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Dusimbetov Bakhodir Olimbaevich, Karakalpak branch of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences.
Deputy of the Institute of natural sciences E-mail: svetmamb@mail.ru
ANALYSIS OF INTRASPECIFIC STRUCTURE OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SHALLOW MAMMALS OF SOUTHERN ARAL SEA AREA
Abstract: The analysis of intraspecific structure of associations of shallow mammals of Priaralie is conducted in the article. Set, that span-new ecological terms to that plastic kinds can adapt ecologically are created in anthropogenic landscapes. For most types of rodents in anthropogenic landscapes forage terms of biotopes of limitation.
Keywords: Priaralie, ecosystem transformations, intraspecific structure, adapt ecologically, rodents.
Cooperation and comparative analysis of animal jungles, sharply territory of distribution and quantity of
population of different natural zones in ecological and evolutional aspects is one of interesting open questions of modern ecology. At the study of populations surface vertebral, shallow mammals are one their the most often used objects in ecological researches [1, 3]. Shallow mammals, due to a high quantity, specific variety and ecological changeability, show clear reactions on natural and anthropogenic changes, therefore fully reasonably to use them for determination and estimation of changes aleak in natural associations in natural way [2]. The exposure of specific composition and quantity of mammals in different biotopes allows to get to know basic conformities to law of forming of local biotas and unseal their mechanisms of functioning. 13 types of rodents are registered in lower reaches of Amudarya.
A Mus musculus (13.6%), Nesokia indica (23.2%), Al-lactaga elater (14.5%), Meriones tamariscinus (15.3%), is especially numerous. 17 kinds are marked in the gipse-ous desert, from them Allactaulus acontion (15.5%) is numerous, Allactaga elater (13.5%), Citellus fulvus (9.2%), Rhombomys opimus and Meriones erythrourus (19.5%).
Other kinds register oneself extremely irregularly, in single copies, and can be attributed to the categories rare and casual. There is prevailing of Citellus fulvus (74.6%) and Rhombomys opimus (20.5%). The "Regional effect" due to penetration of foreign kinds in lower reaches of Amudarya river is expressed extraordinarily poorly, therefore associations of rodents of the remote and close areas located to anthropogenic territories steppe and deserted arrays are not had reliable distinctions [7, 8, 9]. Because of growth of desertization, degradation of tugai and reed
mezophilus kinds grow short intensification of land-tenure and other negative factors. The xserophilus types of rodents of substantial influence of anthropogenic press do not test, vice versa, growth of aridization and desertization, forming of the sandy-salt-marsh desert on the drying day of sea, result in expansion of territory of their distribution and growth of quantity [5]. 18 types of rodents are registered in deserted biocenos, including: basic base-line kinds Rhombomys opimus (18.5%) and Meriones meridianus (9.8%), Spermophilopsis leptodactylus (20.2%) and ncaMMO^AbHbie kinds, such as jerboas (45.8%).
Tugai biogeocenosis under influence of general process of transformation of landscape suffered huge succession alterations. Intensive transformation of ecosystems ofAral sea area, under act of the anthropogenic pressing, mastering of tugay under irrigable agriculture assisted reduction and break of natural natural habitat of all rodents of tugai complex [6, 7, 8]. For examined period of time in the associations of tugai ecosystems on a background cyclic vibrations there were the clearly expressed trends of increase of total abundance of rodents (picture).
In a greater degree it is characteristic for tugai ecosystems and related to character of dynamics ofbase-line kinds. On the whole the height of quantity of rodents well comports with general motion of dynamics of average annual temperature and clean products in all ecosystems of South Southern Aral sea area.
As a result of mastering and irrigation of tugai, deserted and semideserted ecosystems of Southern AralSea area, a quantity and harmfulness of most types of rodents are taken to the minimum. In the last the meaningful changes
ANALYSIS OF INTRASPECIFIC STRUCTURE OF ASSOCIATIONS OF SHALLOW MAMMALS OF SOUTHERN ARAL SEA AREA
ofstructure happened 10-15, variety and abundance ofas-sociations of shallow mammals in the different ecosystems
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of Southern Aral sea area, that resulted in the increase of zonal contrast of population of shallow mammals.
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Picture. A dynamics of total quantity of associations of shallow mammals is in tugai ecosystems (R2 - is a size of authenticity of approximation)
Substantial structural changes were suffered by the populations of Spermophilopsis leptodactylus and Ello-bius talpinus. Being the strictly specialized kinds, they were not able to adapt oneself to landscape of anthropogenic origin, and their natural populations, from narrowing of area of characteristic biotopes to low-limit, appeared on verge of disappearance [4, 9]. The natural habitats Allactaga elater and Meriones meridianus in a spatial relation are divided into the separately isolated micropopulation.
In an agricultural landscape these kinds now and then form local settlements in intrazonal biotopes alternating with the deserted arrays. The base-line types of the unmastered deserts are Meriones tamariscinus and Meriones erythrourus. These kinds form certain closeness on the peripheral areas of agricultural landscape due to the mosaics of biotopes.
Association of rodents of irrigable zone genetically heterogeneous and counts a few kinds: Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Meriones erythrourus and Meriones tamariscinus. Depending on the reaction of separate types of rodents on an anthropogenic press and adaptations to the agricultural landscape they can be divided into two groups. To the first group the immigrants of tugai-streamside complex behave: Mus musculus, Nesokia
indica. These kinds, forming a steady and numerous enough population in an irrigable zone, found adequate with primary cenosis ecological terms depending on influence of climatic terms. In the second group the kinds-immigrants of the deserted complex are included: Meriones erythrourus and Meriones tamariscinus. They do not call deep into agricultural landscape and found more or less favourable terms in his peripheral spaces, capacity of their populations in an agricultural landscape insignificant.
From the elements of anthropogenic landscape an open drainways has the most essential ecological value for rodents. These building are the basic biotopes of residence and reservation 5 types of rodents: Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Ondatra zibethica. Embankments and dikes of collectors, having loose soil, are the preferred places of burrows Nesokia indica. Inhabited the landscape of deserted-flat zone is presented by settlements and stock-raising complexes that is occupied by 2 types of rodents: Mus musculus, Nesokia indica.
The different types of rodents have a different degree of attachment to the anthropogenic complexes [1, 3, 9]. Depending on the reaction of kinds on anthropogenic transformation of landscape, three ecological groups are clearly distinguished: kinds with a positive
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reaction (Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Ondatra zibet-hica); kinds with an indifferent reaction (Rhombomys opimus, Meriones erythrourus and Meriones tamarisci-nus); kinds with a negative reaction (Citellus fulvus and Spermophilopsis leptodactylus, Meriones meridianus). It is necessary to mark that a the same ki nd in different landscape-geographical districts shows an ambiguous reaction to the anthropogenic complexes.
Thus, span-new ecological terms to that plastic kinds can adapt ecologically are created in anthropogenic landscapes. Transformation of landscape has direct and indirect influence on a fauna and population of rodents, creating the optimal terms of existence for one kinds and, vice versa, unfavorable for other. For swingeing majority of types of rodents in anthropogenic landscapes forage terms of biotopes of limitation.
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