: 0000-0001-6783-9765, [email protected], +375 29 652 06 03.
The reproducibility of the tasks of social and economic security of the industrial sector is justified by the abundance of phenomena and processes that accompany the establishment of the industrial sector. Their properties form the subject of the research task - to reveal precursors of the formation and expansion of the outline of social and economic security of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus. The solution of the problem is proposed to be implemented in the following way: first of all, note the similar difficulties in ensuring social and economic security in states that are comparable in terms of industrial development goals and methods of their implementation (common problems) and identify specific difficulties caused by internal country criteria. This will be required in order to qualify which of them exceed the scope of the protection system of the industrial sector of the country. In other words, joint difficulties are associated with processes that in different states contribute to the emergence of dangers of a similar nature. Secondly, to introduce the moments that lie on the basis of the choice of priority sectors of the economy for industrial development. The properties of their development create a contour of social and economic security of the industrial sector.
Key words: socio-economic security; the government; society; enterprise; employee; threat; security; interests; Economics, analysis, system.
Швайба Дмитрий Николаевич
АНАЛИЗ РЕШЕНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМ СОЦИАЛЬНО-
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ СЕКТОРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Минская областная организация Белорусского профсоюза работников химической, горной и нефтяной отраслей промышленности, Минск, Беларусь (220140, г. Минск, ул. Чюрлениса 8-37), кандидат экономических наук, член Государственного экспетного совета Государственного комитета по науке и технологиям Республики Беларусь, докторант Белорусского национального технического университета, ORCID: 0000-00016783-9765, [email protected], +375 29 652 06 03.
Воспроизводимость задач социально-экономической безопасности промышленного сектора обоснована обилием явлений и процессов, которые
сопутствуют становлению промышленного сектора. Их свойства формируют предмет исследовательской задачи - обнаружить предвестники формирования и расширения контура социально-экономической безопасности промышленного сектора Республики Беларусь. Разрешение задачи предлагается реализовать следующим образом: в первую очередь отметить похожие трудности обеспечения социально-экономической безопасности в государствах, сравнимых по целям промышленного становления и методикам их реализации (общие проблемы) и выявить своеобразные трудности, обусловленные внутренними страновыми критериями. Это потребуется для того, чтобы квалифицировать какие из них превосходят сферу действия системы защиты промышленного сектора страны. Иначе говоря, совместные трудности связаны с процессами, которые в различных государствах содействуют появлению опасностей схожей природы. Во-вторых, ввести моменты, лежащие на базе выбора приоритетных секторов экономики для промышленного становления. Свойства их развития создают очертание социально-экономической безопасности промышленного сектора.
Ключевые слова: социально-экономическая безопасность; государство; Беларусь; общество; предприятие; работник; угроза; защищенность; интересы; экономика; анализ; система.
The emergence of generalized tasks explained by scientists studying the process of economic and financial development and formation of human potential [9, p. 67; 10, p. 71; 2, p. 1136; 4, p. 991]. In many ways, these prerequisites are associated with the natural desire of developing countries to reduce the "gap" in GDP relative to developed countries, which is implemented in limiting domestic consumption, stimulating an increase in gross characteristics and investing in foreign investment, causing a large number of contradictions in the industry. Their decision, as a rule, exceed the ability of the system of protection of the industrial sector of the country and involves the intervention of a larger systems level. The presence of specific tasks is noticed by researchers who carry out scientific search for effective methods of formation and implementation of policy in the industry. In particular, it has not been established why the choice of priority financial and economic interests (as objects requiring priority protection) according to the logic coinciding with the election of sectoral priorities in the industrial sector, there are obstacles in achieving the established goals of the industrial sector of the country. As a result, within the framework of the established research task, it will be necessary to find out how the array of selected priority sectors of the economy, to which industrial policy is aimed, can increase the degree of socio-economic security of the industrial sector. In other words, we are talking about the abilities and limits of the expansion of the contours of its protection [13; 14].
