CC BY
11ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ГЕНЕЗИС ПОЧВ
CSCSTI 68.05.35
R. Sadigov1
CLASSIFICATION OF DARK GRAY-BROWN (CHESTNUT) SOILS SPATTERED IN SHAMKIRCHAY WATER RESERVOIR BASIN (IN SHAMKIRCHAY WATER RESERVOIR
BASIN AREA)
1Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, AZ1010, Baku, Azadlig av. -20, Azerbaijan, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan is mainly characterized by an arid climate. Dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils are widespread in the foothills of the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains, formed in large ranges throughout the country.One of the local areas where these lands are spread is the Shamkirchay reservoir basin. The introductory part of the article provides brief information about these soils, analyzes the climatic features (air temperature, atmospheric precipitation and evaporation) that play a key role in their formation, and the effect of relief.The article studies the classification of dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, their physical and geographical conditions, description of morphological features of soils, diagnostic indicators.Dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils with an area of 2886.09 ha were taken as the object of research. As all soils which are alredy formed in the Shamkirchay reservoir basin (dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils) are considered to be areas with economic potential for agricultural development in the region. For many environmental reasons, the regulation of nature and economic relations in the Shamkir district requires the preparation of proper scientific and scientific-applied works. The article is of scientific-theoretical and practical importance in the assessment of soils, analysis of diagnostic indicators and monitoring of changes in these territorial units. Based on the results of the chemical analysis of the selected samples of soil were analyzed the main physical, chemical and nutritional elements in the upper layer of the soil, compiled a table and analyzed the results.
Key words: water reservoir basin, environmental assessment, dark gray-brown (morphological), morphological description, heavy clay, light clay, humus layer, fertility parameters, granulometric composition, diagnostic indicator, soil section.
INTRODUCTION agriculture. The main reason for irrigation
Dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils in is the climate characteristics of the area.
the Shamkirchay reservoir basin are locat- Most of the areas described are in the
ed in the north-west of the Republic of plains, and the relatively small areas are
Azerbaijan between the northeastern about 300-400 meters above sea level. The
slopes of the Lesser Caucasus and the gray winters are mild, with absolute minimum
mountains. The study area is bordered by air temperature (-16 0C) - (- 18 0C). The
Tovuz and GoyGol regions in the north, temperature can rarely fall below (-19 0C) -
Dashkasan and Gadabay regions in the (- 22 °C). Annual atm°spheric sediments
south, and Tovuz and Gadabay regions in range from 300 mm to 400 mm. Most pre-
the west [1]. cipitation is observed in spring and early
The study area is predominant in summer. During the year the evaporation
different areas of the agrarian sector and threshold is 800-1000 mm [1, 2]. has the second largest development in this The relief of the area with dark gray-
sector of the country only after the Aran brown (chestnut) soils consists of low
economic region. mountain areas and plains with varying
The main areas of the region are viti- degrees of inclination. The complexity of culture, cotton growing, grain growing and the relief has been the result of the inevita-
cattle breeding. Auxiliary farms include ble anthropogenic changes in the area that fruit, poultry, and potato and cereal indus- has historically been considered an agricul-tries. As these basin soils are formed in tural area. So the current leveling has been
plains, they are mainly used in irrigated done in the areas of crop rotation, vine-
yards, orchards, perennial grasses have been planted in water collectors. In the northern and northeastern part of the study area, the surface of the Shamkirchay reservoir basin plains, and in the estuary parts, sometimes forms an underground water stream that flows along rough and light alluvial-proluvial sediments. These streams reach the surface in the plains and sediment areas between the alluvial cones, or they approach and mix with groundwater In sloping plain areas the ground water level reaches 5-10 meters, and to the north it reaches 28 meters [2].
Surface structure and climate diversity of the Shamkir region of the new Shamkirchay reservoir also has influenced the formation of vegetation. The flora has a great impact on the soil cover. Thus, in accordance with the climate of the region, the law of vertical zoning has been observed in the spread of vegetation. The area is surrounded by hornbeam, fraxinus, oak, maple (tree), paliurus, crataegus, wild elaeagnus, prunus spinosa, rosa (bushes). In the plains areas are mainly arid subtropical climatic zones, where desert and semi-desert ephemera, a group of wild cereals are spread. In addition, there are widespread species of xerophytes, such as artemisias, alhagis, barbareas and etc.
