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ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ECONOMIC SCIENCE
Original article UDC 338.24
doi: 10.18522/2687-0770-2022-4-91-97
ANALYSIS OF COUPLING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN E-COMMERCE AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA
Zhang Chong
Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-6065-2786
Abstract. The study uses the entropy method and coupling coordination model to analyze the relationship between e-commerce level and regional economic development. Based on this, the real data on the E-commerce level and regional economic development in China in 2016-2020 are used for empirical analysis. The results show that the comprehensive development index of China's e-commerce and regional economic system is increasing year by year. They have demonstrated a very high coupling degree, and the coupling coordination degree is increasing year by year. At present, two analyzed indicators have entered the primary coupling coordinated stage, and will soon step into the moderate coupling coordinated stage. Therefore, developing e-commerce is of great significance to promoting regional economic development in China.
Keywords: e-commerce level, regional economic development, entropy method, coupling coordination model, sustainable development
For citation: Zhang Chong. Analysis of Coupling Relationship between E-Commerce and Regional Economic Development of China. Bulletin of Higher Educational Institutions. North Caucasus Region. Social Science. 2022;(4):91-97. (In Russ.).
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY4.0).
Научная статья
АНАЛИЗ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ МЕЖДУ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ КОММЕРЦИЕЙ И РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ КИТАЯ
Чжан Чун
Южный федеральный университет, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия, [email protected], ORCID: 0000-0002-6065-2786
Аннотация. В исследовании используется энтропийный метод и модель координации сопряжения для анализа взаимосвязи между уровнем электронной коммерции и региональным экономическим развитием. Исходя из этого, для эмпирического анализа использованы данные об уровне электронной коммерции и региональном экономическом развитии Китая в 2016-2020 гг. Результаты показывают, что комплексный индекс развития электронной коммерции и региональной экономической системы Китая из года в год увеличивается. Данные показатели демонстрируют очень высокую степень связи, при этом степень координации связи увеличивается с каждым годом. В настоящее время оба анализируемых показателя вступили в стадию координации первичной связи и вскоре перейдут в стадию координации умеренной связи. Следовательно, развитие электронной коммерции имеет большое значение для содействия региональному экономическому развитию Китая.
Ключевые слова: уровень электронной коммерции, региональное экономическое развитие, энтропийный метод, координационная модель сопряжения, устойчивое развитие
© Zhang Chong, 2022
Для цитирования: Zhang Chong. Analysis of Coupling Relationship between E-Commerce and Regional Economic Development of China // Известия вузов. Северо-Кавказский регион. Общественные науки. 2022.№ 4. С. 91-97.
Статья опубликована на условиях лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0).
Introduction
At present, China's e-commerce industry develops strongly and has become one of the most dynamic industries. The status of e-commerce industry is constantly improving, making more and more contributions to regional economic growth and social development. At the same time, the rapid development of regional economy also gives strong support to the further promotion of e-commerce.
Given the driving role of e-commerce in regional economic development, the academic circle has conducted a lot of valuable exploration on the mechanism between the two. Brookes and Wahhaj (2001) studied the macroeconomic impact of B2B e-commerce on The United States, Japan, The UK and France [1].
Through an empirical analysis of economic and trade data of Multilateral OECD countries, Jaehwa (2012) believed that e-commerce provided strong support for the growth of international trade [2].
Rana and Davoud (2016) believe that e-commerce has a direct impact on residents' consumption and small and medium-sized enterprises, thus indirectly promoting regional economic development [3].
Shen, Zhang and Wang (2018) taking Anhui Province of China as an example, analyze the effect of e-commerce on national economic growth [4].
Zhang and Hao (2016) used cluster analysis and variance analysis to find that e-commerce level is the main factor that causes regional differences in e-commerce development [5].
The researches above provide practical guidance for e-commerce and economic development, but there is no systematic study on the mutual relationship and influence mechanism between e-commerce and regional economic development. Therefore, based on the existing research, this paper introduces the system coupling theory, and calculates the coupling and coordination degree between them by coupling coordination model. Based on this, the coupling relationship between e-commerce level and regional economic development in China is analyzed with panel data from 2016 to 2020, in order to provide theoretical reference for China to explore how e-commerce drives economic development.