To establish the generalized tasks of socio-economic security, the following methodological approach to the evaluation of the data of industrial growth of individual States is proposed:
- choose similar to the Republic of Belarus in socio-economic features of the country;
- compare GDP per capita with social well-being;
- the result of the comparison is interpreted on the condition that if the properties of the financial and economic recovery of the States classified as the 1st
level, do not meet the indicators of their social well-being and progress, it shows the presence of tasks in the sphere of state interests.
The study of the experience of small countries, demonstrating the dynamics of financial and economic recovery, was done on the basis of proposed methodological approach, demonstrates that the rise of quantitative macroeconomic characteristics not every time is the same progress in social development [1, p. 47]. The conclusion is formed on the results of the analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic characteristics of Thailand and Malaysia, which have similar socioeconomic indicators with the Republic of Belarus (status characteristics of a developing country; GDP per capita, resource potential, etc.). In these countries, during the 80-ies of XX century per capita consumption decreased from 34 to 7%. The generalized result of their industrial policy aimed at stimulating the operational development of the industrial sector of the country is expressed in the rise of macroeconomic characteristics. But the positive dynamics achieved only to some extent affected the characteristics of social well-being. This can be explained by the fact that the benefits received by society, as a result of the financial and economic recovery, are not fully directed to consumption and social formation at the same period (some of the benefits are preserved or invested in the future). In-1, there is a time gap between the receipt of benefits by society and their consumption for social formation. In-2, only the share of benefits is used for consumption, and the rest is invested or part of the benefits of the financial and economic recovery after receiving these benefits is preserved. In consequence of this progressive configuration values of the public good characteristics of the formation for a brief period of time in the best case do not change. This situation can be seen in detail by the level of the human development index, which in the analyzed countries for 2015 - 2017 literally has not changed (table 1.).
These tables show that in developing countries there is a discrepancy between the importance of social development and the pace of financial and economic recovery. This is the main contradiction that causes the same difficulties in ensuring social and economic security in different States. In particular, the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) change index in the States under analysis (Malaysia and Thailand) is considered to be large enough, and the index of social capacity-building remains unchanged.
The continuing "gap" in the size of the GDP of different countries puts forward delemu development of new methods of protection of competitive advantage in the industrial sector [3].
The results obtained make it possible to conclude that the monotony of the problems of socio-economic security of the industrial sector of developing States is as follows. The main mass of obvious dangers is caused by similar grounds: preservation of the inter-country "gap" in the results of financial and economic recovery, industrial policy aimed at limiting domestic consumption and intensive involvement of foreign investments for the purpose of modernization of the country's economy, the discrepancy of the standard of living of the population to the pace of financial and economic development. Apart from General economic tasks, the outline of social and economic security can limit difficulties, the solution
of which lies in the selection of priority sectors of the economy and financial and economic interests. This is the goal of almost all research [6; 7; 8; 12]. The fact is that the task of accelerated industrial growth is resolved by the method of assisting the development of priority sectors of the economy, which make it possible to apply the competitive advantages of the industrial sector of the country. The dynamics of the priority sectors of the economy is related to the level of competitiveness of their products: the greater the degree of competitiveness, the sooner industrial growth is achieved. The global (highest) level of competitiveness of products is determined by its ability to be sold in a large market. Based on this, the choice of an array of priority sectors of the economy is predetermined by 2 reasons: the competitiveness of products and the export potential of a particular sector. In accordance with this, the priority financial and economic interests formulated in the program documents on the socio-economic development of the state reflect the aspects that ensure the implementation of these points.
Table 1.