The study of the cover of the Shamkirchay reservoir basin is similar to that of the Lesser Caucasus. Extensive fundamental research has been carried out in these areas by V.V. Dokuchayev, M.M. Sibir-tsev, M.P. Babayev, H.C. Baghirov, Н.Э. Giya-si, Q.SH. Mammadov, A.B. Jafarov, H.M. Haji-yev, B.G. Shakuri, K.A. Alakbarov, V.R. Volo-buyev, M.E. Salayev, A.A. Ibrahimov, A.M. Shikhlinski, A.N. Izyumov and other scientists [3, 4].
OBJECTS AND METHODS
The main purpose of the research is the study of classification of dark-brown (chestnut) soils belonging to Shamkirchay reservoir basin, determination of the physical and geographical conditions of these soils, analysis of the current state of vege-
tation, description of the morphological characteristics of the soils, the description and so on. activities within the borders of Shamkir region.
The main purpose of writing the article is to study the soil-ecological conditions of dark brown brown (chestnut) soils within the Shamkirchay reservoir basin within the Shamkir region and at the same time, to study morphological characteristics and to analyze the fertility parameters.
The area of the New Shamkirchay basin within the Shamkir administrative district has been surveyed as a study area and dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils with an area of 2,886.09 ha has been taken as a survey site [5, 6].
In the course of the study, the morphological characteristics of soils on one profile (by profile № 12) have been highlighted in depth on dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils within the basin of the New Shamkirchay reservoir and soil thickness, granulometric composition, color, structure, hardness and a number of morphological signs have been studied on 6 profiles. The geographic coordinates of the sampled soil samples have been determined using the Garmin GPS map 62 s. The soil samples on genetic layers have been taken from the laid sections. The removed soil sections have been dried in the air and then grinded and milled into a 2 mm sieve and they have been transferred to the Laboratory of Land Reclamation (Soil Analysis) and Soil Agroecology and Bonitization of the Institute of Soil Science and Agro-chemistry of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences for physical and chemical analysis and required procedures have been implemented based on accepted methodologies [7, 8].
In the field studies, general humus in soil has been studied by the I.M Tyurin's method, total nitrogen - kjeldahl method, carbonates - calcimeter. CaCO3 form has been analyzed by titration method, total phosphorus (P) and total potassium (K) -by the ICP-MS (agilent) device and one of
the most important factors is the granulo-metric composition - by N.A. Kachinski's method. The cations absorbed to determine soil absorption capacity have been determined by D. Ivanov method, hygroscopic moisture has been determined by thermal method (the soil was dried at x 05 ° C) and soil reaction of the soil has been determined in pH meters (1: 5) in aqueous solution. As well as, the ammoniacal absorption from nitrogen forms has been analyzed by the Konyev method, the ammoniacal water solubility has been analyzed by Nesler method and nitrates have been analyzed by the method of Grandval and Lajoux. The accuracy of the results have been determined using the mathematical statistical method (B.A. Dospekhov) [9].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dark gray brown (chestnut) soils are spread over 2,886.09 ha in the Kol-khozkend, Tatar, Dallar-Chardakhli, Kara-chamirli, Konullu, Morul, Seyfali villages of Shamkir region. These soils are thick, medium and thin. Most of them are used under cultivation [2, 8, 9]. To illustrate the morphological signs of dark brown (brown
chestnut) soils, the following are the signs of profile 12 digging in the planting area of the Dallar-Chardakhli village:
0-23 cm: dark brown, heavy cylindrical, lumpy, mildly humid, stem and root, poorly boiling, transitions are gradual.
23-38 cm: brown, medium loamy, small lumpy, slightly solid, slightly humid, humus of the stem and the root, white peephole, poorly boiling, transition is gradual.
38-64 cm: relatively light brown, walnut, medium-sized, slightly solid, slightly damp, root, white peephole, poorly boiling, the transition is gradual.
64-96 cm: straw, clumpy, solid, slightly humid, root, white peepholes, poorly boiling, the transition is gradual.
96-125 cm: light strawy, the structure is non-selective, solid, slightly humid, and boiling weaker than NSE acid.
Clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils. On the territory of Shamkir administrative district fertility characteristics on various parameters of soil profiles of dark gray brown (chestnut) soils in typical locations have been analyzed in Table 1 by the diagnostic indices.
Depth, cm Humus, % Nitro gen, % Hydro-scopic moisture CO2, % According to CO2 CaCO3, % TAB, mg-eq pH Granulometric composition, % Dry residue
<0,001 mm <0,01 mm
Clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
(Profile № 8)
AUa 0-19 4,13 0,222 5,83 8,97 6,85 28,19 7,6 26,08 71,92 0,1013
A/B 19-50 2,49 0,212 6,01 3,50 8,05 28,26 7,6 21,52 66,47 0,1042
Bca 50-73 2,06 0,204 7,01 3,50 8,05 32,84 7,5 34,48 68,73 0,1132
B/C 73-110 1,29 Not. an 5,60 3,59 8,25 Not. an 7,6 20,64 68,08 0,1138
C 110-155 Not. an 4,72 3,55 8,16 7,7 8,56 49,93 0,1154
AUa 0-23 3,97 0,218 6,80 1,73 3,93 30,78 6,8 18,00 47,97 0,1259
(Profile № 12)
A/B 23-38 3,12 0,197 7,03 1,72 3,90 31,80 6,9 16,48 44,72 0,1247
Bca 38-64 2,21 0,134 6,61 1,14 2,59 29,06 6,8 8,96 52,12 0,1173
B/C 64-96 2,06 0,102 6,69 1,87 4,25 Not.an 6,7 24,80 46,56 0,1067
C 96-125 Not. an Not. an 5,71 1,92 4,39 6,8 21,63 40,96 0,0964
Table 1 - Analysis of diagnostic indicators of the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils fertility parameters in the territory of Shamkir region
The results of the analysis of 6 soil profiles put in characteristic places are given in the area of the district on different subsets of land from different directions.
The analyzes have been conducted along the profiles on 2 profiles in clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, 1 profile in sandy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, 1 profile in heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils and 2 profiles in heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils. It is also clear from the morphological description of the various soil fragments in the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnuts) soils in the study, as a result of field-soil and cameral laboratory studies, in various micro-relief forms and economic areas there are differences between AUa -thickness of humus layer, % nitrogen content, Bca layer formation, depth and strength of illuvial carbonate, their structural-aggregates, granulometric composition, hydroscopic moisture and other morpho-diagnostic features. Thus, the amount of humus in the different species identified in the study area is 3.974.13 % in the upper AUa layer, 2.49-3.12 % in A/B layer, 2.06-2.21 % in the Bca layer and 1.29-2.06 % in the B/C layer. Humus has not been analyzed in the C layer. The amount of nitrogen equivalent to humus is 0.218-0.222 % in the upper AUa layer, 0.197-0.212 % in the a/b layer, 0.1340.234 % in the Bca layer, and 0.102 % in the B/C layer. The C layer has not been analyzed as in humus (Table 1). Although the profile of soil in the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnuts) soils is characteristic of surface carbonation, the change in its size depends on the plasticity of the relief and the soil-resilient rocks. The percentage of CO2 fluctuates between 1.738.97 % in the AUa -layer, 1.72-3.50 % in the A/B layer, 1.14-3.50 % in the Bca layer, 1.87 -3.59 % in the B/C layer and 1.92-3.55 % in C-layer, as well as, according to CO2 the amount of CaCO3 has been identified 3.936.85 % in the AUa layer, 3.90-8.05 % in the A/B layer, 2.59-8.05 % in the Bca layer, 4.25
-8.25 % in the B/C layer and 4.39-8.16 % in the C-layer.
In the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnuts) soils, there is a clearly expressed crust on the upper layers. Physical clay in soil profiles (less than 0.01 mm) are limited to 47.97-71.9 2% in the AUa layer, 44.72-66.47 % in the A/B layer, 52.12-68.73 % in the Bca layer, 46.5668.08 % in the B/C layer, 40.96-49.93 % in the C layer; for sludge particles (less than 0.001 mm) has been limited to 18.0026.08 % in the AUa layer, 16.48-21.52 % in the A/B layer, 8.96-34.48 % in the Bca layer, 20.64-24.80 % in the B/C layer and 8.5621.63 % in the C layer.