Research methods and process
Research methods
System coupling theory is a research method to analyze the interrelation between multiple systems, and this paper uses it to analyze the internal relationship between e-commerce and regional economic development. Coupling degree model analyzes the degree of mutual influence between e-commerce development level and regional economic development, and coupling coordination degree model analyzes the degree of coordinated development between the two. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between them, the evaluation index system is constructed. Then the entropy method is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation index, and the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of ecommerce and regional economy are calculated according to the coupling model.
Construction of index system
Indicators must be consistent, objective, accessible and systematic [6]. As for the measurement indicators of e-commerce level, the author referred to the indicator system of authoritative scholars Tang (2015) [7]. As for the measurement indicators of regional economic development, the author selected GDP, per capita GDP, and total value of tertiary industry. Accordingly, a rating index system of coupling relationship between e-commerce level and regional economic development is established, as shown in Table 1.
Process of data processing
The first step is to put the original data in the matrix formof X= (Xij) mn, i=1,2,3... n; j=1,2,3... m, M - refers to the evaluation object, n - refers to the evaluation index, and Xij in the matrix represents the observed value under the jth index of the ith evaluation object.
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Table 1 / Таблица 1
Index system of coupling relationship between e-commerce level and regional economic development / Индексная система взаимосвязи между уровнем электронной коммерции и региональным экономическим развитием
Target
Level indicators
The secondary indicators
Coupling coordination of E-commerce level and regional economic
Regional economic development U1
E-commerce level U2
X11 Regional GDP
X12 Per capita GDP
X13 Total value of tertiary industry
X21 Number of Internet users
X22 Mobile phone ownership
X23 Computer ownership
X24 Number of Network domain names
X25 Number of sites
X26 Delivery volume
X27 Income of delivery
X28 Employment scale of e-commerce
X29 E-commerce transaction volume
X210 Online retail transaction volume
(1)
Evaluation indexes with different properties are standardized according to the following two calculation formulas.
Yii = —Xl} minXl}— Positive efficacy index
maxXij-minXij
Yii = maxXl} Xl}— Negative efficacy indicators
maxXij-minXij
Xij is the original value of the indicator, and Yij is the standardized value of the indicator. The second step is to calculate the proportion of the measurement index.
(2)
The third step is to calculate the information entropy of the measurement index.
ej = ~JT=1Hij* InHij (3)
The fourth step is to calculate the difference coefficient of the measurement index.
Ki=1-ey (4)
The fifth step is to calculate the weight of the measurement index.
W = (5)
v Y?Ki (5)
The sixth step, use linear weighted method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of ecommerce level and regional economy.
Ui = Yi=1 Yi * Wi, Uj = JJj=1 Yj * Wj (6)
Building the coupling coordination model.
According to the coupling model in physics, the author constructs the coupling model of "e-commerce level + regional economic development".
_ I U1*U2 _ 2^U1*U2 ,
= = U1 + U2
In the formula, C £ [0, 1] . It represents the coupling degree between e-commerce level and regional economic development. The higher the C value is, the higher the coupling degree is. Coupled coordination model:
D = (8)
T=a*U1+P*U2 (9)
D is coupling coordination degree. It represents the degree of harmony and consistency of subsystems of the measured system, reflecting the trend of the system from disorder to order. The evaluation criteria are as shown in Table 2.
There is the comprehensive evaluation index of e-commerce level and regional economic development. a and P are undetermined coefficients. In this article, the system of e-commerce is considered to be equally important as the regional economic system. Therefore, both a and P are assigned a value of 0,5.