Dynamics of changes in the leading characteristics of the social welfare of
individual States for 2015-2017
State Index of change of GDP per capita, coefficient Change in the value of the human development index (HDI), coefficient
2016 to 2015 2017 to 2016 2017 to 2016 2016 to 2015 2017 to 2016 2017 to 2015
States with a high level of human development
USA 1,04 1,05 1,09 1,00 1,01 1,01
Japan 1,07 1,04 1,11 1,01 1,01 1,01
Denmark 1,07 1,02 1,09 1,00 1,01 1,01
Britain 1,08 1,04 1,12 1,01 1,00 1,01
France 1,12 1,03 1,15 1,01 1,01 1,01
Austria 1,09 1,03 1,13 1,01 1,00 1,01
Italy 1,07 1,03 1,10 1,00 1,02 1,02
Germany 1,07 1,02 1,09 1,00 1,01 1,01
Singapore 1,06 1,02 1,08 1,02 1,01 1,03
Republic of Korea 1,12 1,06 1,19 1,01 1,01 1,03
Argentina 0,96 1,11 1,07 1,00 1,01 1,02
Poland 1,12 1,08 1,20 1,01 1,01 1,02
States with an average level of human development
Malaysia 1,04 1,04 1,09 1,00 1,00 1,00
Russian Federation 1,16 1,12 1,30 1,02 1,00 1,02
Belarus 0,72 1,10 0,79 0,98 0,99 0,98
Thailand 1,10 1,08 1,19 1,00 1,00 1,00
China 1,14 1,09 1,24 1,03 1,01 1,05
India 0,94 1,08 1,02 1,01 1,01 1,02
Source: elaboration of the author according to [8]
However, the use of the above approach in industry causes contradictions that limit the effectiveness of the system of ensuring the socio-economic security of the industrial sector. The root cause is that a discrepancy between the goals of expanding the security circuit, which is guaranteed by the accelerated industrial recovery, and the degree of solution of the leading problems of socio-economic security, its limitations. The coincidence of the choice of priority sectors of the economy and the financial and economic interests of the industrial sector leads to the fact that the efficiency of the system of ensuring the socio-economic security of the industrial sector is evaluated on the condition that if the rates of formation of priority sectors of the economy achieved for a certain stage meet or exceed the planned, According to this logic, the key (global for the protection system) aspect is the level of implementation of the state socio-economic interests. In turn, it depends on the dynamics of the priority sectors of the economy. But this choice of aspect distorts the result, due to the fact that the performance evaluation of the analyzed system is not made dependent on the degree of solution of socioeconomic security problems. This is sufficiently disorienting to ensure the protection of the industrial sector in comparison with the socio-economic security objectives, which are actualized in the future, the size of which has the ability to have a significant negative impact on the performance of the industrial sector. The reproductive openness of the economy contributes to the rapid access to the sources of realization of the needs of the industrial sector of the country, which "smoothes" the internal difficulties of socio-economic security and worsens the situation. The same situation is observed in the Republic of Belarus. Its study demonstrated that in order for the system of ensuring the socio-economic security of the industrial sector to preserve a joint direction with industrial policy in achieving the goals of socio-economic development, it will be necessary to rationalize the composition of financial and economic interests determined on the basis of the prohibitions of priority sectors of the economy.
Based on the specificity of the sectoral structure of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus and the array of priority sectors of the economy, the design of financial and economic interests of the industrial sector generally has the ability to be represented by a ratio of 3 elements: real, creative and economic. Material and creative elements are formed by species division of the necessary production resources, and economic - is represented by the resulting indicators of the effectiveness of their application. In contrast to the sectoral structure, which is oriented by the volume of the industry in the industrial sector (in terms of output, the price of production assets and the number of employees), the design of financial and economic interests of the industrial sector reflects the measure of the unsatisfied needs of the sectors of the economy. For example, if the level of satisfaction of the material need is high, then the material element in the structure of financial and economic interest is given a significant role than for other
elements. In accordance with this, the vector of implementation of financial and economic interests is more directed towards the search for sources of satisfaction of human and financial resources. So, if the rationality of the financial and economic interest of the industrial sector is not provided in the justification of the choice of the array of industrial values, then assistance in their formation does not lead to the expansion of the socio-economic security circuit.