Quantity of other fertility parameters in the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (cestnuts) soils has also been studied. Thus, hydroscopic moisture has been detected in these soils 5.83-6.80 % in the AUa layer, 6.01-7.03 % in the A/B layer, 7.01-6.61 % in the Bca layer and 5.60-6.69 % in the C-layer; the total of the absorbed bases have been determined 6.85-3.93 mg-eq. in the AUa layer, 3.90-8.05 mg-eq. in the A/B layer, 2.59-8.05 mg-eq. in the Bca layer, 4.25-8.25 mg-eq. in the B/C layer and 4.398.16 mg-eq. in the C-layer; soil environmental reaction (pH) has been determined 68-7.6 in the AUa -layer, 6.9-7.6 in the A/B layer, 6.8-7.5 in the Bca layer, 6.7-7.6 in the B/C layer and 6.8-7.7 in the C-layer; dry residue has been identified 0.1013-0.1259 g/m3 in the AUa layer, 0.1042-0.1247 g /m3 in the A/B layer, 0.332-0.1173 g/m3 in the Bca layer, 0.138-0.1067 g /m3 in the B/C layer and 0.1154-0.0964 g /m3 in the C-layer (Table 1).
Heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils. Diagnostic indicators of fertility parameters of these soils have been analyzed in Table 2. As a result of the researches, the comparative characteristic of the soil profiles 19 and 20 of the heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils have been determined. The 19th profile of the heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils is under cultivation in the territory of Garachamirli village, and the
20th profile is in the peaceful plantation area in the Sayfali village. Differences between profiles have been analyzed below. The humus content in these soils is 3.543.57 % in the upper AUa layer, 2.11-2.88 % in the A/B layer, 1.52-1.58 % in the middle Bca layer, and 1.58-0.96 % in the low B/C layers. The humus in the C-layer is 0.79 % in the 19th soil profile and 20th soil profile has not been analyzed. The amount of nitrogen equivalent to humus has been determined 0.211-0.228 % in the upper AUa layer, 0.168-0.193 % in the a/b layer, 0.093-0.193 % in the Bca layer, and 0.101 % in the B/C layer. No nitrogen has been analyzed in the C-layer on this layer and below
in profile 20. Humus indicators have not been analyzed in C-fold in profile 19 (Table 2).
The heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils are characterized by their carbonate nature. The percentage of CO2 fluctuates between 1.982.40 % in the AUa -layer, 2.32-2.36 % in the A/B layer, 1.68-3.11 % in the Bca layer, 1.39-3.11 % in the B/C layer and 1.76-3.33 % in C-layer; according to CO2 the amount of CaCO3 has been identified 4.51-5.45 % in the AUa layer, 4.27-5.36 % in the A/B layer, 3.75-5.36 % in the Bca layer, 3.14-7.07 % in the B/C layer and 4.00-7.57 % in the C layer.
Table 2- Analysis of diagnostic indicators of the heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils fertility parameters in the territory of Shamkir region
Depth, cm Humus, % Nitro gen, % Hydro-scopic moisture CO2, % According to CO2 CaCO3, % TAB, mg-eq pH Granulometric composition, % Dry residue
<0,001 mm <0,01 mm
Heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
(Profile № 19)
AUa 0-24 3,57 0,211 4,79 1,98 4,51 19,63 6,6 22,56 45,60 Not.an
Bca 24-48 2,88 0,193 4,82 2,36 5,36 20,16 6,7 21,92 43,36
B/C 48-89 1,58 0,101 5,13 3,11 7,07 Not.an 6,6 23,61 56,72
C 89-137 0,79 Not.a n 5,51 3,33 7,57 6,8 24,16 54,93
(Profile № 20)
AUa 0-28 3,54 0,228 4,01 2,40 5,45 21,73 6,9 15,28 33,84 0,2048
A/B 28-50 2,11 0,168 3,54 2,32 4,27 21,92 6,9 10,16 29,04 0,1506
Bca 50-83 1,52 0,105 3,11 1,68 3,75 Not.an 7,0 6,16 14,41 0,1218
B/C83-118 0,96 Not. an 3,98 1,39 3,14 6,9 Not.an 10,16 0,1247
C 118-150 Not. an 2,73 1,76 4,00 7,1 17,63 0,1782
In the heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, the gran-ulometric composition is quite diverse. Thus, in these soils, the amount of physical clay and sludge can be seen, depending on the depth, the granulometric composition is composed of sandy, light loamy, medium loamy and heavy loamy structure. Clayiness is not observed. Physical clay in soil profiles (less than 0.01 mm) are limited to 33.84-45.60 % in the AUa -layer, 29.04-43.36 % in the A/B layer, 14.41-