Table 2 / Таблица 2
Evaluation criteria for coupling coordination model / Критерии оценки модели
координации связи
Value range of D Degree of coupling coordination
0,0<D<0,2 Extreme imbalance
0,2<D<0,4 Moderate imbalance
0,4<D<0,6 Primary coupling coordination
0,6<D<0,8 Moderate coupling coordination
0,8<D<1,0 Good coupling coordination
Research results
This article uses entropy weight method and coupling coordination model to analyze the coupling coordination of e-commerce and regional economic system in China from 2016 to 2020. The data are from The National Bureau of Statistics [8] and the China Internet Network Information Center [9]. Accordingly, the measurement index data of e-commerce level and regional economic development are established, and the normalized data by entropy weight method are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 / Таблица 3
Standardized measurement index data of e-commerce level and regional economic development of China / Данные стандартизированного индекса измерения уровня электронной коммерции и регионального экономического развития Китая
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Regional economic system X11 X12 X13 0,0001 0,0001 0,0001 0,2820 0,2898 0,2457 0,5746 0,5919 0,5029 0,8917 0,8934 0,8905 1,0001 1,0001 1,0001
X21 0,0001 0,1581 0,3775 0,6688 1,0001
X22 0,0001 0,3463 0,8792 1,0001 0,9726
X23 0,8589 1,0001 0,3766 0,2707 0,0001
X24 0,3345 0,0424 0,0001 1,0001 0,3114
E-commerce X25 0,4334 1,0001 0,8890 0,6001 0,0001
system X26 0,0001 0,1687 0,3732 0,6191 1,0001
X27 0,0001 0,2040 0,4282 0,7310 1,0001
X28 0,0001 0,2174 0,4171 0,6055 1,0001
X29 0,0001 0,2755 0,4978 0,7841 1,0001
X210 0,0001 0,3059 0,5832 0,8294 1,0001
According to Table 3 and formula (5), calculate the weight value of e-commerce level and regional economic development measurement index. Accordingly, the weight table of China's e -commerce level and regional economic development measurement indicators from 2016 to 2020 is established, as shown in Table 4 below.
According to Table 4 and formulas (7) and (8), the relevant data of the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of E-commerce level and regional economy in China during 2016-2020 are calculated, as shown in Table 5.
ISSN2687-0770 BULLETIN OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. NORTH CAUCASUS REGION. SOCIAL SCIENCE. 2022. No. 4
Table 4 / Таблица 4
Weight values of e-commerce level and regional economic development measurement indexes in China / Весовые значения уровня электронной коммерции и индексы измерения регионального экономического развития в Китае
Measurement index Weight Measurement index Weight Measurement index Weight Measurement index Weight
X11 0,0688 X21 0,0868 X24 0,1253 X27 0,0789
X12 0,0679 X22 0,0629 X25 0,0594 X28 0,0778
X13 0,0738 X23 0,0765 X26 0,0856 X29 0,0701
X210 0,0662
Table 5 / Таблица 5
Measurement index of coupling and coordination between E-commerce level and regional economic development in China / Индекс измерения связи и координации между уровнем электронной коммерции и региональным экономическим развитием Китая
Year U1 U2 Coupling degree Coupling coordination degree Coupling coordination evaluation
2016 0,0000 0,1334 0,0251 0,0409 Extreme imbalance
2017 0,0572 0,2637 0,7655 0,3505 Moderate imbalance
2018 0,1169 0,3413 0,8718 0,4469 Primary coupling coordination
2019 0,1878 0,5702 0,8634 0,5720 Primary coupling coordination
2020 0,2106 0,5656 0,8893 0,5875 Primary coupling coordination
In order to directly reflect the coupling and coordination relationship between e-commerce level and regional economic development, this paper draws the coupling and coordination development trend, as shown in Figure. 0,7500
0,6000 0,4500 0,3000 0,1500 0,0000
0,5720 0,5875
•
0,4469 0,5702 0,5656
0,3505
0,1334 0,2637 0,3413 0,1169 0,1878 --• 0,2106
é— 0,0572
0,0409
•-0,0000
2016
U1
2017 2018 2019 2020
9 Coupling coordination degree
Coupling and coordination trend of E-commerce level and regional economic development in China. Source: compiled by the author / Тенденция взаимосвязи и координации уровня электронной коммерции и регионального экономического развития в Китае. Составлено автором
According to Figure, as time goes by, the coupling coordination degree between China's e-commerce level and regional economy is on the rise, indicating that the both indicators have a dynamic coupling and coordinated development relationship, and the degree of coordinated development is getting higher and higher, and is gradually moving from primary coordination to moderate coordination.
At the same time, the comprehensive development index of China's e-commerce system and regional economic system also shows an increasing trend year by year, indicating that China's e -commerce and economic development in recent years has been in a period of rapid growth. The comprehensive development index of China's e-commerce system is generally higher than that of regional economic system, except in 2016. This shows that China's e-commerce development is relatively rapid, e-commerce to a certain extent to promote the development of regional economy. This is related to the development of China's information technology and the government's policy of vigorously promoting the development of e-commerce.
