CC BY
0
DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10432701
Latipov N.F. PhD student
National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC HEALTH AS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR AFFECTING URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. (IN THE CASE OF THE NAVOI REGION)
Abstract. This article discusses the importance of the public health factor in assessing the environmental condition of cities. In particular, the population living in the industrialized Navoi region of our republic and its cities, as well as indicators related to health indicators, were studied. Proposals and recommendations for strengthening public health in the future are given.
Keywords. Human healt, industrial cities, mortality rate, chemical substances, death rate, hospitality.
The birth rate, death rate, and morbidity of the population depend on many different reasons, first of all, the age structure, the direct effect of chemical substances on the body, biological, radiation and other factors, as well as the influence of social and psychological conditions in a broad sense.
During the last 10 years, the Navoi region has been distinguished by its average total death rate (average 4.56%) and birth rate (average 22.7%). The following demographic indicators also prove that the region differs from other regions of our republic due to its poor ecological condition.
Total 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Birth 18 067 19 300 20 116 20 259 20 837 20 563 21 595 22 770 23 888 26 576 26 274
Infant mortality under 1 138 141 184 199 185 198 149 167 175 186 126
year
Total death 4153 4103 4188 4110 4401 4472 4161 4378 5038 4848 4156
Natural growth 13,9 15,1 15,9 16,1 16,4 16 17,4 18,3 18,8 21,7 22,1
Table 1. The main demographic indicators of the region in the last 10 years
For the purpose and results of the conducted research, it is important to analyze the health indicators of the population living in regional cities. The available statistical data on the region and its cities for the last five years show that the general morbidity trend in the region is increasing, and we can witness an increase in the overall morbidity index in the cities as well. For example, in 2018,
the total morbidity rate in the region was 508,827, and in 2022, it increased to 519,762 (see Table 2).
2022
2021
2020
V) 3-
n >
2019
2018
2017
2016
■ Navoi city ■ Zarafshan city ■ Kyziltepa city ■ Nurotacity ■ Uchkuduk city ■ Yangirabot city ■ Gazgan city
Table 2. Total disease rate in regional cities (over the years)
Many socio-economic and ecological factors also influence this. In 2022, the incidence rates of the population in cities are as follows:
The cities of Navoi, Zarafshan, Kyziltepa, Nurota, and Yangirabot stand out in terms of general morbidity.
Diseases of respiratory organs - Navoi, Zarafshan, Kyziltepa, Yangirabot
cities.
Diseases of the digestive organs - cities of Navoi, Zarafshan, Kyziltepa, Yangirabot.
Eye and eye-related diseases - cities of Yangirabot, Qiziltepa, Navoi. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and diseases affecting the immune mechanism - cities of Yangirabot, Kyziltepa, Navoi.
Diseases of the circulatory system-Navoi, Kyziltepa, Yangirabot, and Uchkuduq cities.
Diseases of the nervous system - the cities of Navoi, Zarafshan, Kyziltepa.
121,689
61,777
70,245 34,16(21,171 72,379
66927
54482
42564 2936824428 42266
4226
76659 43734 45955 3750523628 46933
90061
43850
101547
58208 41383 206
61091
I
5,002
46403 67736 35846 35571 78150
102684
46807
105791
43605
82873 3783923251
80634
81371 40976
26346 26346
83588
3.5
■ Diseases of the circulatory system
■ Diseases of blood and blood-forming organs and diseases affecting the immune mechanism
■ Diseases of the nervous system
■ Eye and eye diseases
■ Diseases of respiratory organs
■ Diseases of digestive organs
Many researchers believe that there is a high correlation between the quality of the environment and the morbidity of children because children's bodies are more susceptible to external influences than other age groups.
The highest indicators of the general morbidity of children were recorded in the cities of Navoi, Nurota, and Kyziltepa.
The incidence rate of children under 1 year is divided into a separate group. According to these indicators, the cities of Navoi, Nurota, and Kyziltepa are "leading".
The cities of Navoi (50), Nurota (17), and Kyziltepa (13) differ from other regions in terms of infant mortality.
As for the causes of death among adults, diseases of the respiratory organs (more than 23.8% of all deaths) are in the 1st place, diseases of the circulatory system are in the 2nd place, and diseases of the digestive organs are in the 3rd place. In teenagers, 1- Respiratory diseases (48.6%), 2- Eye diseases, 3- Injury and poisoning. Among children — 1st place — Diseases of the respiratory system, 2 — Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs, 3- Infectious diseases.
In 2022, the situation in the structure of morbidity is as follows:
Table 3. Percentage of major diseases in regional cities.
Elderly population 1. Respiratory diseases 25.9% 2. Circulatory system diseases 13.3% 3. Diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs -11.1%.
Teens 1. Respiratory diseases 48.6% 2. Eye diseases - 10.72% 3. Injury and poisoning - 8.21%
Children 1. Respiratory system diseases 60.4% 2. Diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs 8.7% 3. Infectious diseases - 8%.
Table 4. Incidence structure in 2022 in the cities of Navoi region in 2022..
Compared to previous years, respiratory tract diseases have increased in morbidity in all three age groups. In the cities of the region, where the industrial enterprises are concentrated the most, the percentage of ecologically hazardous productions is high, and the population's morbidity rate is high.
Today, there are 40 hospitals in the region, which is a little less than in previous years (Table 5).
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
10 15 20 25 30
■ Hospitals
35
40
45
50
0
5
Table 5. Total number of hospitals in Navoi region (between 2010 and 2022)
The life expectancy indicator in the region is also unique. In 2022, the average life expectancy in the region was 76.5 years (Table 6). We can see that this indicator has increased compared to previous years, but as a result of the general management of these statistics at the regional level in our republic, maintaining this indicator in cities should be an important factor.
69.0 68.0
> Republic of Uzbekistan > Navoi region
Table 6. Average life expectancy in Navoi region.
The future of public health depends on developing a holistic approach that addresses many aspects of urban life. For its successful implementation, it requires cooperation between government, urban planners, medical professionals, public organizations and residents. Here are some suggestions and recommendations for developing such an approach:
1. Promote walking, bicycling, and public transportation by improving transportation infrastructure, creating pedestrian-friendly sidewalks, and providing bicycle lanes. This increases physical activity and reduces pollution.
2.Improving educational opportunities, reducing poverty, and providing affordable housing are important factors that affect health outcomes.
3. Providing adequate health facilities and resources to meet the needs of the population, including primary care providers, specialists, hospitals and polyclinics.
4. Improved nutrition during pregnancy, antenatal education, and healthy behaviour during pregnancy are all examples of maternal health promotion. Addressing maternal health problems can significantly lower infant mortality rates.
5. Immunization Programs: Strengthen immunization programs to protect infants from vaccine-preventable diseases. Making sure vaccines are available for all children.
6. Combating Malnutrition: Addressing malnutrition by promoting good nutrition for infants and young children, educating parents on healthy eating habits, encouraging the consumption of nutrient-dense foods, and providing nutritional support to vulnerable populations.
7. Investing in research and innovation: supporting research to develop new technologies that can prevent maternal and child deaths, encouraging health
innovations such as telemedicine and mobile health solutions to reach remote communities.
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