43.36 % in the Bca layer, 10.16-56.72 % in the B/C layer, 17.63-54.93 % in the C-layer; for sludge particles (less than 0.001 mm) has been analyzed 15.2822.56 % in the AUa layer, 10.16-21.92 % in the A/B layer, 6.16-23.61 % in the Bca layer, 20.64-24.80 % (profile 19) in the B/C layer and the C-layers. The granulometric composition in the B/C and C layers is not determined in profile 20 (Table 2). As can be seen from the table, in the heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut)
soils, other quantitative parameters have been studied. Thus, hydroscopic moisture has been detected in these soils 4.01-4.79 % in the AUa layer, 3.54-4.82 % in the A/B layer, 3.11-4.82 % in the Bca layer and 2.735.51 % in the C-layer; the total of the absorbed bases have been determined 19.6321.73 mg-eq. in the AUa layer, 20.16-21.92 mg-eq. in the A/B layer and Bca, B/C and C-layers have not been analyzed; soil environmental reaction (pH) has been determined 6.6-6.9 in the AUa -layer, 6.7-6.9 in the A/B layer, 6.7-7.0 in the Bca layer, 6.66.9 in the B/C layer and 6,8-7,1 in the C-layer. Dry residue has not been analyzed in the profile 19. In the profile 20, dry residue has been identified 0.2048 g/m3 in the AUa layer, 0.1506 g/m3 in the A/B layer, 0.1218 g /m3in the Bca layer, 0.1247 g/m3 in the B/
C layer and 0.1782 g/m3 in the C-layer (Table 2).
Sandy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils. To obtain soil samples in sandy dark-brown (chestnut) soils (profile 14), Tatar village studies have been conducted in the area formed under a cotton crop. The results obtained on the profile are as follows: the amount of humus is 3.55 % in the upper AUa layer, 2.05 % in A/B layer, 2.02 % in the middle Bca layer, 1.93 % in the B/C layer, and 1.72 % in the C-layer. Respectively, the amount of nitrogen is 0.187 % in the upper AUa layer, 0.132 % in the A/B layer, 0.124 % in the Bca layer, 0.108 % in the B/C layer and 0.086 % in the C-layer . According to CO2 the amount of CaCO3 has not been analyzed (Table 3).
Table 3 - Analysis of diagnostic indicators of the sandy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils fertility parameters in the territory of Shamkir region
Depth, cm Humus, Nitro gen, Hydroscopic CO2, % Accordi ng to TAB, mg-eq pH Granulometric composition, % Dry residue
% % moisture CO2 CaCO3, % <0,001 mm <0,01 mm
(Profile № 14) Sandy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
AUa 0-15 3,55 0,187 2,19 1,09 2,48 Not.an 7,2 6,56 2,64 0,0987
A/B 15-35 2,05 0,132 1,04 1,31 2,48 7,2 0,81 5,04 0,0946
Bca 35-60 2,02 0,124 5,15 1,60 3,64 7,1 23,68 5,64 0,1148
B/C 60-85 1,93 0,108 5,84 3,02 6,89 7,3 24,08 54,01 0,1763
C 85-125 1,72 0,086 4,31 3,02 6,89 7,2 15,92 42,48 0,2081
In granulometric composition on the sandy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, sludge particles is observed with sand, sandy, and light loam; clay particles is observed with sand, medium loam, heavy loam and light clay on the lower floors. Physical clay in soil profiles (less than 0.01 mm) is 2.64 % in the AUa layer, 5.04 % in the A/B layer, 5.64 % in the Bca layer, 54.01% in the B/C layer, 42.48 % in the C-layer; for sludge particles (less than 0.001 mm) are 6.56 % in the AUa layer, 0.81 % in the A/B layer, 23.68 % in the Bca layer, 24.08 % in the B/C layer and 15.92 % in the C-layer. The amount of oth-
er fertility parameters in sandy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soil has also been determined. Hydroscopic moisture has been detected in these soils 2.19 % in the AUa layer, 1.04 % in the A/B layer, 5.15 % in the Bca layer, 5.84 % in the B/C layer and 4.31 % in the C-layer; the total of the absorbed bases have been determined 7.2 in the AUa layer, 7.2 in the A/B layer, 7.1 in the Bca layer, 7.3 in the B/C layer and 7.2 in the C-layer; Dry residue has been identified 0.0987 g/m3 in the AUa layer, 0.0996 g/ m3 in the A/B layer, 0,1148 g /m3in the Bca layer, 0.1763 g/m3 in the B/C layer and 0,2081 g/m3 in the C - layer.
