CC BY
0Список литературы
1. Виноградова, А.В. Культивирование микроорганизмов / А.В. Виноградова, Г.А. Козлова. -Пермь: Изд-во Пермс. политех. у-та, 2012. - 97 с.
2. Кропотов, М.А. Общие принципы лечения больных первичным раком головы и шеи / М.А. Кропотов // Практическая онкология. - 2003. - №4(1). -С. 1-8.
3. Просеков, А.Ю. Проектирование L-фенил-аланин-аммиак-лиазы штамма-продуцента на основе клеток Escherichia Coli / А.Ю. Просеков, О.О. Бабич // Theoretical & Applied Science. - 2013. - № 6 (2). - С. 65-69.
4. Zendman, A.J. CTpll, a novel member of the family of human cancer/testis antigens / A.J. Zendman, I.M. Cornel issen, U.H. Weidle, D.J. Ridter, G.N. van Muijen // II Cancer Res. 1999. - Vol. 59. - P. 62236229.
ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF THE SUBMERGED GANODERMA SP. G06
MYCELIUM
Feklistova I.,
Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Biology faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus, candidate of biological science;
Maslak D.,
Head of the sector of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Biology faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
Sadovskaya L.,
Senior researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Biology faculty,
Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
Skakun T.,
Senior researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Biology faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
Le Huy Ham
Chairman of Science Council, Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Hanoi, Vietnam, Professor
Abstract
The chemical composition of the Ganoderma sp. G06 mycelium was studied. Methanol extracts of biologically active substances from mycelium were obtained. Secondary metabolites composition was revealed on Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph equipped with Agilent 5975B mass detector. Qualitative analysis was based on comparing the mass spectra of components with the corresponding data of NIST0.5a library. Sterols, fatty acids and their derivatives, alcohols and their derivatives were detected in the methanol extract of Ganoderma sp. G06.
Keywords: Ganoderma sp. G06, mycelium, deep cultivation, ergosterol, cardis.
To introduce one new active substance of a medicinal product into medical practice, it is necessary to investigate more than 5,000 potentially useful substances. It was found that the development of successful medicinal product is required on $ 802 million [1] and 10-15 years of hard work. Taking into account the very low success rates and the incredible costs of drugs development, it is important for each research center to supply the maximum possible number of expectant compounds for medicinal products.
An inexhaustible source of medicinal compounds (antitumoral and antimicrobial agents) are a lot of living organisms, including plants, bacteria, actinomy-cetes and fungi. Fungi of the genus Ganoderma are the producers of a whole complex of biologically active compounds used in pharmacology. In particular, the ethanolic extract of Ganoderma lucidum proved to be an effective hepatoprotector for treating mice with liver damaged by alcohol: the triterpenoids of these fungi suppressed lipid peroxidation, immune inflammation and suppressed apoptosis of liver cells [4]. In addition, Ganoderma lucidum metabolites have shown high efficiency in struggle with obesity [2].
The aim of this work is to study the chemical composition of the mycelium of Ganoderma sp. G06 fungi obtained by deep cultivation. The Ganoderma sp. G06 strain (country of origin - Thailand) was provided for study by the Agricultural Genetics Institute (Hanoi, Vietnam) and deposited under number G06 in the collection of microorganisms of the Biology Faculty of Belarusian State University.
Using Agilent 6850 gas chromatograph equipped with Agilent 5975B mass detector, analysis of chemical composition of the methanol extract from the dry mycelium of the deep culture of Ganoderma sp. G06 was carried out. To identify the components of the mixture, the mass spectra data obtained during the studies were compared with the information of the mass spectrometer library NIST0.5.0a. The percentage of the biologically active components of the mycelium of Ganoderma sp. G06, converted to methanol extract, was calculated by the area of the peaks. During this work 99.08 % of extract compounds were identified, the data obtained are presented in the table.
Table 1.