Conclusion
The article takes e-commerce and regional economic development as the research object, and establishes the index system of China's e-commerce level and regional economic development. The coupling degree and coupling coordination degree are calculated by entropy method and coupling coordination model, and the relationship between them is analyzed by empirical analysis.
The analysis results show that the level of e-commerce and the level of regional economic development in China during the period of 2016-2020 both show an increasing trend, and the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of the two show an increasing trend. This shows that e-commerce and regional economy in China are mutually promoting.
E-commerce can promote the development of regional economy, and the development of regional economy provides better conditions for e-commerce. However, the coupling coordination degree of the two is currently in the primary stage. It is necessary to vigorously develop e-commerce to promote the development of regional economy in the future.
References
1. Brookes M., Wahhaj Z. The Economic Effects of Business to Business Internet Activity. National Institute Economic Review. 2001; 175(1):121-127, https://doi.org/10.1177/002795010117500109.
2. Jaehwa L. Network effects on international trade. Economics Letters. 2012;116(2):199-201.
3. Rana D.A., Davoud N. The Impact of E-commerce and R&D on Economic Development in Some Selected Countries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2016;(229):354-362.
4. Shen X., Zhang G. B., Wang Q. Q. Analysis of coupling coordination between e-commerce level and regional economic development taking Anhui Province as an example. Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Technology. 2018;18(3):6.
5. Zhang H., Hao T. L. Evaluation of regional E-commerce development level in China based on entropy method. Journal of Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2016;(9):88-94.
6. Zhang X. X., Wang M. C., Gao Q. Y. Dynamic evolution analysis of the coupling and coordinated development of agricultural e-commerce and logistics. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences. 2019;47(15):63-67.
7. Tang Y. H. Development level and spatial differentiation of E-commerce in China. Economic Geography. 2015;(5):9-14.
8. National Bureau of Statistics. China Statistical Yearbook. 2017-2021. Available from: http:// www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/ [Accessed 10th September 2022].
9. China Internet Network Information Center. The 47th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. 2021. Available from: http://www.cnnic.net.cn/ [Accessed 10th September 2022].
Список источников
1. Brookes M., Wahhaj Z. The Economic Effects of Business to Business Internet Activity // National Institute Economic Review. 2001. Vol. 175(1). P. 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/002795010117500109.
2. Jaehwa L. Network effects on international trade // Economics Letters. 2012. Vol. 116 (2). P. 199-201.
ISSN2687-0770 BULLETIN OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. NORTH CAUCASUS REGION. SOCIAL SCIENCE. 2022. No. 4
3. Rana D. A., Davoud N. The Impact of E-commerce and R&D on Economic Development in Some Selected Countries // Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2016. № 229. P. 354-362.
4. Shen X., Zhang G. B., Wang Q. Q. Analysis of coupling coordination between e-commerce level and regional economic development taking Anhui Province as an example // J. of Heilongjiang Institute of Technology. 2018. Vol. 18(3). P. 6.
5. Zhang H., Hao T. L. Evaluation of regional E-commerce development level in China based on entropy method // J. of Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications. 2016. № 9. P. 88-94.
6. ZhangX. X., Wang M. C., Gao Q. Y. Dynamic evolution analysis of the coupling and coordinated development of agricultural e-commerce and logistics // Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences. 2019. Vol. 47 (15). P. 63-67.
7. Tang Y. H. Development level and spatial differentiation of E-commerce in China // Economic Geography. 2015. № 5. P. 9-14.
8. National Bureau of Statistics. China Statistical Yearbook. 2017-2021. URL: http:// www.stats.gov.cn/ tjsj/ndsj/ (дата обращения: 10.09.2022).
9. China Internet Network Information Center. The 47th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. 2021. URL: http://www.cnnic.net.cn/ (дата обращения: 10.09.2022).
Information about the author
Zhang Chong - Master of Business Administration, Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Management.
Информация об авторе Чжан Чун - магистр бизнес-администрирования, аспирант, факультет управления.
Статья поступила в редакцию 28.11.2022; одобрена после рецензирования 05.12.2022; принята к публикации 15.12.2022. The article was submitted 28.11.2022; approved after reviewing 05.12.2022; accepted for publication 15.12.2022._