The total of the absorbed bases has not been analyzed (Table 3).
Heavy loamy dark grey-brown (chestnut) soils. Heavy loamy dark grey-brown (chestnut) soils are common in the villages of Yukhari-Seyfali, Morul, Kol-khozkand and Tatar Soil samples have been taken from the same villages. At the article has been analized analyzed the 15th profile soil samples taken from a typical location on the roadside of Seyfali village. Here are the results for profile 15: The amount of humus is 3.47 % in the AUa layer, 3.09 % in A/B layer, 2.45 % in the Bca
layer, 1.45 % in the B/C layer, and 0.97 % in the C-layer. The amount of nitrogen is 0.194 % in the AUa layer, 0.183 % in the A/ B layer, 0.127 % in the Bca layer, 0.098 % in the B/C layer and it has not been specified in the C-layer . The percentage of CO2 -does not exist in AUa, 0.26 % in the A/B layer, 2.51 % in the Bca layer, 3.56 % in the B/C layer and 3.87 % in the C-layer. According to CO2 the amount of CaCO3 - has not been identified in the AUa layer, 0.59 % in the A/B layer, 5.70 % in the Bca layer, 8.02 % in the B/C layer and 8.66 % in the C-layer. (Table 4).
Table 4 - Analysis of heavy loamy dark grey-brown (chestnut) soils fertility parameters in the territory of Shamkir region
Depth, cm Humus, Nitro- Hydro- CO2, Accor- TAB, pH Granulometric Dry
% gen, scopic % ding to mg-eq composition, % residue
% moisture CO2 CaCO3, % <0,001 mm <0,01 mm
(Profile № 15) Heavy loamy dark grey-brown (chestnut) soils
AUa 0-25 3,47 0,194 6,42 Not. an Not. an 31,21 6,8 20,80 54,86 0,1169
A/B 25-47 3,09 0,183 6,58 0,26 0,59 29,33 6,8 18,42 55,35 0,1191
Bca 47-67 2,45 0,127 7,43 2,51 5,70 35,84 6,8 26,91 60,98 0,1234
B/C 67-90 1,46 0,098 7,87 3,56 8,02 Not. an 6,7 30,89 65,94 0,1249
C 90-131 0,97 Not.an 8,04 3,87 8,66 6,8 36,15 69,37 0,1175
Physical clay in soil profiles (less than 0.01 mm) have been identified 20,80 % in the AUa layer, 18,42 % in the A/B layer, 26,91 % in the Bca layer, 30,89 % in the B/C layer, 36,15 % in the C-layer; for sludge particles (less than 0.001 mm) have been analyzed 54,86 % in the AUa layer, 55.35 % in the A/B layer, 60,98 % in the Bca layer, 65,94 % in the B/C layer and 69,37 % in the C-layer. In these soils, the hydrosco-pic moisture has been detected 6,42 % in the AUa layer, 6,58 % in the A/B layer, 7,43 % in the Bca layer and 7,87 % in the B/C layer and 8.04 % in the C-layer; soil environmental reaction (pH) has been determined 6.8 in the AUa layer, 6.8 in the A/B layer, 6.8 in the Bca layer, 6.7 in the B/C layer and 6.8 in the C-layer; dry residue has been identified 0,1169 g/m3in the AUa lay-
er, 0,1191g/m3 in the A/B layer, 0,1234 g/m3 in the Bca layer, 0,1249 g/m3 in the B/C layer and 0,1175 g/m3 in the C-layer. The total of the absorbed bases have been determined 31.21 mg-eq. in the AUa layer, 29.33 mg-eq. in the A/B layer, 35.84 mg-eq. in the Bca layer and B/C and C-layers have not been analyzed (Table 4). The results of the analysis revealed that there are differences between the two soil cuts analyzed in clay and heavy gray-brown (chestnut) soils: (Table 5). When analyzing heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, as in the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils, there are differences in soil profiles, and the results have been analyzed in Table 6.