Secondary metabolites of mycelial fungus Ganoderma sp. G06, extracted with methanol
Compound name, CAS #
Structural formula
Relative content, %
Dihydroxyacetone 96-26-4
DHA, Glycerone
Glycerin
56-81-5
Glycerol
1,2,3-Butanetriol 4435-50-1 Methyl glycerin
(+)-Ethyl-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-.alpha.-D-erythrohex-2-eno-pyranoside 3323-72-6
1,3,5 -Triazine-2,4,6 -triamine
108-78-1
Melamine
2-Butanone, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-3393-64-4
(Hydroxymethyl)-2-butanone
(S)-5-Hydroxymethyl-2 [5H] -furanone 78508-96-0
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3 -dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-
methyl
148843-51-0
4H-Pyran-4-one, 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl
1073-96-7
Hydroxymaltol
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural 67-47-0
hydroxymethylfurfural
1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate 106-61-6
Glycerin 1-acetate
2,38
1,81
0,29
1,68
0,66
0,27
2,74
0,36
3,58
2,18
0
Heptanoic acid, 6-oxo 3128-07-2 6-oxoheptanoic acid
1 -Carbmethoxy-3,3 -dimethyldiaziridine
Isosorbide Dinitrate
87-33-2
cardis
1,3-Propanediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro 126-11-4
Tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane
DL-Arabinitol 6018-27-5
beta.-D-Glucopyranoside, methyl 709-50-2
Ethyl .alpha.-d-glucopyranoside 19467-01-7
Ethyl alpha-D-glucoside
Sorbitol 608-66-2
Pentadecanoic acid 1002-84-2
Pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
41114-00-5
Ethyl Pentadecanoate
Heptadecanal 629-90-3
1,78
0,33
1,76
1,33
1,17
1,54
0,42
0,77
0,49
0,44
0,61
n-Hexadecanoic acid
57-10-3
Palmitic acid
Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate 56219-10-4
Palmitoleic acid ethyl ester
Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 628-97-7
Palmitic acid ethyl ester
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-
60-33-3
Linoleic Acid
cis-9-Hexadecenal
56219-04-6
9-hexadecenal
Linoleic acid ethyl ester
544-35-4
Ethyl linoleate
Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
111-61-5
Ethyl stearate
Cyclohexanemethanol, 4-ethenyl-
.alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-3 -(1 -methylethenyl)-, [1R-( 1. alpha.,3. alpha. ,4 .beta. )] 639-99-6
9-Octadecenamide, (Z)
301-02-0
Oleamide
Octadecanamide
124-26-5
Stearamide
Ethyl stearate, 9,12-diepoxy
2,59
1,12
4,26
1,5
0,49
33,34
0,61
0,27
11,36
2,84
0,84
Docosanal
57402-36-5
Behenoyl
8-Hexadecenal, 14-methyl-, (Z)
60609-53-2
Trogodermal
Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-
(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester
23470-00-0
2-Palmitoylglycerol, 2-monopalmitin
cis-9,10-Epoxyoctadecanamide 172995-07-2
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2,3-dihydrox-
ypropyl ester
26545-74-4
1-monolinolein
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester 123-94-4
Glycerin Monostearate, Monostearin
Ergosta-5,8,22-trien-3-ol, (3.beta.,22E)
50657-31-3
Lichesterol
5,6-Dihydroergosterol
516-85-8
DHE
y -Ergostenol 516-78-9
0,27
0,33
0,6
1,15
1,04
0,3
7,25
0,4
0,34
Totally it were identified 98.37% of the compounds of the Ganoderma sp. G06 mycelium. Among them: alcohols and their derivatives (glycerol, sorbitol, glycerin 1-acetate, methyl glycerol, DL-arabitol) -7.77%, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (linolenic acid, linolenic acid ethyl ester, stearamide, ethylstea-rate, oleamide, 2-monopalmitin, heptadecanoic acid ethyl ester) - 64.56%, ergosterol and it's derivatives (y-ergosterol, 5,6-dihydroergosterol, lichesterol) - 7.99%.
It is interesting to note the presence of the isosorbide dinitrate - Cardis compound in mycelium of Ganoderma sp. G06 (1,76%). Cardis has a vasodilating
and antianginal action (used to stop and prevent attacks of cardiac angina and treat other manifestations of coronary insufficiency of ischemic heart disease, including painless form.) There is a known way to obtain Cardis by a chemical method from sorbitol [3], nowadays there is no information about isosorbin dinitrate presence in mycelium or fruiting bodies of fungi.
The strain of fungi Ganoderma sp. G06 can be used as a source of pharmacological substances with subsequent introduction into pharmacological practice.
References
1 https ://www. naefron-tiers.org/File.aspx?id=21975
2 Liang Z., Yuan Z., Li G., Fu F., Shan Y. Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Effects of Polysaccharides Extracted from Reishi Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Leysser: Fr) Karst, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet // J Med Food-2018 (in press).
3 O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13 th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001.-p. 935.
4 Zhao C, Fan J., Liu Y, Guo W., Cao H., Xiao J., Wang Y., Liu B. Hepatoprotective activity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice, an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis // Food Chem.-2019.-217-P.148-156.
