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Rakhmonov Ikromdzon Usmonovich, doctor, of philosophy PhD., in technical sciences, associate professor, of the Department of Electric Supply of the Energy Faculty of the Tashkent State Technical University (Uzbekistan) E-mail: ilider1987@yandex.ru Niyozov Numon Nizomiddinovich, assistant of the Department of Electric Supply of the Energy Faculty of the Tashkent State Technical University (Uzbekistan)
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS OF ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION
Abstract: In the article the analysis of existing methods of rationing ofpower consumption is given as an example of the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy. Based on the analysis of existing methods, shortcomings and main tasks are identified to improve these methods.
Keywords: specific consumption, power consumption, unit production, technological and production factors.
All electricity consumption by the enterprise, both main and auxiliary technological processes, as well as auxiliary production needs, including production of cold, compressed air, lighting, water supply, heating, ventilation and losses in intra-plant networks is subject to normalization.
Under the normalization of electricity consumption the establishment of a plan for the consumption of electricity for the production of a unit of production, the processing of raw materials or the amount of work to be performed is understood.
The value of electricity consumption per unit of production is called the specific consumption of electricity.
In this case, the planned flow rate is called the rate of specific consumption (or simply the specific rate), and the actual consumption of electricity per unit of output by the unit consumption.
The specific consumption rate is understood not as an arbitrarily accepted amount of consumption, but objectively necessary consumption of electric energy for the production of a unit of output or volume ofwork under given production conditions, conditioned by the organization and technology of the production process; technical level of applied technological and power equipment; technical condition and mode of operation of production equipment.
The norm of the specific consumption of electricity is established on the basis of technical and economic calculation and is the maximum permissible amount of electricity consumption for the production of a unit of production (or volume of work) of a specified quality.
A progressive method for estimating the specific energy consumption makes it possible to use the appropriate norms of unit costs for forecasting energy consumption and
determining the energy load in planning and design. At the same time, the specific energy consumption by production processes in shops and enterprises is an important technical and economic indicator of the energy economy of industrial enterprises [1].
However, presently, the calculation and analysis of specific electricity consumption at the iron and steel industry does not yet meet modern requirements, in view of the fact that the energy intensity of the assortment of manufactured products and raw materials coming at different stages of the technological process, the change in the quantitative ratio of the nomenclature of the enterprise's products, features of the aggregates of this industry. At present, the number of finished products produced is 70 titles and more. Moreover, the same type of finished products is produced according to different technological schemes with unequal specific electricity consumption, depending on the composition of technological units and the quality of the processed raw materials [2].
The system of rationing electricity consumption is a factor determining the policy and efficiency of energy saving. A review of existing systems for the normalization of electricity consumption according to the works of foreign scientists, is currently underway in metallurgical production [3].
Usually in the practice of production specific standards of energy resources (fuel, heat and electricity) are developed for each type of raw materials of the final product. The importance of the norms in question is that they allow you to determine the degree of energy consumption per unit of production at a particular time interval. There are more than a hundred in metallurgy existing for a separate technological process. These types of norms are determined for energy-intensive production by using one of these methods.
Section 10. Technical sciences
When using the experimental method of rationing to determine the value of the specific consumption of electricity per unit of output, measurements of electricity costs for each production process required by the regulations are necessary. It should be noted that in determining this value, considerable labor input is required, since more instruments are used. The application of this method in industrial enterprises will be extremely time-consuming, since they are characterized by a large amount of electrical equipment [4].
According to the calculation and analytical method, the determination of the value of the norms for the specific consumption of electricity per unit of output is made by calculation on the basis of the passport data of the electrical equipment used. The calculation takes into account the workload, operating modes and other individual factors affecting SEC. The presence of a multitude of energy components makes this method of element-wise calculation extremely laborious.
The calculation and statistical method of normalizing the specific consumption of electricity is based on the processing of statistical data on the absolute and specific consumption of electricity for the period under consideration and when determining the norms, all influencing factors are taken into account for the amount of specific electricity consumption. Indicators of norms are carried out on the basis of data of devices of the account of consumption of the electric power on resultant values of let out production.
To develop scientifically based forecasts of the norms for the consumption of electrical energy, it is necessary to carry out [5]:
- complex technological and energy research;
- Deep analysis of electrical balances;
- critical use of reporting and statistical materials using mathematical and statistical methods.
The absence of methods for the electric power assessment of the influence of technological factors on electric loads and electric power consumption does not allow to effectively take into account unforeseen and planned deviations from technological conditions, include in reserves of energy savings and a forecast estimate of the direction of improvement of production processes [6].
Analysis of electrical loads and power consumption of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy points to the need to identify the influence of technological factors of power consumption on its individual parameters. This will increase the reliability of analysis and calculation of power consumption of individual production units and the entire industry [7].
In work [8] methods of operative planning and management of large-capacity electric steel-smelting furnaces of metallurgical manufactures are considered. In the work when assessing the determination of the error in calculating the norms
for the consumption of electrical energy, existing methods are used that do not take into account the statistical dependence of the specific consumption of electricity on the output of the final product.
In work [9], the issues of normalizing the consumption of electric energy at the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy are considered. The analysis of the above works shows that the authors considered factors influencing the value of specific energy consumption, such as: productivity, installed capacity. Accounting for the limitation of the number of influencing factors leads to a significant discrepancy between the calculated and actual results.
The review and investigation of existing, promising methods of rationing energy resources at enterprises is carried out in [10]. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods of rationing are shown. As a result, it can be concluded that the features of known and applied methods require their improvement.
In work [11], a method of energy consumption rationing for ferrous metallurgy enterprises, in particular rolling production, was proposed. The technique makes it possible to determine the value of norms using the energy characteristics of the dependence of energy consumption on the volumes of products produced, as well as the specific consumption formed by the mathematical processing of the actual indicators of specific energy consumption. But the method does not ensure the construction of energy characteristics taking into account the classification of statistical data on the range of rolling products.
Significant studies have been conducted by scientists A. Ya. Dzevensky and F. A. Khoshimov. The authors in their writings investigated the modes of consumption of industrial enterprises of heavy and light industries. The process of power consumption at these enterprises is considered for studies as a random process at different time levels (hourly, shift, monthly, annual). To analyze the influence of factors on electricity consumption, it was proposed to use multidimensional analysis methods, pattern recognition theory methods in calculating power consumption parameters, which, under conditions of weak informativeness of factors determining power consumption mode, most fully use statistical information to obtain mathematical models that accurately describe the real power consumption process. In these studies, a methodology has been developed and an analysis has been conducted to assess the states and to simulate statically inhomogeneous modes of electrical loads of electrical receivers of enterprises; energy consumption studies were performed and the energy characteristics of the main power consumers were established; recommendations were developed for improving the methods for determining the design loads of electrical receivers with
statically inhomogeneous electrical modes, for estimating en- determine promising levels of electrical consumption, under
ergy consumption, for synthesizing mathematical models to conditions of uncertainty and incompleteness of information.
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