Table 5 - Indicators of differences between the two soil profiles analyzed in the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
Profile, Hu- Nitro Hydro CO2, Accor TAB, pH Granulometric Dry
№ mus, gen, scopic % ding to mg-eq composition, % residue
% % moisture CO2 CaCOs, % <0,001 mm <0,01 mm
Clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
AUa 0,16 0,004 0,97 7,24 2,92 2,92 0,8 8,08 23,95 0,0246
A/B 0,63 0,015 1,02 1,78 4,15 4,15 0,7 5,04 21,75 0,0205
Bca 0,15 0,100 0,40 2,36 5,46 5,46 0,7 25,52 16,61 0,0041
B/C 0,77 Not.an 1,09 1,72 4,00 4,00 0,9 4,16 21,52 0,0071
C Not.an ---- 0,99 1,63 3,77 3,37 0,9 13,07 8,97 0,0190
Table 6 - Indicators of differences between 2 soil profiles analyzed in heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
Profile, № Humus, % Nitro gen, % Hydroscopic moisture CO2, % According to CO2 CaCO3, % TAB, mg-eq pH Granulometric composition, % Dry residue
<0,001 mm <0,01 mm
Heavy loamy, medium saline dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils
AUa 0,03 0,027 0,78 0,42 0,94 2,07 0,3 6,28 11,76 Not.an
A/B 0,77 0,025 1,28 0,04 1,09 1,76 0,2 11,76 14,32 -
Bca 0,06 0,100 1,71 0,43 1,61 Not. an 0,3 17,45 28,95 -
B/C 0,62 Not.an 1,15 1,72 3,93 - 0,3 10,16 46,56 -
C Not. an - 2,78 1,57 3,57 -- 0,3 17,63 37,30 -
CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of chemical analyzes of soil samples taken from dark brown (windy) soils in different conditions in Shamkir region, the main physical and chemical and nutritional elements have been analyzed using modern methods, and the results have been analyzed.
As can be seen from Table 1, all mor-pho-genetic characteristics of the soils vary considerably, depending on the microrelief conditions in the clayey and heavy loamy dark gray-brown (chestnut) soils in the Shamkir region studied.
In the analysis of diagnostic indicators of fertility parameters of sandy dark
gray-brown (sooty) soils in the Shamkir region, it was found that there are genetic disturbances in these soils. Thus, the regularity of humus, nitrogen and dry residue has not been violated, and there has been a decrease in the horizontal surface. The hy-droscopic humidity has increased towards the lower layers, the carbonation has been a minority in this hemisphere, and the TAB has not been analyzed. The environment is mostly low-grade, with granometric composition having great contraindications for genetic layers. Although there is sand on the upper layer, sandy and light clay on the lower layers have been replaced by medium and heavy clay rocks on silt particles.