This conclusion proves the results of the study of individuals problems of socio-economic security of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus. They are as follows. Historically, the national industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus was formed under the influence of the planned placement of productive forces in the USSR of the mid-twentieth century. This fact contributed to the fact that today the industrial structure of the industrial sector of the Republic is dominated by mining, chemical and petrochemical industries, fuel and energy complex, engineering, light industry [11]. In addition, due to the historical background in the structure of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus, a significant position is occupied by large industrial facilities, for the resource assistance of the functioning of which the state's raw material base is not enough. This forms predposylki to dependence on raw materials from other countries. This precedent is confirmed by the preservation of a consistently significant segment in the structure of imports of fuel, energy and raw materials. According to the author's assessment, formed on the basis of the analysis of statistical data of the Republic of Belarus, in the structure of its imports of the period 2012-2017. they occupied: more than 45% - energy, more than 14% - base metals, within 5% - raw materials for light industry (mainly - leather and footwear sub-sector). A high degree of reproductive openness of the state economy, observed over the past 10 years, significantly contributed to the tightening of raw material dependence of individual sectors of the industrial economy.
A list of the main dangers to the leading sectors of the industrial sector, which have all the chances to maintain its relevance until 2020, is given in separate studies [5]. This confirms the need to revise the approach to the assessment of material and technical base in the fuel and energy segment and in the segment of engineering. In relation to the Republic of Belarus, the progressiveness of formation at the stage up to 2020 is formed by the financial and economic recovery of the priority sectors of the industrial economy, the bulk of which is concentrated in engineering. In accordance with the common methodological approach to the definition of priority sectors of the economy, these include segments with export potential. It is estimated in terms of the volume of goods in the sectors of the economy in the commodity structure of exports (table 2).
These tables make it possible to identify that the segments of the manufacturing industry - the chemical industry and mechanical engineering-occupy a predominant share in the commodity structure of exports to the CIS countries. Other countries have a high level of the extractive industry sector (58,9% in 2017) and the chemical sector of the economy (16,2% in 2017, respectively).
Table 2.
The dynamics of commodity structure of export of the Republic of Belarus
2010-2017, %
Industry sector Export product In the CIS countries, years Index change 2010 to 2017, cal. In other countries, years Index change 2010 to 2017, cal.
2010 2015 2017 2010 2015 2017
Extractive Mineral product 10,7 5,0 5,2 0,49 34,5 59,4 58,9 1,71
Processing Chemical industry products: polymeric materials, plastics, etc. 11,4 9,3 9,9 0,87 22,2 15,8 16,2 0,73
Extractive Wood and wood products 4,1 3,8 3,4 0,83 4,6 3,2 3 0,65
Processing Textiles and textile products 10,8 7,8 6,5 0,60 10,2 4,3 3,1 0,3
Processing Base metals and articles thereof 6,2 8,9 10,6 1, 71 8,8 6,4 7,8 0,89
Processing Machinery and equipment 15,5 17,9 18,8 1, 21 3,7 1,9 1,8 0,49
Processing Means of transport 18,8 19,0 21,5 1,14 4,5 3,6 3,6 3,16
Source: author's development according to [11, p. 24 m-241]
According to the acquired information about the ratio of exports of the Republic of Belarus among the CIS countries and other States, the observed excess in the direction of the CIS States. As a result, the priority sectors for the symptom of greater export potential usually include the engineering industry and chemical production. Without paying attention to the statistically recorded material and metal consumption, and in addition to import dependence on the raw material parameter of the machine building of the Republic, the explanation for this choice is its ability to produce a product with a high volume of added value and science intensity. This means that the priority financial and economic interests of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus are formed in relation to the manufacturing industry. The basis of their implementation is determined by the production potential of micro-level entities and the circumstances of foreign economic activity created at the macro level. At the same time, the introduction of
these potentials by business entities allows to realize financial and economic interests. This is tracked by the dynamics of production of the main types of products of the Republic of Belarus. According to statistical data, the change in the structure of production is accompanied by a change in the commodity structure of exports. In accordance with this, the priority of interests lies in the formation of advanced rates of growth of those sub-sectors of engineering, which have the potential to expand the production of similar products. This creates the necessary messages to maintain stability in the inter-level interaction of the structure-forming components of the industrial sector.
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Рецензенты:
Мальцева Е.С. - кандидат экономических наук, доцент, АНО ВО «Институт бизнеса и дизайна»
Проданова Н.А. - доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры финансового анализа и аудита ФГБОУ ВО «РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова»
Работа поступила в редакцию: 18.06.2018 г.