REFERENCES
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TYmH Р. Садыгов1
ШАМКИРЧАЙ СУ КОЙМАСЫ АЛАБЫНДА ТАРАЛFАН ОТНДРТ КУБА-КрШКЫЛ ТОПЫРАККТАРДЫ ТАЛДАУ (ШАМКИРЧАЙ СУ КОЙМАСЫ АЛАБЫ АУМАFЫНДА)
1Эзiрбайжан мемлекеттж мунай жэне внеркэспуниверситету AZ1010, Баку, Азадлыг дацг, 20, Эзiрбайжан, e-mail: [email protected]
Эзiрбайжан Республикасынын аумагы непзшен куан климатпен сипатталады. Кунпрт-сур-кошкыл (коныр) топырактар букы ел аумагы бойынша калыптаскан Yлкен жэне Krni Кавказ тауларынын бектерлершде кен таралган. Бул жерлердщ таралуынын жерплжт аудандарынын бiрi - Шамкирчай су коймасынын алабы. Макаланын юркпе белiмiнде осы топырактар туралы кыскаша акпарат берглед^ олардын калыптасуында шешушi рел аткаратын климаттык ерекшелжтер (ауа температурасы, атмосфералык жауын-шашын жэне булану) мен рельефтщ эсерi талданады. Сондаи-ак, макалада топырактардын жжтелу^ олардын физикальщ-географияльщ жагдаиы, топырактын морфологиялык ерекшелжтершщ сипаттамасы, диагностикалык керсеткiштерi карастырылады. Зерттеу нысаны ретшде ауданы 2886,09 га кураитын кунпрт-сур-кошкыл (коныр) топырактар алынды. Шамкирчаи су коимасынын алабында
;алыптаск;ан барлы; топыра;тар (кун,прт-сур-к;ошк;ыл (;оныр) топыра;тар) айма;тагы ауыл шаруашылыгын дамыту Yшiн экономикалы; элеуетi бар аума;тар болып саналады. Кептеген экологиялы; себептерге байланысты Шамкир ауданындагы табиги-экономикалык; ;атынастарды реттеу тшсп гылыми жэне гылыми-к;олданбалы жумыстарды даиындауды талап етедi. Ма;ала топыра;ты багалау, диагностикалы; керсеткiштердi талдау жэне осы аума;ты; бiрлiктердегi езгерiстерге мониторинг жYргiзу Yшiн гылыми-теориялык; жэне практикалы; манызга ие. Алынган топыра; Yлгiлерiне жYргiзiлген химиялы; талдау нэтйжелерi негiзiнде топыра;тын жогаргы ;абатындагы негiзгi физика-химиялы; жэне крректж элементтер талданып, кесте жасалды жэне нэтйжелерi талданды.
TywHdi свздер:су ;ойма алабы, экологиялы; багалау, ^нпрт ;уба-к;оныр топыра;, морфологиялы; ;асиеттер^ ауыр сазда;, женiл балшы;, ;арашiрiк ;абаты, ;унарлылык; керсетюштер^гранулометриялык; ;урамы, диагностикалы; керсетюштер^ топыра; кескiнi.
РЕЗЮМЕ Р. Садыгов1
АНАЛИЗИРОВАНИЕ ТЕМНО-БУРО-КОРИЧНЕВЫХ ПОЧВ, РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫХ НА БАССЕЙНЕ ШАМКИРЧАИСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА (НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ БАССЕИНА шамкирчаИского ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА)
1Азербайджанский Государственный Университет Нефти и Промышленности, AZ1010, Баку, пр. Азадлыг, 20, Азербайджан, e-mail: [email protected] Территория Азербайджанской Республики в основном характеризуется засушливым климатом. Темно-серо-коричневые (каштановые) почвы широко распространены в предгорьях Большого и Малого Кавказских гор, образованных в широких пределах по всеи стране. Одним из локальных раионов распространения этих земель является бассейн Шамкирчайского водохранилища. Во вступительной части статьи дается краткая информация об этих почвах, анализируются климатические особенности (температура воздуха, атмосферные осадки и испарение), которые играют ключевую роль в их формировании, и влияние рельефа. А также в статье рассматриваются классификация темно-серо-коричневых (каштановых) почв, их физико-географическое состояние, описание морфологических особенностей почв, диагностические показатели. В качестве объекта исследования были взяты темно-серо-коричневые (каштановые) почвы площадью 2886,09 га. Поскольку все почвы, которые уже сформировались в бассеине Шамкирчаиского водохранилища (темно-серо-коричневые (каштановые) почвы), считаются территориями с экономическим потенциалом для развития сельского хозяиства в регионе. По многим экологическим причинам регулирование природно-экономических отношений в Шамкирском районе требует подготовки надлежащих научных и научно-прикладных работ. Статья имеет научно-теоретическое и практическое значение для оценки почв, анализа диагностических показателеи и мониторинга изменении в этих территориальных единицах. На основании результатов химического анализа, отобранных проб почвы, были проанализированы основные физико-химические и питательные элементы в верхнем слое почвы, составлена таблица и проанализированы результаты.
Ключевые слова: бассейн водохранилища, экологическая оценка, темно буро-коричневая почва, морфологические свойства, тяжелый суглинок с легкой глиной, слой гумуса, параметры плодородия, гранулометрический состав, диагностический параметр, разрез почвы.
